| | There are four reasons why a state becomes chaotic: having within it a concubine who doubts her mistress, this is court chaos. A commoner's son who doubts the legitimate heir causes family disorder. In the court, a minister who doubts the prime minister causes national chaos. Appointing officials without ability causes disorder among the people. If these four factors are not distinguished, the ruler loses his proper role; officials form factions and harbor private interests, then they lose strength . Therefore, a wife must be certain, a son must be upright, the prime minister must stand straight and listen attentively, and officials must be loyal and trustworthy with reverence.
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