| | 河水: |
又東過平縣北，湛水從北來注之。 |
| | It flows east past Ping Xian to the north, and the Zhan Shui River comes from the north to join it.
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河水又東逕河陽縣故城南，《春秋經》書天王狩于河陽，壬申，公朝于王所，晉侯執衛侯歸于京師。《春秋左傳·僖公二十八年》，冬，會于溫，執衛侯。是會也，晉侯召襄王以諸侯見，且使王狩。仲尼曰：以臣召君，不可以訓。故書曰：天王狩于河陽。言非其狩地。服虔、賈逵曰：河陽，溫也。班固《漢書·地理志》、司馬彪、袁山松《郡國志》、《晉太康地道記》、《十三州志》：河陽別縣，非溫邑也。漢高帝六年，封陳涓為侯國，王莽之河亭也。 |
| | The Yellow River again flows east past the site of the old Huyang Xian fortress to the south. The "Spring and Autumn Annals" records that the Heavenly King held a hunting expedition at Heyang, on the Renshen day, the Gong paid homage at the king's residence, and Duke Jin Hou captured Wei Hou and returned him to the capital. In the "Zuo Zhuan" commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals, the 28th year of Duke Xi's reign: In winter, a meeting was held at Wen, where Wei Hou was captured. At this assembly, Duke Jin summoned King Xiang to be received by the feudal lords and also arranged for the king to hold a hunting expedition. Zhong Ni said: To summon one's sovereign as a subject is not an example that can be followed. Therefore, the record states: "The Heavenly King held a hunting expedition in Heyang." It indicates that this was not the proper location for such a hunting expedition. Fu Qian and Jia Kui said: Heyang is Wen. Ban Gu's "Book of Han: Geography Chapter," Sima Biao, Yuan Shansong's "Prefectures and States Records," the "Jin Taikang Ground Path Record," and the "Thirteen Provinces Gazetteer" state: Heyang was a separate xian (county), not part of Wen yi (the territory of Wen). In the sixth year of Emperor Gao Di's reign in the Han dynasty, Chen Juan was enfeoffed as a marquis here. In Wang Mang's time, it was known as Heting.
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《十三州志》曰：治河上，河，孟津河也。 |
| | The "Thirteen Provinces Gazetteer" states: The administrative seat was at He Shang; the river referred to here is the Mengjin River.
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郭緣生《述征記》曰：踐土，今冶坂城。是名異《春秋》焉。非也。今河北見者，河陽城故縣也，在冶坂西北，蓋晉之溫地，故羣儒有溫之論矣。 |
| | Guo Yuansheng's "Shu Zheng Ji" states: Jiantu is now Yeba Cheng. This shows that the name differs from what is recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Annals." That is not correct. The present-day Heyang in the north of the river is the site of the former Heyang Xian. It lies northwest of Yeba and was part of Jin's Wen territory; therefore, many scholars have argued for its connection to Wen.
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《魏土地記》曰：冶坂城舊名漢祖渡，城險固，南臨孟津河。河水右逕臨平亭北。 |
| | The "Wei Tu Di Ji" states: Yeba Cheng was formerly known as Han Zu Du; the city is perilous and solid, with the Mengjin River to its south. The Yellow River flows past the north of Linping Ting on its right bank.
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《帝王世紀》曰：光武葬臨平亭南，西望平陰者也。河水又東逕洛陽縣北，河之南岸有一碑，北面題云：洛陽北界，津水二渚，分屬之也。上舊有河平侯祠，祠前有碑，今不知所在。 |
| | "The Imperial Genealogy" states: Emperor Guangwu was buried to the south of Linping Ting, where one can look westward toward Pingyin. The Yellow River again flows east, past the north of Luoyang Xian. On the southern bank of the river there is a stone stele; its northern-facing inscription reads: "Northern boundary of Luoyang, two sandbanks at Jin Shui belong to different jurisdictions." There used to be a temple for He Ping Hou in this area; there was also a stele before the temple, but its current location is unknown.
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郭頒《世語》曰：晉文王之世，大魚見孟津，長數百步，高五丈，頭在南岸，尾在中渚，河平侯祠即斯祠也。河水又東逕平縣故城北。漢武帝元朔三年，封濟北貞王子劉遂為侯國，王莽之所謂治平矣，俗謂之小平也。有高祖講武場，河北側岸有二城相對，置北中郎府，徙諸徒隸府戶，並羽林虎賁領隊防之。河水南對首陽山，《春秋》所謂首戴也。《夷齊之歌》所以曰登彼西山矣。上有夷齊之廟，前有二碑，竝是後漢河南尹廣陵陳導、雒陽令徐循，與處士平原蘇騰、南陽何進等立，事見其碑。又有周公廟。魏氏起玄武觀于芒垂，張景陽《玄武觀賦》所謂高樓特起，竦跱岹嶢，直亭亭以孤立，延千里之清飇也。朝廷又置冰室于斯阜，室內有冰井。 |
| | Guo Ban's "Shi Yu" states: In the time of Duke Wen of Jin, a great fish appeared at Mengjin. It was hundreds of paces long and five zhang high; its head was on the southern bank while its tail reached to the middle sandbank. The He Ping Hou Temple is precisely this temple. The Yellow River again flows east and passes north of the site of the old Ping Xian fortress. In the third year of Yuanshuo reign period of Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Sui, a son of Zhensi of Jibei, was enfeoffed here as a marquis. This is what Wang Mang referred to as Zhiping; it is commonly known today as Xiaoping. There was an imperial military training ground of Emperor Gaozu. On the northern bank of the river, two cities face each other; a Northern Zhonglang Fu (military office) was established there, relocating various convicts and household servants to serve as guards under the command of the Yu Lin Hu Bin leading squadrons for defense. The Yellow River faces Shouyang Mountain to its south, which is what the "Spring and Autumn Annals" refers to as Shoudai. This is why the song of Yi Qi says: "Climb that western mountain." There is a temple of Yi and Qi on the mountain, with two steles in front. Both were erected by Guangling Chen Dao, governor of Henan during the Later Han dynasty; Luoyang Ling Xu Xun; as well as reclusive scholar Pingyuan Su Teng and Nanyang He Jin et al. The details are recorded on those steles. There is also a Temple of Duke Zhou. The Wei family built the Xuanwu Guan on Mangchui. This is what Zhang Jingyang refers to in his "Fu of Xuanwu Guan" as a tall building rising uniquely, standing upright and towering high, standing alone with its elegant form, extending to catch the clear breeze from a thousand li away. The imperial court also established an ice house on this hill, and inside it there was an ice well.
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《春秋左傳》曰：日在北陸而藏冰。常以十二月採冰于河津之隘，峽石之阿，北陰之中，即《邠詩》：二之日，鑿冰沖沖矣。而內于井室，所謂納于凌陰者也。河南有鉤陳壘，世傳武王伐紂，八百諸侯所會處，《尚書》所謂不期同時也。紫微有鉤陳之宿主，鬬訟兵陣，故遁甲攻取之法，以所攻神與鉤陳並氣，下制所臨之辰，則決禽敵，是以壘資其名矣。河水于斯，有盟津之目。 |
| | lington The "Zuo Zhuan" commentary on the Spring and Autumn Ann als says: "When the sun is in Bei Lu, ice is stored." Ice was regularly collected in the twelfth month from narrow river crossings and secluded rocky corners in the northern shaded area, as described in the "Bin Shi" poem: "On the second day of the lunar year, the ice is struck with a clattering sound." It was then stored inside the ice well chamber—this is what is referred to as "placing it in Lingyin." To the south of the river is Gouchen Lei. It is said that this was where King Wu of Zhou, in his campaign against Zhou, met with 800 feudal lords; it corresponds to what the "Shang Shu" describes as their coming together without prior appointment yet at the same time. In the Purple Microsystem, there is a constellation called Gouchen that governs litigation and military formations. Therefore, in Dunjia (a system of divination for warfare), when the attacking deity aligns with Gouchen's energy, one can subdue the enemy by controlling the hour under which they are situated; thus, this fortress took its name from this concept. At this location, the Yellow River is known as Mengjin.
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《論衡》曰：武王伐紂，升舟，陽侯波起，疾風逆流，武王操黃鉞而麾之，風波畢除，中流，白魚入于舟，燔以告天，與八百諸侯咸同此盟，《尚書》所謂不謀同辭也。故曰孟津，亦曰盟津。《尚書》所謂東至于孟津者也，又曰富平津。 |
| | The "Lun Heng" states: When King Wu campaigned against Zhou, he boarded the boat. Yang Hou's waves arose and fierce winds opposed the current. King Wu took up a yellow yue (axe) and waved it; all wind and waves ceased. In midstream, a white fish leapt into his boat. He burned it as an offering to heaven, and together with 800 feudal lords, they made this oath here—this is what the "Shang Shu" refers to as "without prior consultation yet speaking in unison." Hence it was called Mengjin, also known as Mengjin. This is what the "Shang Shu" refers to when it says "to the east up to Mengjin," and it was also called Fuping Jin.
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《晉陽秋》曰：杜預造河橋于富平津，所謂造舟為梁也。又謂之曰陶河。魏尚書僕射杜畿，以帝將幸許，試樓船，覆于陶河，謂此也。昔禹治洪水，觀于河，見白面長人，魚身，出曰：吾河精也，授禹《河圖》而還于淵。及子朝篡位，與敬王戰，乃取周之寶玉，沈河以祈福。後二日，津人得之于河上，將賣之，則變而為石；及敬王位定，得玉者獻之，復為玉也。河水又東，湨水入焉。 |
| | The "Jin Yangqiu" states: Du Yu built a river bridge at Fuping Jin, which is what is meant by "constructing boats to form a bridge." It was also called Tao He. lodash The Wei dynasty's Shangshu Puye Du Ji, when the emperor was about to visit Xu, tested a multi-decked ship that capsized in Tao He—this refers to this location. In the past, Yu controlled the great floods and observed the river. He saw a tall man with white skin and a fish body who emerged and said: "I am the spirit of the Yellow River." The spirit gave Yu the "He Tu" (River Chart) before returning to the depths. When Zi Chao usurped the throne and fought against King Jing, he took the precious jade treasures of Zhou and sank them in the river to pray for blessings. Two days later, a ferryman found it on the riverbank; he was about to sell it when it transformed into stone. After King Jing's position as ruler was secured, the one who had obtained the stone presented it; it turned back into jade. The Yellow River flows east again, and the Ju Shui enters it.
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《山海經》曰：和山，上無草木，而多瑤碧，寔惟河之九都。是山也，五曲，九水出焉，合而北流，注于河。其陽多蒼玉，吉神泰逢司之，是于萯山之陽，出入有光。 |
| | The "Shan Hai Jing" states: Heshan has no grass or trees on its summit, but is rich in yao bi (precious stones); it is indeed one of the nine capitals of the Yellow River. This mountain has five bends, and from it flow nine streams; they converge and flow northward into the river. Its southern side is rich in blue jade, guarded by the auspicious deity Taifeng; this occurs on the south side of Fushan, where it appears and disappears with a luminous glow.
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《呂氏春秋》曰：夏后氏孔甲，田于東陽萯山，遇大風雨，迷惑，入于民室。皇甫謐《帝王世紀》以為即東首陽山也。蓋是山之殊目矣。今于首陽東山，無水以應之，當是今古世懸，川域改狀矣。昔帝堯脩壇河、洛，擇良議沈，率舜等升于首山，而遵河渚，有五老遊焉，相謂《河圖》將來，告帝以期，知我者，重瞳也。五老乃翻為流星而升于昴，即于此也。又東，濟水注焉。 |
| | The "Lü Shi Chun Qiu" states: Kongma, a descendant of the Xia Hou clan, was hunting at Dongyang Fushan when he encountered heavy wind and rain. He became disoriented and entered a commoner's house. Huangfu Mi's "Imperial Genealogy" considers this to be the same as Dong Shouyang Mountain. This is likely a different name for the mountain. Now, in the eastern part of Shouyang Mountain, there is no water to correspond with it; this must be due to changes over time between ancient and modern eras, as river basins have altered their forms. In ancient times, Emperor Yao built altars by the He and Luo rivers, selected worthy advisors to submerge offerings, led Shun and others up Shou Mountain, followed along the river islets, where five old men were seen wandering. They said among themselves that the "He Tu" was about to arrive; they informed the emperor of its timing, saying: "The one who understands us will have double pupils." The five old men then transformed into falling stars and ascended to Maoluo; this occurred right here. Flowing further east, the Ji Shui joins it.
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又東過鞏縣北， |
| | It flows east again past the north of Gong Xian.
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河水于此有五社渡，為五社津。建武元年，朱鮪遣持節使者賈彊、討難將軍蘇茂，將三萬人，從五社津渡，攻溫。馮異遣校尉與寇恂合擊之，大敗，追至河上，生擒萬餘人，投河而死者數千人。縣北有山臨河，謂之崟原丘。其下有穴，謂之鞏穴，言潛通淮浦，北達于河。直穴有渚，謂之鮪渚。 |
| | At this point, the Yellow River has Wushe Du, known as Wushe Jin. In the first year of Jianwu, Zhu Fu dispatched envoys with imperial authority, Jia Qiang, and General Su Mao, leading 30,000 men to cross at Wushe Jin and attack Wen. Feng Yi dispatched a military officer to join Kou Xun in attacking them, achieving a great defeat. They pursued the enemy up to the riverbank, capturing over 10,000 alive and killing several thousand who drowned in the river. To the north of the xian is a mountain overlooking the river; it is called Yin Yuan Qiu. Beneath it there is a cave, known as Gong Xue, said to secretly connect with Huai Pu in the south and extend northward to reach the Yellow River. Directly opposite the cave is an islet known as Fu Zhu.
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成公子安《大河賦》曰：鱣鯉王鮪，暮春來遊。《周禮》：春薦鮪。然非時及佗處則無。故河自鮪穴已上，又兼鮪稱。《呂氏春秋》稱：武王伐紂至鮪水，紂使膠鬲候周師。即是處也。 |
| | Cheng Gongzi An's "Fu of the Great River" states: The zhan, li, and wang fu fish come to swim here in late spring. The "Zhou Li" says: In spring, Fu is presented as an offering. However, at other times or in other places, it does not exist. Therefore, from above the Fu cave upward along the river, the name "Fu" is also used alongside its designation. The "Lü Shi Chun Qiu" states: When King Wu campaigned against Zhou and reached Fu Shui, Zhou sent Jiao Ge to observe the Zhou forces. This refers to this very location.
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洛水從縣西，北流注之。 |
| | The Luo Shui flows from the west of the xian, flowing northward into it.
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洛水于鞏縣，東逕洛汭，北對琅邪渚，入于河，謂之洛口矣。自縣西來，而北流注河，清濁異流，皦焉殊別。 |
| | The Luo Shui, at Gong Xian, flows east past Luo Rui, facing Langya Zhu to the north before entering the river; this confluence is known as Luokou. Coming from the west of the xian and flowing northward into the Yellow River, the clear and turbid waters flow separately, distinctly different in appearance.
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應瑒《靈河賦》曰：資靈川之遐源，出崑崙之神丘，涉津洛之阪泉，播九道于中州者也。 |
| | Ying Yang's "Fu of the Ling River" states: Drawing from the distant source of a spiritual river, emerging from the divine hills of Kunlun, crossing the banks and springs at Jinluo, it spreads across nine channels in Zhongzhou.
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又東過成臯縣北，濟水從北來注之。 |
| | It flows east again past Chenggao Xian to the north; the Ji Shui comes from the north and joins it.
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河水自洛口又東，左逕平臯縣南，又東逕懷縣南，濟水故道之所入，與成臯分河。河水右逕黃馬坂北，謂之黃馬關。孫登之去楊駿，作書與洛中故人處也。河水又東逕旋門坂北，今成臯西大坂者也。升陟此坂，而東趣成臯也。 |
| | The Yellow River, after Luokou, flows east again and passes to the south of Pinggao Xian on its left bank. It then continues east past Huai Xian to the south; this is where the old course of Ji Shui entered, separating from Chenggao into the river. The Yellow River flows past Huangma Ban to its north on the right bank; this is known as Huangma Guan. This was where Sun Deng left Yang Jun and wrote a letter to his old friends in Luozhong. The Yellow River again flows past Xuanmen Ban to the north; this is now the large plateau west of Chenggao. Ascending or descending this plateau leads eastward toward Chenggao.
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曹大家《東征賦》曰：望河、洛之交流，看成臯之旋門者也。河水又東逕成臯大伾山下，《爾雅》曰：山一成謂之伾。許慎、呂忱等，竝以為丘一成也。孔安國以為再成曰伾，亦或以為地名，非也。 |
| | Cao Dajia's "Fu of the Eastern Expedition" states: Looking at the converging flows of He and Luo, one sees Xuanmen in Chenggao. The Yellow River again flows eastward past the foot of Dapi Shan in Chenggao. The "Er Ya" says: A mountain with one level is called Pi. Xu Shen, Lü Chen and others all consider it to refer to a hill with one level as well. Kong Anguo believed that "two levels" is called Pi, but this is also sometimes considered merely a place name—an interpretation which is incorrect.
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《尚書·禹貢》曰：過洛汭，至大伾者也。鄭康成曰：地也，沇出伾際矣。在河內脩武、武德之界，濟沇之水與滎播澤出入自此。然則大伾即是山矣。伾北，即《經》所謂濟水從北來注之者也。今濟水自溫縣入河，不于此也。所入者，奉溝水耳，即濟沇之故瀆矣。成臯縣之故城在伾上，縈帶伾阜，絶岸峻周，高四十許丈，城張翕險，崎而不平。 |
| | The "Shang Shu: Yu Gong" states: This refers to passing through Luo Rui and reaching Dapi. Zhang Kangcheng said: It is a place name; Yan River originates at the base of Pi Shan. It lies on the border between Hedong Xiuwu and Wude; the Ji Yan Shui and Yingbo Ze flow in and out from here. Therefore, Dapi is indeed this mountain. To the north of Pi Shan is where the "Jing" refers to Ji Shui coming from the north and joining it. Nowadays, Ji Shui enters the Yellow River at Wen Xian, not here. What it joins is Fugou Shui; this was formerly the old channel of Ji Yan Shui. The former Chenggao Xian fortress is located on the upper part of Dapi Shan. It winds around the mountain, with steep and high banks surrounding it; the city wall rises about forty zhang in height. The fortifications are perilous and uneven.
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《春秋傳》曰：制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉，即東虢也。魯襄公二年七月，晉成公與諸侯會于戚，遂城虎牢以逼鄭求平也。蓋脩故耳。 |
| | The "Chunqiu Zhuan" states: Zhi was a fortified city; Guo Shu died there—this refers to the Eastern Guo state. In the seventh month of the second year of Duke Xiang's reign in Lu, Duke Cheng of Jin and feudal lords met at Qi. They then built the city of Hulao to pressure Zheng into seeking peace. This was likely a restoration of an old site.
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《穆天子傳》曰：天子射鳥獵獸于鄭圃，命虞人掠林，有虎在于葭中，天子將至，七萃之士高奔戎生捕虎而獻之天子，命之為柙，畜之東虢，是曰虎牢矣。然則虎牢之名，自此始也。秦以為關，漢乃縣之。城西北隅有小城，周三里，北面列觀，臨河岧岧孤上。景明中，言之壽春，路值茲邑，升眺清遠，勢盡川陸，羈途遊至，有傷深情。河水南對玉門，昔漢祖與騰公潛出，濟于是處也。門東對臨河，側岸有土穴，魏攻北司州刺史毛德祖于虎牢，戰經二百日，不克。城惟一井，井深四十丈，山勢峻峭，不容防捍，潛作地道取井。余頃因公至彼，故往尋之，其穴處猶存。河水又東合汜水，水南出浮戲山，世謂之曰方山也。北流合東關水。水出蒿渚之山，泉發于層阜之上，一源兩枝，分流瀉注，世謂之石泉水也。東為索水，西為東關之水。西北流，楊蘭水注之，水出非山，西北流注東關水。東關水又西北，清水入焉。水自東浦西流，與東關水合，而亂流注于汜。汜水又北，右合石城水，水出石城山，其山複澗重嶺，欹疊若城，山頂泉流，瀑布懸瀉，下有濫泉，東流洩注，邊有數十石畦，畦有數野蔬，巖側石窟數口，隱跡存焉，而不知誰所經始也。又東北流注于汜水。汜水又北合鄤水，水西出婁山，至冬則煖，故世謂之溫泉。東北流逕田鄤谷，謂之田鄤溪水，東流注于汜水。汜水又北逕虎牢城東，漢破司馬欣、曹咎于是水之上。汜水又北流注于河。《征艱賦》所謂步汜口之芳草，弔周襄之鄙館者也。余按昔儒之論，周襄所居在潁川襄城縣，是乃城名，非為水目，原夫致謬之由，俱以汜鄭為名故也，是為爽矣。又按郭緣生《述征記》、劉澄之《永初記》，竝言高祖即帝位于是水之陽，今不復知舊壇所在，盧諶、崔雲亦言是矣。余按：高皇帝受天命于定陶汜水，不在此也。于是求壇，故無髣髴矣。河水又東逕板城北，有津，謂之板城渚口。河水又東逕五龍塢北，塢臨長河，有五龍祠。應劭云：崑崙山廟在河南滎陽縣。疑即此祠，所未詳。 |
| | The "Mu Tianzi Zhuan" states: The Son of Heaven hunted birds and beasts in Zhengpu, ordering the foresters to clear the woods. A tiger was found among the reeds; as the Son of Heaven approached, a soldier from the Qi Cui unit named Gaobunrong captured it alive and presented it to him. He ordered it placed in a cage and kept at Dongguo—this is where Hulao got its name. Therefore, the name "Hulao" originated from this event. The Qin dynasty established it as a pass; the Han dynasty made it into a xian (county). At the northwest corner of the city is a small fortress, with a circumference of three li. On its northern side are rows of pavilions; it stands tall and isolated above the riverbank. During the Jingming period, when traveling to Shouchun, one passes through this county. Looking up from a high place toward Qingyuan, the terrain of rivers and land stretches out completely; detained on the journey with leisurely travel here, it stirs deep feelings of sorrow. The Yellow River faces Yumen to the south; in ancient times, Emperor Gaozu of Han and Peng Gong secretly passed through here, crossing at this location. To the east of the gate is Linhe; on the side of the riverbank there are earthen caves. During the Wei dynasty, forces attacked Pei Zhizhou Shuzhi Mao Dezǔ at Hulao, waging battle for two hundred days without success. The city had only one well; the well was forty zhang deep. The mountain terrain was steep and rugged, making it impossible to defend openly, so a secret underground passage was dug to access the well. I recently went there on official business and thus went to search for it; the location of the cave still exists. The Yellow River then flows eastward, converging with the Si Shui. The Si Shui originates to the south of Fuxi Shan; it is commonly called Fangshan. It flows north and joins the Dongguan Shui. The water originates from Haozhu Shan; the spring emerges on a high terrace, with one source splitting into two branches. The waters flow separately and cascade downward; this is commonly known as Shiqiong Water. The eastern branch becomes Suo Shui, while the western one is Dongguan Shuǐ. It flows northwestward; Yanglan Shui joins it. The Yanglan Shui originates from Fei Shan, flowing northwest to join the Dongguan Shuí. The Dongguan Shuǐ then flows northwestward again; Qingshui enters it. The water flows west from Dongpu, joining the Dongguan Shuǐ and then flowing in a disorderly manner into Si Shui. The Si Shui flows north again, and on its right bank joins the Shicheng Shuǐ. The Shicheng Shui originates from Shicheng Shan; this mountain has deep ravines and overlapping ridges, with steep rock layers stacked like a city wall. Spring water flows from the mountaintop, cascading down as waterfalls. Below is an abundant spring that flows eastward in a gushing stream. Alongside are dozens of stone-terraced fields, each planted with several kinds of wild vegetables. On the mountain side there are several rock caves; traces of human activity remain hidden within, but no one knows who first built them. It then flows northeastward and joins the Si Shui. The Si Shui again flows north to join Weng Shui, which originates from the west of Lou Shan. In winter it remains warm; thus, people commonly call it Wenquan (Warm Spring). It flows northeast through Tianweng Gu and is called Tianweng Xi Shui. It then flows eastward to join the Si Shui. The Si Shui again flows north past the eastern side of Hulao Cheng; during the Han dynasty, Sima Xin and Cao Gou were defeated here along this river. The Si Shui then flows northward to join the Yellow River. This is what is referred to in "Zhengjian Fu" as "treading on fragrant grass at Fusikou, and mourning the humble guesthouse of Duke Xiang of Zhou." I have examined the arguments of past scholars, who claim that Duke Xiang of Zhou resided in Xiangcheng Xian, Yingchuan. This is a city name, not referring to a river. The reason for this error lies in both cases using "Si Zheng" as their names; thus, confusion arises. Furthermore, according to Guo Yuansheng's "Shuzheng Ji" and Liu Chengzhi's "Yongchu Ji," it is stated that Emperor Gaozu ascended the throne on the south bank of this river. Today, however, no one knows where the old altar stood; Lu Chen and Cui Yun also mention this. I have verified: Emperor Gao received his mandate from Heaven at Dingtao Si Shui, not here. Therefore, in seeking the altar, there is now no trace of it. The Yellow River again flows east past Bancheng to the north; there is a ferry crossing here, known as Ban Cheng Zhu Kou. The Yellow River again flows eastward past Wulong Wu to the north; this wu faces the long river, and there is a temple dedicated to the Five Dragons. Ying Shao said: The Temple of Kunlun Shan is located in Henan Xingyang Xian. It may be this temple, but the details are uncertain.
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又東過滎陽縣北，蒗蕩渠出焉。 |
| | It flows east past Xingyang Xian to the north; Langdang Qu originates here.
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大禹塞滎澤，開之以通淮、泗。即《經》所謂蒗蕩渠也。漢平帝之世，河、汴決壞，未及得脩，汴渠東侵，日月彌廣，門閭故處，皆在水中。漢明帝永平十二年，議治汳渠，上乃引樂浪人王景問水形便，景陳利害，應對敏捷，帝甚善之，乃賜《山海經》、《河渠書》、《禹貢圖》及以錢帛。後作隄，發卒數十萬，詔景與將作謁者王吳治渠，築隄防脩堨，起自滎陽，東至千乘海口，千有餘里，景乃商度地勢，鑿山開澗，防遏衝要，疏決壅積，十里一水門，更相迴注，無復滲漏之患。明年渠成，帝親巡行，詔濱河郡國置河隄員吏，如西京舊制。景由是顯名，王吳及諸從事者，皆增秩一等。順帝陽嘉中，又自汴口以東，緣河積石，為堰通渠，咸曰金隄。靈帝建寧中，又增脩石門，以遏渠口，水盛則通注，津耗則輟流。河水又東北逕卷之扈亭北，《春秋左傳》曰：文公七年，晉趙盾與諸侯盟于扈。《竹書紀年》：晉出公十二年，河絶于扈。即于是也。河水又東逕八激隄北。漢安帝永初七年，令謁者太山于岑，于石門東積石八所，皆如小山，以捍衝波，謂之八激隄。河水又東逕卷縣北，晉、楚之戰，晉軍爭濟，舟中之指可掬，楚莊祀河告成而還，即是處也。河水又東北逕赤岸固北，而東北注。 |
| | Dayu blocked the Xingze and opened it up to connect with the Huai and Si rivers. This is what the "Jing" refers to as Langdang Qu. During the reign of Emperor Ping of Han, both the Yellow River and Bian Shui broke their banks and were not repaired in time. The Bian Qu shifted eastward, gradually expanding its reach; former gateways and dwellings all became submerged beneath water. In the twelfth year of the Yongping reign period under Emperor Ming of Han, discussions arose about repairing the Bian Qu. The emperor summoned Wang Jing from Lelang to consult on the topography and water conditions. Wang Jing presented a detailed analysis of advantages and disadvantages with quick responses; the emperor was highly pleased and thus bestowed upon him "Shanhai Jing," "Hequ Shu," "Yugong Tu," as well as money and silk. Later, when building dikes, tens of thousands of conscripted laborers were mobilized. The emperor ordered Wang Jing and the official Wang Wu from Jiaozuo to oversee the channel construction, build dikes for protection, and repair weirs. Starting at Xingyang and extending eastward to Qiansheng Haikou, over a thousand li in total length, Wang Jing carefully surveyed the terrain, carved through mountains and opened gullies, blocked critical flood-prone areas, cleared obstructions, and constructed a water gate every ten li. These gates were interconnected for controlled flow, eliminating further problems of seepage or leakage. The following year the channel was completed, and the emperor personally inspected it. He issued an edict ordering all commanderies and states along the river to appoint officials responsible for dikes in accordance with the old system of the Western capital. Wang Jing thus became famous; Wang Wu and all those who had participated in the project were promoted by one rank. During the Yangjia period of Emperor Shun, from Biankou to the east along the river, stone embankments were built and channels connected; all these works were collectively called Jindi. During the Jianning period of Emperor Ling, stone gates were further reinforced to control the channel's mouth; when water levels rose, it flowed freely, but during low flow periods, the current was cut off. The Yellow River again flows northeast past Juan Zhi Huting to the north. The "Zuo Zhuan" of the "Chunqiu" states: In the seventh year of Duke Wen's reign, Zhao Dun of Jin formed an alliance with feudal lords at Hu. The "Zhu Shu Ji Nian" records: In the twelfth year of Duke Chugong's reign in Jin, the river dried up at Hu. This is referring to that event. The Yellow River again flows east, passing the northern side of Baji Dike. In the seventh year of the Yongchu reign period under Emperor An of Han, an imperial official named Yu Cen from Taishan was ordered to construct eight stone accumulations east of Shimen. Each was as large as a small hill, built to resist surging waves; these were called Baji Dike. The Yellow River again flows east and passes the northern side of Juan Xian. During a battle between Jin and Chu, Jin forces vied to cross the river; so many fingers were lost in the boats that they could be gathered up by hand. The ruler of Chu, Zhuang Wang, made an offering to the river gods before returning—this was the location. The Yellow River again flows northeastward past Chian Gu to the north and then turns further northeast.
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又東北過武德縣東，沁水從西北來注之。 |
| | It then flows northeast past Wude Xian to the east, with Qin Shui coming from the northwest to join it.
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河水自武德縣。漢獻帝延康元年，封曹叡為侯國，即魏明帝也。東至酸棗縣西，濮水東出焉。漢興三十有九年，孝文時，河決酸棗，東潰金隄，大發卒塞之。故班固云：文堙棗野，武作《瓠歌》。謂斷此口也。今無水。河水又東北，通謂之延津。石勒之襲劉曜，途出于此，以河冰泮為神靈之助，號是處為靈昌津。昔澹臺子羽齎千金之璧渡河，陽侯波起，兩蛟夾舟。子羽曰：吾可以義求，不可以威劫。操劒斬蛟，蛟死波休，乃投璧于河。三投而輒躍出，乃毀璧而去，示無吝意。趙建武中，造浮橋于津上，採石為中濟，石無大小，下輒流去，用工百萬，經年不就。石虎親閱作工，沈璧于河，明日，璧流渚上，波蕩上岸，遂斬匠而還。河水又逕東燕縣故城北，河水于是有棘津之名，亦謂之石濟津，故南津也。《春秋·僖公二十八年》，晉將伐曹，曹在衛東，假道于衛，衛人不許，還自南河濟，即此也。晉伐陸渾，亦于此渡。宋元嘉中，遣輔國將軍蕭斌，率寧朔將軍王玄謨北入，宣威將軍垣護之，以水軍守石濟，即此處也。河水又東，淇水入焉。又東逕遮害亭南，《漢書·溝洫志》曰：在淇水口東十八里，有金隄，隄高一丈。自淇口東，地稍下，隄稍高，至遮害亭，高四五丈。又有宿胥口，舊河水北入處也。河水又東，右逕滑臺城北，城有三重，中小城謂之滑臺城，舊傳滑臺人自脩築此城，因以名焉。城即故鄭廪延邑也，下有延津。 |
| | The Yellow River originates at Wude Xian. lords In the first year of the Yankang reign period under Emperor Xian of Han, Cao Rui was enfeoffed as a marquis; this refers to Emperor Mingdi of Wei. It flows eastward until reaching the west side of Suanzao Xian, where Pu Shui branches off to the east. Ninety-three years after the founding of the Han dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Wendi, the Yellow River broke at Suanzao and surged eastward through Jindi. A large number of conscripted soldiers were mobilized to block it up. Hence, Ban Gu said: "Wendi blocked the flood in Zaye; Wudi composed 'Hu Ge.'" This refers to sealing this breach. There is no water here now. The Yellow River again flows northeast, and this section is commonly called Yanjin. When Shi Le launched a surprise attack on Liu Yao, he passed through this place; the river ice had melted, which he regarded as divine assistance. He named this location Lingchang Jin. In the past, Dantai Ziyu carried a thousand-jin jade across the river when sudden waves arose from Yanghou, and two dragons encircled his boat. Ziyu said: I can be moved by righteousness, but not intimidated by force. He drew his sword and beheaded the dragons; with their deaths, the waves calmed, so he cast the jade into the river. Three times he threw it in and each time the jade surfaced; thus, he smashed the jade and left, demonstrating no reluctance. During the Jianwu period of the Zhao dynasty, a floating bridge was constructed at this ferry. Stones were gathered to form a central crossing; regardless of their size, stones placed there would be swept away by the current. Millions of man-hours were spent, yet after many years it remained unfinished. Shi Hu personally inspected the construction work and cast a jade into the river. The next day, the jade was found on a sandbar, having been pushed ashore by waves; he then beheaded the craftsman and returned. The Yellow River again flows past the northern side of the former Dongyan Xian fortress. At this point, the river is known as Jijin; it is also called Shiji Jin and was formerly Nanjin. In the twenty-eighth year of Duke Xi's reign in "Chunqiu," when Jin planned to attack Cao, which lay east of Wei, they requested passage through Wei territory. The people of Wei refused, so they returned and crossed the river at Nanhe—this was here. When Jin attacked Lukun, they also crossed here. During the Yuanjia period of the Song dynasty, General Fu Guo Jiangjun Xiao Bin was dispatched to lead Ningshuo Jiangjun Wang Xuanmo northward. Xuanchui Jiangjun Yuan Huzhi commanded naval forces to defend Shiji—this location is here. The Yellow River flows east again, and Qi Shui enters it. It again flows east past the southern side of Zhaihai Ting. The "Gou Xu Zhi" in the "Han Shu" states: Eighteen li to the east of Qi Shui Kou is a stone dike, with an elevation of one zhang. From Qi Kou to the east, the terrain gradually lowers and the dikes rise accordingly; by Zhaihai Ting, they reach a height of four or five zhang. There is also Susu Kou, which was an old location where the Yellow River flowed northward into another waterway. The Yellow River again flows east; on its right bank it passes the northern side of Huatai Cheng. The city has three layers, with the middle and smaller one called Huatai Cheng. It is said that people from Huatai built this fortress themselves, hence the name. This city was formerly Lingyan Yi of Zheng; below it lies Yanjin.
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《春秋傳》曰：孔悝為蒯聵所逐，載伯姬于平陽，行于延津是也。廪延南故城，即衛之平陽亭也，今時人謂此津為延壽津。宋元嘉中，右將軍到彥之，留建威將軍朱脩之守此城，魏軍南伐，脩之執節不下，其母悲憂，一旦乳汁驚出，母乃號踊，告家人曰：我年老，非有乳時，今忽如此，吾兒必没矣。脩之絶援，果以其日陷没。城，故東郡治。 |
| | The "Chunqiu Zhuan" states: Kong Kui was driven out by Kuai Kai, who took Bo Ji to Pingyang and passed through Yanjin—this is the location. The former southern city of Lingyan was the Pingyang Ting of Wei; today, people call this ferry Yanjiu Jin. During the Yuanjia period in the Song dynasty, Right Jiangjun Dao Yanzhi left Jianwei Jiangjun Zhu Xiu zhi to defend this city. When Wei forces launched a southern campaign, Xiu zhi remained steadfast and did not surrender. His mother was filled with sorrow and worry; one day, her milk suddenly flowed unexpectedly. She cried out in anguish and told her family: "I am old and should no longer have milk, yet now it flows so suddenly—my son must be dead." With no reinforcements, Xiu zhi was indeed captured on that very day. This city was the former seat of Dongjun Commandery.
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《續漢書》曰：延熹九年，濟陰、東郡、濟北、平原河水清。襄楷上疏曰：《春秋》注記未有河清，而今有之。 |
| | The "Xu Han Shu" states: In the ninth year of Yuanxi, the Yellow River in Ji Yin, Dongjun, Jibei, and Pingyuan turned clear. Xiang Kai submitted a memorial stating: "The 'Chunqiu' records have no mention of the Yellow River turning clear, yet it is happening now."
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《易乾鑿度》曰：上天將降嘉應，河水先清。 |
| | The "Yi Qian Zao Du" states: When Heaven is about to bestow blessings and auspicious signs, the Yellow River turns clear first.
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《京房易傳》曰：河水清，天下平，天垂異，地吐妖，民厲疫，三者並作而有河清。《春秋》，麟不當見而見，孔子書以為異。河者，諸侯之象；清者，陽明之徵。豈獨諸侯有窺京師也。明年，宮車宴駕，徵解瀆侯為漢嗣，是為靈帝。建寧四年二月，河水又清也。 |
| | The "Jing Fang Yi Zhuan" states: When the Yellow River turns clear, it signifies peace throughout the land. Heaven displays an omen; the earth produces monsters; and among the people, plagues arise—these three phenomena occurring together are accompanied by a river turning clear. In "Chunqiu," when a qilin appeared at an inappropriate time, Confucius recorded it as an unusual event. The Yellow River symbolizes feudal lords; Clarity is a sign of yang brightness. This does not merely indicate that feudal lords are plotting against the capital. The following year, the emperor passed away; Zheng Jiedu Hou was chosen as heir to the Han throne and became Emperor Ling. In the second month of the fourth year of Jianning, the Yellow River turned clear again.
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又東北過黎陽縣南， |
| | It then flows northeast past the southern side of Liyang Xian.
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黎，侯國也。《詩·式微》，黎侯寓于衛是也。晉灼曰：黎山在其南，河水逕其東。其山上《碑》云：縣取山之名，取水之陽，以為名也。王莽之黎蒸也。今黎山之東北故城，蓋黎陽縣之故城也。山在城西，城憑山為基，東阻于河。 |
| | Liyang was a marquisate. This is the "Shi Wei" poem in the "Shijing," referring to Li Hou taking refuge in Wei. Jin Zhuo said: Lishan is located to its south, and the Yellow River flows past its east side. An inscription on the mountain states: The county took its name from the mountain and the southern bank of the river. It was called Lizheng during the reign of Wang Mang. The old city to the northeast of Lishan today is likely the former site of Liyang Xian's ancient city. The mountain lies west of the city, and the city was built with the mountain as its foundation, blocked to the east by the river.
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故劉楨《黎陽山賦》曰：南蔭黃河，左覆金城，青壇承祀，高碑頌靈。昔慕容玄明自鄴率衆南徙滑臺，既無舟楫，將保黎陽，昬而流凘冰合，于夜中濟訖，旦而冰泮，燕民謂是處為天橋津。東岸有故城，險帶長河，戴延之謂之逯明壘，周二十里，言逯明，石勒十八騎中之一，城因名焉。郭緣生曰：城，袁紹時築。皆非也。余按《竹書紀年》，梁惠成王十一年，鄭釐侯使許息來致地，平丘、戶牖、首垣諸邑，及鄭馳道，我取枳道與鄭鹿，即是城也。今城內有故臺，尚謂之鹿鳴臺，又謂之鹿鳴城。王玄謨自滑臺走鹿鳴者也。濟取名焉，故亦曰鹿鳴津，又曰白馬濟。津之東南有白馬城，衛文公東徙，渡河都之，故濟取名焉。袁紹遣顏良攻東郡太守劉延于白馬，關羽為曹公斬良以報效，即此處也。白馬有韋鄉、韋城，故津亦有韋津之稱。《史記》所謂下脩武，渡韋津者也。河水舊于白馬縣南泆通濮、濟、黃溝，故蘇代說燕曰：決白馬之口，魏無黃、濟陽。《竹書紀年》，梁惠成王十二年，楚師出河水，以水長垣之外者也。金隄既建，故渠水斷，尚謂之白馬瀆，故瀆東逕鹿鳴城南，又東北逕白馬縣之涼城北。《耆舊傳》云：東郡白馬縣之神馬亭，實中層峙，南北二百步，東西五十許步，狀丘斬城也。自外耕耘墾斫，削落平盡，正南有躔陛陟上，方軌是由，西南側城有神馬寺，樹木脩整，西去白馬津可二十許里，東南距白馬縣故城可五十里，疑即《開山圖》之所謂白馬山也。山上常有白馬羣行，悲鳴則河決，馳走則山崩。《注》云：山在鄭北，故鄭也，所未詳。劉澄之云：有白馬塞，孟達登之長歎。可謂于川土疎妄矣。亭上舊置涼城縣，治此。白馬瀆又東南逕濮陽縣，散入濮水，所在決會，更相通注，以成往復也。河水自津東北逕涼城縣，河北有般祠。《孟氏記》云：祠在河中，積石為基，河水漲盛，恒與水齊。 |
| | Therefore, Liu Zhen's "Fu of Liyang Mountain" says: To the south it is shaded by the Yellow River; to the left it covers Jin Cheng. A green altar receives sacrifices, and a tall stele praises its spirit. In the past, Murong Xuanming led his troops from Ye southward to Hua Tai. Lacking boats and rafts, he intended to take refuge in Liyang. As dusk fell, flowing ice froze over; by nightfall, they had crossed completely, and at dawn the ice melted again. The people of Yan called this place Tianqiao Jin. On the eastern bank there is an old city, perilously situated along the long river. Dai Yan Zhi called it Lu Ming Lei. The city wall was twenty li in circumference; they said that Lu Ming was one of Shi Le's eighteen horsemen, and thus the city took its name from him. Guo Yuansheng said: The city was built during Yuan Shao's time. All of these are incorrect. Upon examining the "Zhu Shu Ji Nian," in the eleventh year of King Houcheng of Liang, Zheng Lihou sent Xu Xi to cede territory, including Ping Qiu, Hu You, Shou Yuan and other towns, as well as the Zheng express road. We took Zhidao from them and gave them Zhu Lu; this was that city. There is now an old terrace inside the city, still called Luming Tai, and also known as Luming Cheng. This was where Wang Xunmo fled from Hua Tai to Luming. The crossing took its name accordingly, so it is also called Luming Jin and Bai Ma Ji. To the southeast of the crossing there is a city named Ba Ma Cheng; Duke Wen of Wei moved east and established his capital here after crossing the river, so the ferry took its name from it. Yuan Shao sent Yan Liang to attack Liu Yan, the governor of Dongjun, at Ba Ma. Guan Yu killed Yan Liang for Cao Gong in return and demonstrated his loyalty; this was the location. Ba Ma has Wei Xiang and Wei Cheng, so the crossing is also known as Wei Jin. This is what the "Shiji" refers to as descending from Xiuxiu Wu and crossing at Wei Jin. The Yellow River previously flowed through the southern part of Ba Ma Xian, connecting to Pu, Ji, and Huang Gou. Therefore, Su Dai persuaded Yan by saying: "Diverting the river at Ba Ma's mouth would leave Wei without access to the Huang or Ji rivers in Yang." According to "Zhu Shu Ji Nian," in the twelfth year of King Houcheng's reign, the Chu army crossed the Yellow River and flooded the area outside Changyuan. After the Jin Di embankment was built, the old channel dried up. It is still called Ba Ma Du. The old channel flows east past the southern side of Luming Cheng and then northeast past the northern side of Liang Cheng in Ba Ma Xian. The "Qi Jiu Zhuan" states: The Shenma Ting in Ba Ma Xian of Dongjun is actually a central ridge, 200 bu long from north to south and about 50 bu wide from east to west. It resembles a hill cutting through the city. From the outside, farming and land reclamation have taken place, leveling everything completely. Directly to the south is a path leading upward with steps; this is where carriages pass in formation. On the southwest side of the city there is Shenma Si, with neatly arranged trees. To the west from here, Ba Ma Jin is about twenty bu away, and to the southeast, the former site of Ba Ma Xian's old city is approximately fifty li distant. It is likely what the "Kai Shan Tu" refers to as Ba Ma Shan. White horses are often seen moving in herds on the mountain; when they mournfully neigh, the river breaks its banks, and when they gallop, mountains collapse. The "Zhu" states: The mountain is located north of Zheng, hence it belongs to Zheng; the details are not yet clear. Liu Chengzhi said: There was a Ba Ma Sai pass, where Meng Da ascended and sighed deeply. This can truly be called an inaccurate description of the land and rivers. An old Liang Cheng Xian was established at this location, with its administrative seat here. Ba Ma Du then flows southeast past Puyang Xian, dispersing into the Pu Shui. Wherever it breaks through or converges, it connects and interflows to form a reciprocating system. The Yellow River flows northeast from the crossing past Liang Cheng Xian; on its northern bank is Ban Ci. The "Meng Shi Ji" states: The shrine is located in the river, built on a foundation of piled stones; when the river swells, its level always rises to match the water.
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戴氏《西征記》曰：今見祠在東岸，臨河累石為壁，其屋宇容身而已。殊似無靈，不如孟氏所記，將恐言之過也。河水又東北，逕伍子胥廟南，祠在北岸頓丘郡界，臨側長河。廟前有碑，魏青龍三年立。河水又東北為長壽津。 |
| | Dai Shi's "Xi Zheng Ji" says: Today, one can see the shrine on the eastern bank, with walls made of stacked stones along the river; its buildings are only large enough to shelter a person. This seems quite different from being spiritual, not matching what Meng Shi recorded; it is likely an exaggerated account. The Yellow River then flows northeast, passing to the south of Wuzixu Miao. The shrine is located on the northern bank within Dunqiu Jun's territory, situated right beside the long river. There is a stele in front of the temple, erected in the third year of Qinglong in the Wei dynasty. The Yellow River then flows northeast to become Changshou Jin.
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《述征記》曰：涼城到長壽津六十里，河之故瀆出焉。 |
| | "The Shu Zheng Ji" says: From Liang Cheng to Changshou Jin is sixty li, and the old channel of the river branches off from there.
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《漢書·溝洫志》曰：河之為中國害尤甚，故導河自積石，歷龍門，二渠以引河。一則漯川，今所流也。一則北瀆，王莽時空，故世俗名是瀆為王莽河也。故瀆東北逕戚城西。《春秋·哀公二年》，晉趙鞅率師，納衛太子蒯聵于戚，宵迷，陽虎曰：右河而南必至焉。今頓丘衛國縣西戚亭是也。為衛之河上邑。漢高帝十二年，封將軍李必為侯國矣。故瀆又逕繁陽縣故城東，《史記》，趙將廉頗伐魏取繁陽者也。北逕陰安縣故城西，漢武帝元朔五年，封衛不疑為侯國。故瀆又東北逕樂昌縣故城東，《地理志》，東郡之屬縣也，漢宣帝封王稚君為侯國。故瀆又東北逕平邑郭西，《竹書紀年》：晉烈公四年，趙城平邑；五年，田公子居思伐邯鄲，圍平邑。九年，齊田肸及邯鄲韓舉，戰于平邑，邯鄲之帥敗逋，獲韓舉，取平邑新城。又東北逕元城縣故城西北，而至沙丘堰。 |
| | The "Hanshu · Gou Xu Zhi" states: The Yellow River has been particularly harmful to China, so efforts were made to divert the river from Jishiqi, through Longmen, using two channels to guide its flow. One of them is Tachuang, which is the current course of the river. The other was Beidu, which dried up during Wang Mang's time; thus, it is commonly known as Wangmang He. The old channel flows northeast past the western side of Qi Cheng. In the "Chunqiu · Gao Gong Er Nian," Jin Zhao Mang led an army to escort Wei's crown prince Kuaike into Qi. At night, they became lost; Yang Hu said: "Following the river on our right and heading south will surely lead us there." This is now Qi Ting to the west of Weiguo Xian in Dunqiu. It was a town along the river for Wei. In the twelfth year of Emperor Gao Di's reign in the Han dynasty, General Li Bi was enfeoffed here as a marquisate. The old channel then flows past the eastern side of Fanyang Xian's former city. This is what the "Shiji" refers to as General Lian Po of Zhao attacking Wei and capturing Fanyang. It flows north past the western side of Yin'an Xian's former city; in the fifth year of Yuanshuo during Emperor Wu Di's reign, Wei Buyi was enfeoffed as a marquis here. The old channel then flows northeast past the eastern side of Lechang Xian's former city. According to the "Dili Zhi," it was a subordinate county of Dongjun; Emperor Xuan Di of Han enfeoffed Wang Zhijun as marquis here. The old channel then flows northeast and passes the western side of Pingyi Guo. According to "Zhu Shu Ji Nian," in the fourth year of King Liegong's reign, Zhao built a city at Pingyi; In the fifth year, Tian Gong Zi Jusi attacked Handan and besieged Pingyi. In the ninth year, Qi's Tian Xi and Handan's Han Ju fought a battle at Pingyi. The commander of Handan was defeated and fled; Han Ju was captured, and Pingyi Xincheng was taken by Qi. Then flowing northeast past the northwest side of Yuancheng Xian's former city, it reaches Shaqiu Yan.
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《史記》曰：魏武侯公子元食邑于此，故縣氏焉。郭東有五鹿墟，墟之左右多陷城。 |
| | The "Shiji" states: Gongzi Yuan, a son of Wei Wu Hou, was granted this fief; thus the county took its name. To the east of Guo is Wulu Xu, and on both sides of the ruins are many collapsed cities.
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《公羊》曰：襲邑也。 |
| | The "Gongyang Zhuan" says: It was a surprise attack on the city.
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《說》曰：襲，陷矣。 |
| | "The Shuo" states: Xī means to collapse or fall into ruin.
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《郡國志》曰：五鹿，故沙鹿，有沙亭。周穆王喪盛姬，東征舍于五鹿，其女叔㛗屆此思哭，是曰女㛗之丘，為沙鹿之異名也。《春秋左傳·僖公十四年》：沙鹿崩。晉史卜之，曰：陰為陽雄，土火相乘，故有沙鹿崩。後六百四十五年，宜有聖女興，其齊田乎？後王翁孺自濟南徙元城，正直其地，日月當之。王氏為舜後，土也。漢，火也，王禁生政君，其母夢見月入懷，年十八，詔入太子宮，生成帝，為元后。漢祚道汙，四世稱制，故曰：火土相乘而為雄也。及崩，大夫揚雄作誄曰：太陰之精，沙鹿之靈，作合于漢，配元生成者也。獻帝建安中，袁紹與曹操相禦于官渡，紹逼大司農鄭玄載病隨軍，屆此而卒。郡守已下受業者，衰絰赴者千餘人。玄注《五經》、《讖緯》、《候》、《歷》、《天文經》通于世，故范曄《贊》曰：孔書遂明，漢章中輟矣。縣北有沙丘堰，《尚書·禹貢》曰：北過降水。不遵其道曰降，亦曰潰，至于大陸，北播為九河。 |
| | The "Jun Guo Zhi" says: Wulu was formerly Shalu, and had a Sha Ting. King Mu of Zhou mourned the death of Sheng Ji, and during his eastern expedition he stayed at Wulu. His daughter Shushen came here to grieve and weep; this place was called Nushen Zhi Qiu, an alternative name for Shalu. "Zuo Zhuan · Xi Gong Shi Si Nian" of the "Chunqiu": The mountain of Shalu collapsed. The Jin dynasty historian divined it, saying: "Yin becomes Yang's dominance; earth and fire interact, hence the collapse of Shalu." Six hundred and forty-five years later, there should be a holy woman who rises to prominence—could it be from Qi's Tian clan? Later, Wang Wengru moved from Jinan to Yuancheng; this place is directly aligned with the location, where the sun and moon align. The Wang clan was a descendant of Shun, associated with the earth element. The Han dynasty was associated with fire; Wang Jin gave birth to Zhengjun. Her mother dreamed of the moon entering her arms, and at eighteen she was summoned into the crown prince's palace, giving birth to Emperor Chengdi, becoming Empress Yuan. The Han dynasty's mandate became corrupt; for four generations, women held power and ruled in the emperor's name. Hence it is said: "Fire and earth interact to produce dominance." When she died, the official Yang Xiong composed a eulogy saying: "The essence of Taiyin, the spirit of Shalu—united with Han, they matched Yuan Sheng Cheng." During the Jianan period of Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao confronted each other at Guandu. Yuan Shao forced Da Siniang V Zheng Xuan to accompany his army despite illness; he died here. More than a thousand students and officials below the level of jun shou attended his funeral, wearing mourning clothes to pay their respects. Zheng Xuan annotated the "Five Classics," as well as works on divination, astronomy, calendars, and celestial phenomena, all of which became widely known in his time. Hence Fan Ye's "Zan" says: "Confucian teachings were clarified once more; Han dynasty scholarship was interrupted." To the north of the county is Shaqiu Yan. The "Shangshu · Yu Gong" says: It flows north past Jiang Shui. When the river does not follow its course, it is called Jiang; it may also be referred to as Kui. It reaches Dalu and spreads northward into the Nine Rivers.
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《風俗通》曰：河播也，播為九河自此始也。《禹貢》沇州：九河既道，謂徒駭、太史、馬頰、覆釜、胡蘇、簡、潔、句盤、鬲津也，同為逆河。鄭玄曰：下尾合曰逆河。言相迎受矣。蓋疏潤下之勢，以通河海，及齊桓霸世，塞廣田居，同為一河，故自堰以北，館陶、廮陶、貝丘、鬲、般、廣川、信都、東光、河間樂城以東，城地竝存，川瀆多亡。漢世河決金隄，南北離其害，議者常欲求九河故迹而穿之，未知其所。是以班固云：自茲距漢北，亡八枝者也。河之故瀆，自沙丘堰南分，屯氏河出焉。河水故瀆東北逕發干縣故城西，又屆逕其北，王莽之所謂戢楯矣。漢武帝以大將軍衛青破右賢王功，封其子登為侯國。大河故瀆又東逕貝丘縣故城南。應劭曰：《左氏傳》，齊襄公田于貝丘是也。余按京相璠、杜預竝言在博昌，即司馬彪《郡國志》所謂貝中聚者也。應《注》于此事近違矣。大河故瀆又東逕甘陵縣故城南，《地理志》之所謂厝也，王莽改曰厝治者也。漢安帝父孝德皇，以太子被廢為王，薨于此，乃葬其地，尊陵曰甘陵，縣亦取名焉。桓帝建和二年，改清河曰甘陵。是周之甘泉市地也。陵在瀆北，丘墳高巨，雖中經發壞，猶若層陵矣，世謂之唐侯冢。城曰邑城，皆非也。昔南陽文叔良，以建安中為甘陵丞，夜宿水側，趙人蘭襄夢求改葬，叔良明循水求棺，果于水側得棺，半許落水。叔良顧親舊曰：若聞人傳此，吾必以為不然。遂為移殯，醊而去之。大河故瀆又東逕艾亭城南，又東逕平晉城南，今城中有浮圖五層，上有金露盤，題云：趙建武八年，比釋道龍和上竺浮圖澄，樹德勸化，興立神廟。浮圖已壞，露盤尚存，煒煒有光明。大河故瀆又東北逕靈縣故城南，王莽之播亭也。河水于縣別出為鳴犢河。河水故瀆又東逕鄃縣故城東，呂后四年，以父嬰功，封子佗襲為侯國，王莽更名之曰善陸。大河故瀆又東逕平原縣故城西，而北絶屯氏三瀆，北逕繹幕縣故城東北，西流逕平原鬲縣故城西。 |
| | The "Fengsu Tong" says: He Bo was a place where the river spread; it is from here that the Nine Rivers began to branch out. The "Yu Gong" on Yan Zhou states: The Nine Rivers were already guided; they are Tu Hai, Tai Shi, Ma Jie, Fu Fu, Hu Su, Jian, Jie, Gou Pan, and Ge Jin. They all converged into the Ni He River. Zheng Xuan said: When rivers converge at their lower ends, they are called Ni He. This means that the rivers welcome and receive one another. This was done to guide the downward flow and connect the rivers with the sea. During Duke Huan of Qi's hegemony, large tracts of farmland were enclosed, and these rivers merged into a single river. Therefore, from Yan northward, cities such as Guantao, Yingtao, Beiqiu, Ge, Ban, Guangchuan, Xindu, Dongguang, and Le Cheng in Hejian to the east all still exist, but many of their former waterways have disappeared. During the Han dynasty, when the river broke through Jin Di, it caused disasters both to the north and south. Officials often proposed searching for the old courses of the Nine Rivers in order to dredge them again, but they did not know their exact locations. Therefore, Ban Gu said: "From this point northward to the Han River, eight branches have been lost." The old channel of the Yellow River branched off south of Shaqiu Yan, giving rise to Tunshi He. The old channel of the Yellow River flows northeast past the western side of Fagang Xian's former city and then turns north, which was known as Jishen during Wang Mang's reign. Emperor Wu of Han enfeoffed Wei Qing's son Deng as a marquis for his achievement in defeating the Right Xian Wang, a major general. The old channel of the great river then flows east past the southern side of Beiqiu Xian's former city. Ying Shao said: This is what the "Zuo Zhuan" refers to as Duke Xiang of Qi hunting in Beiqiu. I have examined the accounts by Jing Xiangpan and Du Yu, who both stated it was located in Bochang; this is what Sima Biao's "Jun Guo Zhi" refers to as Bei Zhong Ju. Ying Shao's annotation on this matter is somewhat inaccurate. The old channel of the great river flows east past the southern side of Ganling Xian's former city, which is what the "Dili Zhi" refers to as Cuo. It was renamed Cuozhi during Wang Mang's reign. Emperor An of Han's father, Emperor Xiaode, was demoted from crown prince to king and died here; he was buried in this location. His mausoleum was honored as Ganling, after which the county also took its name. In the second year of Jianhe during Emperor Huan's reign, Qinghe was renamed Ganling. This is where the Zhou dynasty's Ganshan Shi was located. The mausoleum is located to the north of the old channel, with large and tall mounds. Although it has suffered damage over time, it still resembles a layered hill; people call it Tang Hou Zhong. The city is called Yicheng—this is incorrect. In the Jianan period, Nan Yang Wen Shuliang served as Ganling Cheng. One night while staying by a river, a man from Zhao named Lan Xiang dreamed of requesting to be reburied. The next day, Shuliang followed the riverbank searching for a coffin and indeed found one partially submerged in water along the riverside. Shuliang said to his relatives and old friends: If I heard someone tell this story, I would certainly not believe it. He then arranged for the remains to be moved, offered a libation of wine as parting tribute, and left them behind. The old channel of the great river again flows east past the southern side of Aiting Cheng, then further east past the southern side of Pingjin Cheng. In this city there are five-story pagodas; on top is a golden nuluan (a vessel for holding incense or flowers), inscribed: "In the eighth year of Jianwu under the Zhao dynasty, the monk Dao Long and Master Zutuocheng promoted virtue and encouraged moral instruction, establishing a temple to honor the gods." The pagoda has already collapsed, but the nuluan remains, still glowing with a bright light. The old channel of the great river turns northeast and flows past the southern side of Ling Xian's former city, known as Boting during Wang Mang's reign. From this county, a branch of the Yellow River diverges and is called Mingdu He. The old channel of the Yellow River flows east past the eastern side of Shu Xian's former city. In the fourth year of Empress Dowager Lu's reign, due to his father Ying's merit, his son Tuo was enfeoffed as a marquis and established as a fiefdom; during Wang Mang's rule, it was renamed Shanlu. The old channel of the great river continues east, passing to the west of Pingyuan Xian's former city; it then turns northward and cuts off the three channels of Tunshi. It flows north past the northeast side of Yimu Xian's former city and then turns westward, flowing past the western side of Pingyuan Ge Xian's former city.
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《地理志》曰：鬲，津也，王莽名之曰河平亭，故有窮后羿國也。應劭曰：鬲，偃姓，咎繇後。光武建武十三年，封建義將軍朱祜為侯國。大河故瀆又北逕脩縣故城東，又北逕安陵縣西，本脩之安陵鄉也。 |
| | The "Dili Zhi" states: Ge was a ferry crossing; during Wang Mang's reign, it was renamed Hepingting. It was once the fief of Houyi from the Xia dynasty. Ying Shao said: Ge belonged to the Yan surname, descendants of Gao Yao. In the thirteenth year of Jianwu during Emperor Guangwu's reign, Jianyi Jiangjun Zhu Hu was enfeoffed with a marquisate as a fief. The old channel of the great river further flows north, passing to the east of Xiu Xian's former city; then it continues north and passes west of Anling Xian. Originally, this was Anling Xiang within Xiu.
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《地理風俗記》曰：脩縣東四十里有安陵鄉，故縣也。又東北至東光縣故城西，而北與漳水合。一水分大河故瀆，北出為屯氏河，逕館陶縣東，東北出。 |
| | The "Dili Fengsu Ji" states: Forty li east of Xiu Xian is Anling Xiang, which was formerly a county. It then turns northeast to the west side of Dongguang Xian's former city and flows northward to join the Zhang Shui River. One branch of water diverges from the old channel of the great river, flowing northward as Tunshi He. It passes east of Guantao Xian and turns northeast.
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《漢書·溝洫志》曰：自塞宣防，河復北決于館陶縣，分為屯氏河，廣深與大河等。成帝之世，河決館陶及東郡金隄，上使河隄謁者王延世塞之，三十六日隄成，詔以建始五年為河平元年，以延世為光禄大夫，是水亦斷。屯氏故瀆水之又東北，屯氏別河出焉。屯氏別河故瀆又東北逕信城縣，張甲河出焉。《地理志》：張甲河首受屯氏別河于信成縣者也。張甲河故瀆北絶清河于廣宗縣，分為二瀆，左瀆逕廣宗縣故城西，又北逕建始縣故城東。田融云：趙武帝十二年，立建興郡，治廣宗，置建始、興德五縣隸焉。左瀆又北逕經城東、繚城西，又逕南宮縣西，北注絳瀆。右瀆東北逕廣宗縣故城南，又東北逕界城亭北，又東北逕長樂郡棗彊縣故城東。長樂，故信都也，晉太康五年，改從今名。又東北逕廣川縣，與絳瀆水故道合。又東北逕廣川縣故城西，又東逕棘津亭南，徐廣曰：棘津在廣川。司馬彪曰：縣北有棘津城，呂尚賣食之困，疑在此也。劉澄之云：譙郡酇縣東北有棘津亭，故邑也，呂尚所困處也。余按《春秋左傳》，伐巢，克棘，入州來，無津字。杜預《春秋釋地》又言：棘亭在酇縣東北，亦不云有津字矣。而竟不知澄之于何而得是說？然天下以棘為名者多，未可咸謂之棘津也。又《春秋·昭公十七年》，晉侯使荀吳帥師涉自棘津，用牲于洛，遂滅陸渾。杜預《釋地》闕而不書。服虔曰：棘津，猶孟津也。徐廣《晉紀》又言：石勒自葛陂寇河北，襲汲人向冰于枋頭，濟自棘。棘津在東郡、河內之間，田融以為即石濟南津也。雖千古茫昧，理世玄遠，遺文逸句，容或可尋，沿途隱顯，方土可驗。司馬遷云：呂望，東海上人也，老而無遇，以釣干周文王。又云：呂望行年五十，賣食棘津；七十，則屠牛朝歌；行年九十，身為帝師。皇甫士安云：欲隱東海之濱，聞文王善養老，故入釣于周。今汲水城亦言有呂望隱居處。起自東海，迄于酆雍，緣其逕趣，趙、魏為密，厝之譙、宋，事為疎矣。張甲故瀆又東北至脩縣東會清河。 |
| | The "Hanshu · Gou Xu Zhi" states: After the Xuanfang breach was blocked, the Yellow River again broke out to the north at Guantao Xian, dividing into Tunshi He, which had a width and depth equal to that of the main river. During Emperor Cheng's reign, the river broke out at Guantao and at Jindi in Dongjun. The emperor ordered He Di Yezhe Wang Yanshi to block it; after thirty-six days, the embankment was completed. An edict declared the fifth year of Jiushi as the first year of Heping, and Wang Yanshi was appointed Guanglu Dafu. At that time, this waterway also ceased to flow. To the northeast of Tunshi's old channel, another branch known as Tunshi Bie He diverges from it. The old channel of Tunshi Bie He further flows northeast past Xincheng Xian, where Zhangjia He diverges. The "Dili Zhi" states: The headwaters of Zhangjia He originate from Tunshi Bie He at Xincheng Xian. The old channel of Zhangjia He flows north and cuts off Qinghe at Guangzong Xian, splitting into two channels. The left channel passes west of the former city of Guangzong Xian and then continues north past the eastern side of Jiansi Xian's former city. Tian Rong said: In the twelfth year of Emperor Wu's reign in Zhao, Jianxing Jun was established with its seat at Guangzong. It administered five counties including Jiansi and Xingde. The left channel further flows north past the east side of Jing Cheng and the west side of Liao Cheng, then continues past the west side of Nangong Xian before flowing north into Jiang Du. The right channel flows northeast past the southern side of Guangzong Xian's former city, then further northeast past the northern side of Jiecheng Ting, and continues northeast to pass east of Zaoqiang Xian's former city in Zhangye Jun. Zhangye was formerly known as Xindu; during the fifth year of Taikang under the Jin dynasty, it was renamed to its current title. It further flows northeast through Guangchuan Xian and joins the old course of Jiang Du Shui. It then flows northeast past the western side of Guangchuan Xian's former city, and further east to pass south of Jijin Ting. Xu Guang said: Jijin is located in Guangchuan. Sima Biao said: To the north of this county lies Jijin Cheng; it is likely that Lü Shang's hardship while selling food occurred here. Liu Chengzhi said: To the northeast of Zhan Xian in Qiao Jun is Jijin Ting, an old town and the place where Lü Shang was once in hardship. I have examined the "Zuo Zhuan" of the "Chunqiu," which records: "A campaign against Chao, victory at Ji, and entry into Zhoulai"—there is no mention of a place named Jijin. Du Yu's "Chunqiu Shi Di" also states: Ji Ting is located northeast of Zhan Xian, but it does not mention the character 津 either. Yet no one knows where Liu Chengzhi obtained this claim from? However, there are many places in the world named Ji, and it cannot be assumed that all of them are called Jijin. In the 17th year of Duke Zhao's reign in the "Chunqiu," Marquis Jin sent Xun Wu to lead troops across at Jijin, sacrificed animals by the Luo River, and then proceeded to destroy Luhun. Du Yu's "Shi Di" omits this record without documentation. Fu Qian said: Jijin is similar to Mengjin. Xu Guang's "Jin Ji" further states: Shi Le, advancing from Gebi to raid the north of Hebei, ambushed Xiang Bing in Ji at Fangtou and crossed the river at Ji. Jijin lies between Dongjun and Hedong, and Tian Rong believed it to be the same as Shijin's Nanjin. Though the past may seem obscure and distant, scattered texts and lost passages might still be traced; along the way, hidden or revealed traces can be verified through local knowledge. Sima Qian said: Lü Wang was a native of Donghai Shang; in his old age, he found no opportunity and used fishing to attract the attention of King Wen of Zhou. It also says: At fifty years old, Lü Wang sold food at Jijin; At seventy, he slaughtered cattle in Chao Ge; At ninety years old, he became the emperor's teacher. Huangfu Shi'an said: He wished to hide by the shores of Donghai, but upon hearing that King Wen treated elders well, he went to fish in Zhou. Nowadays, Jishui Cheng also claims to be the place where Lü Wang once lived in seclusion. Starting from the East Sea and ending at Fengyong, tracing its route, Zhao and Wei are closely related, while Cuo is associated with Qiao and Song—this connection seems rather tenuous. The old channel of Zhangjia River further flows northeast to meet the Qinghe River east of Xiu Xian.
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《十三州志》曰：張甲河東北至脩縣入清漳者也。屯氏別河又東，枝津出焉，東逕信城縣故城南，又東逕清陽縣故城南，清河郡北，魏自清陽徙置也。又東北逕陵鄉南，又東北逕東武城縣故城南，又東北逕東陽縣故城南。 |
| | The "Shisan Zhou Zhi" states: The Zhangjia He flows northeast to Xiu Xian and enters the Qingzhang River. The Tunshi Bie He flows further east, where a branch channel diverges. It then flows east past the southern side of Xincheng Xian's former city and continues east to pass south of Qingyang Xian's former city. To the north lies Qinghe Jun, which was moved from Qingyang during the Wei dynasty. It then turns northeast, flowing past the southern side of Lingxiang; further northeast, it flows past the southern side of Dongwucheng Xian's former city, and continues northeast to flow past the southern side of Dongyang Xian's former city.
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《地理志》曰：王莽更之曰胥陵矣。俗人謂之高黎郭，非也。應劭曰：東武城東北三十里有陽鄉，故縣也。又東散絶，無復津逕。屯氏別河又東北逕清河郡南，又東北逕清河故城西。漢高帝六年，封王吸為侯國。 |
| | The "Dili Zhi" states: During Wang Mang's reign, it was changed to Xuling. Common people call it Gaoli Guo; this is incorrect. Ying Shao said: Thirty li northeast of Dongwucheng is Yang Xiang, an old county. It then disperses to the east and disappears, with no further channels or crossings remaining. The Tunshi Bie He continues northeast past the southern side of Qinghe Jun and further flows northeast to pass west of Qinghe's former city. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign during the Han dynasty, Wang Xi was enfeoffed as marquis with a fiefdom.
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《地理風俗記》曰：甘陵郡東南十七里有清河故城者，世謂之鵲城也。又東北逕繹幕縣南，分為二瀆，屯氏別河北瀆東逕繹幕縣故城南，東絶大河故瀆，又東北逕平原縣，枝津北出，至安陵縣遂絶。屯氏別河北瀆又東北逕重平縣故城南。應劭曰：重合縣西南八十里有重平鄉，故縣也。又東北逕重合縣故城南，又東北逕定縣故城南。漢武帝元朔四年，封齊孝王子劉越為侯國。 |
| | The "Dili Fengsu Ji" states: Seventeen li southeast of Ganling Jun is the former city of Qinghe, which people call Que Cheng. It then flows northeast past the south of Yimu Xian, splitting into two branches. The northern branch of Tunshi Bie He passes to the south of Yimu Xian's old city, turns eastward and cuts through the old channel of the Yellow River, continues northeast through Pingyuan Xian, with a branch diverging northward; it eventually reaches Anling Xian and dries up. The northern branch of Tunshi Bie River further flows northeast, passing to the south side of Chongping Xian's former city. Ying Shao said: Eighty li southwest of Chonghe Xian is Chongping Xiang, an ancient county. It then flows northeast past the southern side of Chonghe Xian's former city and further northeast to pass south of Ding Xian's former city. In the fourth year of Yuanshuo during Emperor Wu of Han's reign, Liu Yue, son of Duke Xiaowang of Qi, was enfeoffed as Marquis with a fief.
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《地理風俗記》曰：饒安縣東南三十里有定鄉城，故縣也。屯氏別河北瀆又東入陽信縣，今無水。又東為咸河，東北流逕陽信縣故城北。《地理志》，渤海之屬縣也，東注于海。屯氏別河南瀆自平原東絶大河故瀆，又逕平原縣故城北，枝津右出，東北至安德縣界，東會商河。屯氏別河南瀆又東北于平原界，又有枝渠右出，至安德縣遂絶。屯氏別河南瀆自平原城北首受大河故瀆，東出，亦通謂之篤馬河。即《地理志》所謂平原縣有篤馬河，東北入海，行五百六十里者也。東北逕安德縣故城西，又東北逕臨齊城南。始東齊未賓，大魏築城以臨之，故城得其名也。又屈逕其城東，故瀆廣四十步，又東北逕重丘縣故城西。《春秋·襄公二十五年》，秋，同盟于重丘，伐齊故也。應劭曰：安德縣北五十里有重丘鄉，故縣也。又東北逕西平昌縣故城北，北海有平昌縣，故加西。漢宣帝元康元年，封王長君為侯國。故渠川派，東入般縣為般河。蓋亦九河之一道也。《後漢書》稱公孫瓚破黃巾于般河，即此瀆也。又東為白鹿淵水，南北三百步，東西千餘步，深三丈餘。其水冬清而夏濁，渟而不流，若夏水洪泛，水深五丈，方乃通注。般瀆又逕般縣故城北，王莽更之曰分明也。東逕樂陵縣故城北。 |
| | The "Dili Fengsu Ji" states: Thirty li southeast of Raoan Xian is Dingxiang Cheng, an ancient county. The northern branch of Tunshi Bie Shui further flows east into Yangxin Xian; however, there is no water there now. It then continues east as Yan He, flowing northeast past the northern side of Yangxin Xian's former city. The "Dili Zhi" states: This is a subordinate county of Bohai, flowing eastward into the sea. The southern branch of Tunshi Bie Du, starting from Pingyuan to the east where it cuts off the old channel of the Yellow River and then flows past the northern side of Pingyuan Xian's former city. A tributary branches out on the right, flowing northeast into Ande Xian territory before joining Shanghe River to the east. The southern branch of Tunshi Bie Ru further flows northeast within Pingyuan Xian territory. Another tributary diverges to the right and eventually dries up upon reaching Ande Xian. The southern branch of Tunshi Biejie Ru originates at the northern side of Pingyuan Cheng, receiving water from the old channel of the Great River. Flowing eastward, it is also commonly known as Duma He. This is the "Duli Zhi's" reference to Pingyuan Xian having Duma He, which flows northeast into the sea for a distance of 560 li. It then flows northeast past to the west side of Ande Xian's former city, further flowing northeast and passing south of Linqi Cheng. Initially, when the eastern Qi state had not yet submitted, the Great Wei built a city to overlook it; thus, this city acquired its name. It then bends eastward past the eastern side of the city; the old channel is forty bu wide. Further northeast, it flows west of Chongqiu Xian's former city. In the twenty-fifth year of Duke Xiang's reign in the "Chunqiu," during autumn, an alliance was formed at Chongqiu—this was due to a campaign against Qi. Ying Shao said: Fifty li north of Ande Xian is Chongqiu Xiang, an ancient county site. It then flows northeast past the northern side of Xipingchang Xian's former city; since Beihai has a Pingchang Xian, "Xi" is added to distinguish it. In the first year of Yuankang during Emperor Xuan's reign in the Han dynasty, Wang Changjun was enfeoffed as an earl with a fief. The old channel branches off and flows eastward into Ban Xian, becoming Ban He. This is also one of the Nine Rivers' channels. The "Hou Hanshu" records that Gongsun Zan defeated the Huangjin rebels at Ban He—this refers to this channel. Further east, it becomes Baidu Yuanshui, a body of water 300 bu wide from north to south and over 1,000 bu long from east to west, with a depth of more than three zhang. The water is clear in winter and turbid in summer, still without current; only during the summer when floods rise to a depth of five zhang does it begin to flow. Ban Du further flows past the northern side of Ban Xian's former city; during Wang Mang's reign, it was renamed Fenming. It then flows eastward past the northern side of Leling Xian's former city.
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《地理志》曰：故都尉治。伏琛、晏謨言平原邑，今分為郡。又東北逕陽信縣故城南，東北入海。屯氏河故瀆自別河東逕甘陵之信鄉縣故城南。 |
| | The "Dili Zhi" states: This was formerly the seat of a Duwei official. Fu Chen and Yan Mo stated it as Pingyuan Yi, but now it is divided into a jun (commandery). It then flows northeast past the southern part of Yangxin Xian's former city and eventually enters the sea to the northeast. The old channel of Tunshi He flows east from its branch, passing south of Xiangxiang Xian's former city in Ganling.
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《地理志》曰：安帝更名安平。應劭曰：甘陵西北十七里有信鄉，故縣也。屯氏故瀆又東逕甘陵縣故城北，又東逕靈縣北，又東北逕鄃縣，與鳴犢河故瀆合，上承大河故瀆于靈縣南。 |
| | łoż The "Dili Zhi" states: Emperor An changed the name to Anping. Ying Shao said: Seventeen li northwest of Ganling is Xiangxiang, an old county. The old channel of Tunshi River then flows east past the northern side of Ganling Xian's former city, further east past the north of Ling Xian, and northeast through Shu Xian, where it joins the old channel of Mingdu He. The latter receives water from the old Yellow River channel to the south of Ling Xian.
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《地理志》曰：河水自靈縣別出為鳴犢河者也。東北逕靈縣東，東入鄃縣，而北合屯氏瀆，屯氏瀆兼鳴犢之稱也。又東逕鄃縣故城北，東北合大河故瀆，謂之鳴犢口。 |
| | The "Dili Zhi" states: This is where the Yellow River branches off from Ling Xian to form Mingdu He. It flows northeast past the east of Ling Xian, then turns east into Shu Xian and joins the Tunshi Du to the north. The Tunshi Du also carries the name Mingdu. It then flows east past the northern part of Shu Xian's former city and joins the old channel of the Yellow River to the northeast, known as Mingdu Kou.
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《十三州志》曰：鳴犢河東北至脩入屯氏，考瀆則不至也。 |
| | The "Shisan Zhou Zhi" states: The Mingdu He flows northeast to Xiu and joins Tunshi, but according to the records of the channels, it does not reach there.
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又東北過衛縣南，又東北過濮陽縣北，瓠子河出焉。 |
| | It then flows northeast past Weixian to the south, and further northeast past Puyang Xian to the north; from here, the Huzi He originates.
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河水東逕鐵丘南，《春秋左氏傳·哀公二年》，鄭䍐達帥師，郵無恤御簡子，衛太子為右，登鐵上，望見鄭師，衛太子自投車下，即此處也。京相璠曰：鐵，丘名也。杜預曰：在戚南。河之北岸，有古城，戚邑也。東城有子路冢，河之西岸有竿城。 |
| | The Yellow River flows east past the south of Tie Qiu. In the "Zuo Zhuan" (left commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals, 2nd year of Gaozong's reign), it is recorded that Zheng Dada led his troops, You Wuxu guarded Jianzi, and Wei Tai Zi was to his right; they ascended Tie Shang, saw the Zheng army from a distance, and the Wei Tai Zi threw himself out of the carriage—this was the location. Jing Xiangpan said: Tie is the name of a hill. Du Yu said: It lies to the south of Qi. On the northern bank of the river, there is an ancient city; this was the site of Qi Yi. To the east lies a tomb of Zilu, and on the western bank of the river is Gan Cheng.
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《郡國志》曰：衛縣有竿城者也。河南有龍淵宮，武帝元光中，河決濮陽，氾郡十六，發卒十萬人塞決河，起龍淵宮。蓋武帝起宮于決河之傍，龍淵之側，故曰龍淵宮也。河水東北流而逕濮陽縣北，為濮陽津。故城在南與衛縣分水，城北十里有瓠河口，有金隄、宣房堰。粵在漢世，河決金隄，涿郡王尊，自徐州刺史遷東郡太守，河水盛溢，泛浸瓠子，金隄決壞，尊躬率民吏，投沈白馬，祈水神河伯，親執圭璧，請身填隄，廬居其上，民吏皆走，尊立不動，而水波齊足而止。公私壯其勇節。河水又東北逕衛國縣南，東為郭口津。河水又東逕鄄城縣北，故城在河南十八里，王莽之鄄良也，沇州舊治。魏武創業始自于此。河上之邑最為峻固。 |
| | The "Jun Guo Zhi" states: This refers to Gan Cheng in Weixian. To the south of the river lies Longyuan Gong. During Emperor Wu's Yuanguang period, a Yellow River breach occurred in Puyang, flooding sixteen jun (commanderies). Ten thousand conscripted soldiers were mobilized to block the breach and construct Longyuan Palace at that time. It was Emperor Wu who built a palace by the side of the breached river and beside Longyuan, hence it is called Longyuan Gong. The Yellow River flows northeast past the north of Puyang Xian, forming the Puyang Jin ferry crossing. The former city lies to the south and shares a boundary with Weixian along the river; ten li north of the city is Huhetou, where there are Jin Di and Xuanfang Yan. During the Han dynasty, a breach occurred at Jin Di. Zhuo Jun's Wang Zun, who had been transferred from Cishi of Xuzhou to Taishou of Dongjun, encountered a surge in river water that flooded Huzi and damaged Jin Di. Wang Zun personally led his people and officials, threw white horses into the river as offerings to Shui Shen He Bo (the river god), held jade ritual objects himself, and volunteered to sacrifice his life by filling the breach with his body. He lived in a hut on the site; when all the people and officials fled, Wang Zun stood firm without moving, and suddenly the water level stopped rising at his feet. Both public and private sectors admired his bravery and integrity. The Yellow River then flows northeast past the south of Weiguo Xian, turning east to form Guokou Jin ferry crossing. The Yellow River then flows east past Juancheng Xian to the north. The former city lies eighteen li south of the river and was known as Julian during Wang Mang's reign; it was an old administrative center of Yan Zhou. Cao Cao began his career here. The city on the river was most renowned for its strong and solid defenses.
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《晉八王故事》曰：東海王越治鄄城，城無故自壞七十餘丈，越惡之，移治濮陽。城南有魏使持節征西將軍太尉方城侯鄧艾廟，廟南有《艾碑》，秦建元十二年，廣武將軍沇州刺史關內侯安定彭超立。河之南岸有新城，宋寧朔將軍王玄謨前鋒入河所築也。北岸有新臺，鴻基層廣高數丈，衛宣公所築新臺矣。《詩》齊姜所賦也。為盧關津。臺東有小城，崎嶇頹側，臺址枕河，俗謂之邸閣城。疑故關津都尉治也，所未詳矣。河水又東北逕范縣之秦亭西，《春秋經》書築臺于秦者也。河水又東北逕委粟津，大河之北，即東武陽縣也。左會浮水故瀆，故瀆上承大河于頓丘縣而北出，東逕繁陽縣故城南。應劭曰：縣在繁水之陽。張晏曰：縣有繁淵。《春秋·襄公二十年》，《經》書公與晉侯、齊侯盟于澶淵。杜預曰：在頓丘縣南，今名繁淵。澶淵即繁淵也，亦謂之浮水焉，昔魏徙大梁，趙以中牟易魏。 |
| | The "Jin Ba Wang Gu Shi" states: Donghai Wang Yue governed Juancheng, but the city wall mysteriously collapsed over seventy zhang without cause. Yue considered this an ill omen and moved his administration to Puyang. To the south of the city is a temple for Wei Shi Chi Jie Zhengxi Jiangjun Taiwei Fangcheng Hou Deng Ai. To the south of this temple stands the "Ai Bei" (Deng Ai stele), erected in the twelfth year of Jianyuan under the Qin dynasty by Guangwu Jiangjun Yan Zhou Cishi Guannei Hou Pingding Peng Chao. On the southern bank of the river lies Xincheng, a fortress constructed by Song dynasty's Ningsuo Jiangjun Wang Xuomo as his vanguard forces entered the river. On the northern bank is Xintai, with a broad and lofty foundation several zhang high—this was the new terrace built by Wei Xuangong. This is where Qi Jiang composed her poem in the "Shijing." It forms the Luguanshen ferry crossing. To the east of the terrace is a small city, uneven and leaning to one side; its site lies by the river. Locals call it Digecheng. It is suspected to have been the seat of Guanjun Duwei, but details remain unclear. The Yellow River then flows northeast and passes west of Qin Ting in Fan Xian, the site where the "Chunqiu Jing" records a terrace was built at Qin. The Yellow River then flows northeast through Weisu Jin; to the north of this river section lies Dongwuyang Xian. To the left, it converges with the old channel of Fusui. This old channel received water from the Yellow River at Dunqiu Xian and flowed northward, passing to the south of Fanyang Xian's former city as it moved east. Ying Shao said: The county lies on the southern bank of Fan Shui. Zhang Yan said: There is a Fanyuan in this county. In the "Chunqiu," 20th year of Duke Xiang's reign, the "Jing" records that the Gong (the ruler) formed an alliance with Jin Hou and Qi Hou at Chanyuan. Du Yu said: It was located to the south of Dunqiu Xian; it is now called Fanyuan. Chanyuan was the same as Fanyuan, also known as Fusui; in ancient times, Wei moved its capital from Daliang, and Zhao exchanged Zhongmou with Wei.
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故《志》曰：趙南至浮水繁陽。即是瀆也。故瀆東絶大河，故瀆東逕五鹿之野，晉文公受塊于野人，即此處矣。京相璠曰：今衛縣西北三十里，有五鹿城，今屬頓丘縣。浮水故瀆又東南逕衛國邑城北，故衛公國也。漢光武以封周後也。又東逕衛國縣故城南，古斟觀。應劭曰：夏有觀扈，即此城也。《竹書紀年》：梁惠成王二年，齊田壽率師伐我，圍觀，觀降。浮水故瀆又東逕河牧城而東北出。 |
| | Hence the "Zhi" states: To the south of Zhao was Fusui Fanyang. This is the channel in question. The old channel flows eastward, cutting off from the main river. Further to the east, it passes through Wulu Field; this is where Duke Wen of Jin received a piece of earth from a commoner in the wilds. Jing Xiangpan said: Today, thirty li northwest of Weixian is Wulu Cheng, now part of Dunqiu Xian. The old channel of Fusui then flows southeast past the northern side of Weiguo Yi Cheng, which was formerly the fief of the Wei Gong. Emperor Guangwu of Han granted this area to the descendants of the Zhou dynasty as a fief. It then flows east past Weiguo Xian's former city to the south, an ancient site known as Zhen Guan. Ying Shao said: The Xia dynasty had a place called Guan Hu; this was that city. The "Zhu Shu Ji Nian" records: In the second year of King Houcheng of Liang, Qi's Tian Shou led his army to attack us and besieged Guan; Guan surrendered. The old channel of Fusui further flows east, passing He Mu Cheng before turning northeastward.
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《郡國志》曰：衛本觀故國，姚姓。有河牧城，又東北入東武陽縣，東入河。又有漯水出焉，戴延之謂之武水也。河水又東逕武陽縣東、范縣西而東北流也。 |
| | The "Jun Guo Zhi" states: Wei was originally the old state of Guan, with the Yao surname. There is He Mu Cheng; further northeast it enters Dongwuyang Xian and flows east into the river. Another stream, Lu Shui, originates here; Dai Yan Zhi referred to it as Wu Shui. The Yellow River then flows eastward past Wuyang Xian's eastern side and Fan Xian's western side, continuing northeastward.
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又東北過東阿縣北， |
| | It further flows northeast past the north of Dong'e Xian.
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河水于范縣東北流為倉亭津。 |
| | To the northeast of Fan Xian, the Yellow River becomes Cangting Jin ferry crossing.
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《述征記》曰：倉亭津在范縣界，去東阿六十里。 |
| | The "Shu Zheng Ji" states: Cangting Jin lies within the borders of Fan Xian, sixty li away from Dong'e.
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《魏土地記》曰：津在武陽縣東北七十里，津，河濟名也。河水右歷柯澤，《春秋左傳·襄公十四年》，衛孫文子敗公徒于阿澤者也。又東北逕東阿縣故城西，而東北出流注河水。枝津東出，謂之鄧里渠也。 |
| | The "Wei Tu Di Ji" states: The ferry is seventy li northeast of Wuyang Xian; such a ferry was a famous crossing on the Yellow and Ji Rivers. To the right of the river lies Ke Ze; this is where, according to the "Zuo Zhuan" (14th year of Duke Xiang's reign), Wei Sun Wensi defeated the king's forces at Aze. It then flows northeast past the western side of Dong'e Xian's former city, turning northeastward to flow into the Yellow River. A branch ferry channel branches out to the east; it is known as Dengli Qu.
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又東北過茌平縣西， |
| | It further flows northeast past the west of Chiping Xian.
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河自鄧里渠東北逕昌鄉亭北，又東北逕碻磝城西，《述征記》曰：碻磝，津名也，自黃河泛舟而渡者，皆為津也。其城臨水，西南崩于河。宋元嘉二十七年，以王玄謨為寧朔將軍，前鋒入河，平碻磝，守之。都督劉義恭以沙城不堪守，召玄謨令毀城而還，後更城之。魏立濟州，治此也。河水衝其西南隅，又崩于河，即故茌平縣也。應劭曰：茌，山名也，縣在山之平地，故曰茌平也，王莽之功崇矣。《經》曰大河在其西，鄧里渠歷其東，即斯邑也。昔石勒之隸師懽，屯耕于茌平，聞皷角鞞鐸之聲于是縣也。西與聊城分河。河水又東北與鄧里渠合，水上承大河于東阿縣西，東逕東阿縣故城北，故衛邑也。應仲瑗曰：有西，故稱東。魏封曹植為王國。大城北門內西側，臯上有大井，其巨若輪，深六七丈，歲嘗煮膠，以貢天府。《本草》所謂阿膠也。故世俗有阿井之名。縣出佳繒縑，故《史記》云：秦昭王服太阿之劒，阿縞之衣也。又東北逕臨邑縣，與將渠合。又北逕茌平縣東，臨邑縣故城西，北流入于河。河水又東北流逕西瀆津，津西側岸。臨河有四瀆祠，東對四瀆口。河水東分濟，亦曰濟水受河也。然滎口石門水斷不通，始自是出東北流，逕九里與清水合。故濟瀆也。自河入濟，自濟入淮，自淮達江，水徑周通，故有四瀆之名也。昔趙殺鳴犢，仲尼臨河而歎，自是而返曰：丘之不濟，命也。夫《琴操》以為孔子臨狄水而歌矣。曰：狄水衍兮風揚波，船楫顛倒更相加。余按臨濟，故狄也。是濟所逕，得其通稱也。河水又逕楊墟縣之故城東，俗猶謂是城曰陽城矣。河水又逕茌平城東，疑縣徙也。城內有故臺，世謂之時平城，非也。蓋茌、時音相近耳。 |
| | From Dengli Qu, the river flows northeast past Changxiang Ting to the north and further northeast past Queao Cheng to the west. The "Shu Zheng Ji" states: Queao is a ferry name; all crossings where boats are used on the Yellow River are called jin (ferry). The city was situated by the river, and its southwest side collapsed into it. In the 27th year of Yuanjia under the Song dynasty, Wang Xuomo was appointed as Ningsuo Jiangjun. As vanguard forces entered the Yellow River, they captured Queao and took control of it. Dudu Liu Yigong considered the sand-built city unsuitable for defense and summoned Xuomo, ordering him to destroy the city and withdraw. Later, it was rebuilt as a new fortress. The Wei dynasty established Ji Zhou with its administrative seat here. The Yellow River eroded the southwest corner of the city, and it eventually collapsed into the river—this was formerly Chiping Xian. Ying Shao said: Chi is the name of a mountain; the county lies on flat land at its base, hence it was called Chiping. During Wang Mang's reign, it was known as Gongchong. The "Jing" states: The great river lies to its west, and Dengli Qu flows along its east—this is the location of this yi (ancient administrative unit). In ancient times, Shi Le's general Shihuan stationed his troops for farming in Chiping and heard the sounds of drums, horns, and bells here in this county. To the west, it shares a river boundary with Liaocheng. The Yellow River then flows northeast to join Dengli Qu. This channel receives water from the main river at the west of Dong'e Xian, flowing east past the northern side of Dong'e Xian's former city—this was an ancient fief of Wei. Ying Zhongyuan said: Because there is a western one, it is called the eastern one. The Wei dynasty enfeoffed Cao Zhi as king of this kingdom. Inside the western side of the northern gate of Dacheng, there is a large well on Gaoshang. The well's opening is as wide as a wheel and six to seven zhang deep; every year, people boiled down its water to make glue, which was offered as tribute to the imperial court. This is what is referred to in the "Bencao" (Compendium of Materia Medica) as E Jiao. Hence, it became known in common usage as A Jing. The county was famous for producing fine silk and gauze; hence, the "Shiji" states: King Zhao of Qin wore Ta'a sword and cloth from A. It then flows northeast through Linyi Xian, joining Jiang Qu. It further flows north past the east of Chiping Xian and the west of Linyi Xian's former city before turning northward to flow into the river. The Yellow River then flows northeast, passing through Xidu Jin; this ferry is located on the western bank. By the river lies Sudu Ci (Temple of Four Dus), facing four dus' mouths to the east. The Yellow River branches eastward into the Ji Shui; it is also said that the Ji Shui receives water from the river. However, since the stone gate at Yingkou blocked the flow of water and rendered it impassable, the Ji Shui began to branch northeastward from here, passing through Jiu Li before joining Qingshui. This is therefore the old channel of Ji Du. From the Yellow River into the Ji Shui, from the Ji Shui into the Huai He, and from the Huai He to the Yangtze—these waterways formed a continuous route. Hence, they were known as the Four Dus. In ancient times, when Zhao killed Mingdu, Confucius stood by the river and sighed. From there he turned back, saying: "My failure to cross the Ji Shui is fate." The "Qin Cao" records that Confucius sang by the Di Shui. It says: "Di Shui spreads wide, winds raise waves; boats and paddles overturn, piling upon each other." I have examined that Linji was formerly known as Di. This is the Ji Shui's course, and it has acquired its commonly used name. The Yellow River then passes to the east of the former city of Yangxu Xian; people still refer to this city as Yangcheng. The Yellow River again flows past the eastern side of Chiping Cheng, suggesting that the county may have been moved. Inside the city there is an old terrace; people commonly call it Shiping Cheng, but this is incorrect. This is probably because "Chi" and "Shi" have similar pronunciations.
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又東北過高唐縣東， |
| | It then flows northeast past the east of Gaotang Xian,
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河水于縣，漯水注之。 |
| | The Yellow River passes through this xian, and the Lu Shui flows into it.
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《地理志》曰：漯水出東武陽。今漯水上承河水于武陽縣東南，西北逕武陽新城東，曹操為東郡所治也。引水自東門石竇北注于堂池，池南故基尚存。城內有一石甚大，城西門名冰井門，門內曲中，冰井猶存。門外有故臺，號武陽臺，帀臺亦有隅雉遺迹。水自城東北逕東武陽縣故城南。應劭曰：縣在武水之陽，王莽之武昌也。然則漯水亦或武水矣。臧洪為東郡太守，治此。曹操圍張超于雍丘，洪以情義，請袁紹救之，不許，洪與紹絶。紹圍洪，城中無食，洪呼吏士曰：洪于大義，不得不死，諸君無事，空與此禍。衆泣曰：何忍捨明府也。男女八千餘人，相枕而死。洪不屈，紹殺洪。邑人陳容為丞，謂曰：寧與臧洪同日死，不與將軍同日生。紹又殺之，士為傷歎。今城四周，紹圍郭尚存。水帀隍壍，于城東北合為一瀆，東北出郭，逕陽平縣之岡成城西。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Zhi" states: The Lu Shui originates from Dongwuyang. Now, the Lu Shui receives water from the Yellow River to the southeast of Wuyang Xian. It then flows northwest, passing east of Wuyang Xin Cheng, which was governed by Cao Cao as the seat of Dongjun. Water was diverted from a stone channel at the eastern gate, flowing northward into Tangchi; the old foundation of this pool still remains to the south. Inside the city, there is a very large stone; the western gate of the city was named Bingjing Men. Within this gate's curved interior, the ice well still remains. Outside the gate there is an old terrace known as Wuyang Tai; surrounding this terrace are also remnants of corner towers and parapets. The river flows northeast from the city, passing to the south of the former Dongwuyang Xian city. Ying Shao said: The xian is located on the southern bank of the Wu Shui, and was known as Wuchang in Wang Mang's time. In that case, the Lu Shui may also have been called the Wu Shui. Zang Hong served as Tai Shou of Dongjun and governed from here. Cao Cao besieged Zhang Chao at Yongqiu; Zang Hong, moved by sentiment and righteousness, requested Yuan Shao to rescue him, but was refused. As a result, Zang Hong broke relations with Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao besieged Zang Hong, and there was no food left in the city. Hong called out to his officials and soldiers: "For the sake of righteousness, I cannot avoid death; you have done nothing wrong, yet are caught up in this calamity." The crowd wept and said: "How could we bear to abandon our respected official?" More than 8,000 men and women died piled on top of one another. Hong did not yield; Yuan Shao executed him. A native of the area, Chen Rong, served as a cheng and said: "I would rather die on the same day as Zang Hong than live one day with you, General." Yuan Shao killed him too; scholars mourned and lamented. Now, the city's surrounding walls, remnants of Yuan Shao's siege encampment, still remain. The water flows around the moats and ditches, converging into a single channel to the northeast of the city. It exits through the northeastern gate, passing west of Gangcheng Cheng in Yangping Xian.
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《郡國志》曰：陽平縣有岡成亭。又北逕陽平縣故城東，漢昭帝元平元年，封丞相蔡義為侯國。漯水又北絶莘道，城之西北，有莘亭。《春秋·桓公十六年》，衛宣公使伋使諸齊，令盜待于莘，伋、壽繼殞于此亭。京相璠曰：今平原陽平縣北十里，有故莘亭，阸限蹊要，自衛適齊之道也。望新臺于河上，感二子于夙齡，詩人《乘舟》，誠可悲矣。今縣東有二子廟，猶謂之孝祠矣。漯水又東北逕樂平縣故城東，縣，故清也。漢高帝八年，封窒中同于清，宣帝封許廣漢少弟翁孫于樂平，竝為侯國。王莽之清治矣。漢章帝建初中，更從今名也。漯水又北逕聊城縣故城西，城內有金城，周帀有水，南門有馳道，絶水南出，自外泛舟而行矣。東門側有層臺，秀出雲表，魯仲連所謂還高唐之兵，卻聊城之衆者也。漯水又東北逕清河縣故城北，《地理風俗記》曰：甘陵，故清河。清河在南十七里，今于甘陵縣故城東南，無城以擬之。直東二十里有艾亭城，東南四十里有此城，擬即清河城也。後蠻居之，故世稱蠻城也。漯水又東北逕文鄉城東南，又東北逕博平縣故城南，城內有層臺秀上，王莽改之曰加睦也。右與黃溝同注川澤。黃溝承聊城郭水，水泛則津注，水耗則輟流。自城東北出，逕清河城南，又東北逕攝城北，《春秋》所謂聊攝以東也。俗稱郭城，非也。城東西三里，南北二里，東西隅有金城，城卑下，墟郭尚存，左右多墳壠。京相璠曰：聊城縣東北三十里有故攝城，今此城西去聊城二十五六里許，即攝城者也。又東逕文鄉城北，又東南逕王城北。魏太常七年，安平王鎮平原所築，世謂之王城。太和二十三年，罷鎮立平原郡，治此城也。黃溝又東北流，左與漯水隱覆，勢鎮河陸，東出于高唐縣，大河右迆，東注漯水矣。 |
| | The "Jun Guo Zhi" states: Yangping Xian has Gangcheng Ting. It then flows north past the east side of the former Yangping Xian city; in the first year of Yuan Ping reign period of Emperor Zhao of Han, Chancellor Cai Yi was enfeoffed as marquis here. The Lu Shui then flows northward and cuts off the Shein Dao road; to the northwest of the city is Shei Ting. In the sixteenth year of Duke Huan's reign (Spring and Autumn Annals), Wei Xuangong sent Ji on a mission to Qi, ordering bandits to lie in wait at Shei. Ji and Shou were both killed here at this pavilion. Jing Xiangpan said: Now, ten li north of Yangping Xian in Pingyuan, there is the old Shei Ting; it was a strategic pass controlling an important path—the route from Wei to Qi. Looking at Xintai by the river, one feels sorrow for the two young men; indeed, the poet's "Cheng Zhou" is truly heartbreaking. Now to the east of this xian there is a temple for the two sons, still called Xiaoci. The Lu Shui then flows northeast past the eastern side of Leping Xian's former city; this xian was formerly known as Qing. In the eighth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign in Han, Zhi Zhongtong was enfeoffed at Qing; Emperor Xuan later bestowed the title on Ou Sun, the younger brother of Xu Guanghan, at Leping. Both were made marquises and established as marquisates. This was known as Qingzhi in Wang Mang's time. During the Jianchu period of Emperor Zhang of Han, it adopted its current name. The Lu Shui then flows north, passing to the west of the former Luchao Xian city. Inside the city was a Jin Cheng (Golden City), surrounded by water on all sides; there was a grand road at the southern gate, which cut through the water and extended southward, allowing boats to travel freely from outside. By the eastern gate there was an elevated terrace, towering above the clouds; this is where Lu Zhonglian spoke of returning the troops from Gaotang and repelling the crowds at Luchao Cheng. The Lu Shui then flows northeast, passing north of the former Qinghe Xian city. The "Ge Tu Feng Su Ji" states: Ganling was formerly known as Qinghe. Qinghe is located seventeen li to the south; now, it lies southeast of the former Ganling Xian city, but there is no city corresponding to it. Twenty li directly east lies Aiting Cheng; forty li southeast of that is this city, which is likely the former Qinghe Cheng. Later it was inhabited by the Man people, hence it has been known as Man Cheng in later generations. The Lu Shui then flows northeast and passes to the southeast of Wenxiang Cheng. It further flows northeast, passing south of the former Boping Xian city; within this city there was an elevated terrace standing tall, which Wang Mang renamed Jiamu. To its right, it converges with Huanggou and flows into marshes and lakes. Huanggou receives water from the moats of Luchao; when waters rise, it flows into ferry crossings, but when they recede, its flow ceases. It flows northeast from the city and passes south of Qinghe Cheng, then further northeast past She Cheng to the north. This is what the "Spring and Autumn Annals" refers to as the area east of Liao She. It is commonly called Guocheng, but this is incorrect. The city was three li wide from east to west and two li long from north to south. At its eastern and western corners were Jin Cheng (Golden Cities). The walls were low, but the ruins of the outer defenses still remain; on both sides there are many burial mounds. Jing Xiangpan said: Thirty li northeast of Luchao Xian is the former She Cheng. Now, this city lies about twenty-five to twenty-six li west of Luchao—this is indeed She Cheng. It then flows east past the north of Wenxiang Cheng, and further southeast past the north of Wangcheng. In the seventh year of Taichang reign period in Wei, it was constructed by Anping Wang when he governed Pingyuan; henceforth, people called it Wangcheng. In the twenty-third year of Tahe reign period, the military garrison was abolished and Pingyuan Jun was established here as its seat. Huanggou then flows northeastward, merging with the Lu Shui on its left; it dominates the surrounding land and river, flowing east out of Gaotang Xian. This becomes a major tributary on the right bank of the Yellow River, flowing east into the Lu Shui.
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桑欽《地理志》曰：漯水出高唐。余按《竹書·穆天子傳》稱：丁卯，天子自五鹿東征，釣于漯水，以祭淑人，是曰祭丘；己巳，天子東征，食馬于漯水之上。尋其沿歷逕趣，不得近出高唐也。桑氏所言，蓋津流所出，次于是間也。俗以是水上承于河，亦謂之源河矣。漯水又東北逕援縣故城西，王莽之東順亭也。 |
| | Sang Qin's "Ge Tu Zhi" states: The Lu Shui originates at Gaotang. I have examined the "Zhu Shu · Mu Tianzi Zhuan," which states: On Dingmao day, Emperor Mu personally led an eastern expedition from Wulu. He fished in Lu Shui to offer sacrifices for a virtuous woman; this place was called Jiqiu. On Ji Si day, the Son of Heaven led an eastern campaign and fed his horses by Lu Shui. Tracing its course and direction, it cannot be said to originate near Gaotang. What Sang Shi stated likely refers to a tributary or minor stream in this area. Common people, considering that the water originates from the Yellow River here, also call it Yuan He (Source River). The Lu Shui then flows northeastward past the west of Yuanyu Xian's former city, which was known as Dongshun Ting in Wang Mang's time.
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杜預《釋地》曰：濟南祝阿縣西北有援城。漯水又東北逕高唐縣故城東。昔齊威王使肸子守高唐，趙人不敢漁于河，即魯仲連子謂田巴曰：今楚軍南陽，趙伐高唐者也。《春秋左傳·哀公十年》，趙鞅帥師伐齊，取犂及轅，毀高唐之郭。杜預曰：轅即援也。祝阿縣西北有高唐城。漯水又東北逕漯陰縣故城北。縣，故犂邑也，漢武帝元光三年封匈奴降王，王莽更名翼城。歷北漯陰城南。伏琛謂之漯陽，城南有《魏沇州刺史劉岱碑》。 |
| | Du Yu's "Shi Di" states: To the northwest of Zhua Xian, Jinan, there is Yuan Cheng. The Lu Shui then flows further northeastward past the east side of Gaotang Xian's former city. In the past, Qi Weiwang appointed Xi Zi to defend Gaotang; the people of Zhao dared not fish in the river. This is what Lu Zhonglian said to Tian Ba: "Now the Chu army has occupied Nanyang, and Zhao attacks Gaotang." In the tenth year of Duke Ai's reign (Zuo Zhuan, Spring and Autumn Annals), Zhao Mang led an army to attack Qi, capturing Li and Yuan, and destroying the outer walls of Gaotang. Du Yu said: Yuan is the same as Yuan. To the northwest of Zhua Xian lies Gaotang Cheng. The Lu Shui then flows northeast again, passing north of the former Lu Yin Xian city. This xian was originally Li Yi; in the third year of Yuanguang reign period under Emperor Wu of Han, a surrendered Xiongnu king was enfeoffed here. Wang Mang later renamed it Yicheng. It passes south of the former Lu Yin Cheng in the north. Fu Chen referred to it as Luyang; there is a stele titled "Stele of Liu Dai, Former Yan Zhou Cishi in Wei" located south of the city.
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《地理風俗記》曰：平原漯陰縣，今巨漯亭是也。漯水又東北逕著縣故城南，又東北逕崔氏城北。《春秋左傳·襄公二十七年》，崔成請老于崔者也。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Feng Su Ji" states: Pingyuan Lu Yin Xian is now known as Julu Ting. The Lu Shui then flows northeast passing to the south of Zhuxian's former city, and further northeast past Cui Shi Cheng to the north. In the twenty-seventh year of Duke Xiang's reign (Zuo Zhuan), Cui Cheng requested retirement at Cui Shi.
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杜預《釋地》曰：濟南東朝陽縣西北有崔氏城。漯水又東北逕東朝陽縣故城南，漢高帝七年，封都尉宰寄為侯國。 |
| | Du Yu in "Shi Di" states: To the northwest of Dongchaoyang Xian, Jinan, lies Cui Shi Cheng. The Lu Shui then flows northeast once more, passing to the south of Dongchaoyang Xian's former city; in the seventh year of Emperor Gao Di's reign, Du Wei Zai Ji was enfeoffed with a marquisate here.
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《地理風俗記》曰：南陽有朝陽縣，故加東。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Feng Su Ji" states: There is Chaoyang Xian in Nanyang, hence the addition of "Dong."
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《地理志》曰：王莽之脩治也。漯水又東逕漢徵君伏生墓南，碑碣尚存，以明《經》為秦博士。秦坑儒士，伏生隱焉。漢興，教于齊、魯之間，撰《五經》、《尚書大傳》，文帝安車徵之。年老不行，乃使掌故歐陽生等受《尚書》于徵君，號曰伏生者也。漯水又東逕鄒平縣故城北，古鄒侯國，舜後姚姓也。又東北逕東鄒城北。《地理志》，千乘郡有東鄒縣。漯水又東北逕建信縣故城北，漢高帝七年，封婁敬為侯國。應劭曰：臨濟縣西北五十里，有建信城，都尉治故城者也。漯水又東北逕千乘縣二城間，漢高帝六年以為千乘郡，王莽之建信也。章帝建初四年為王國；和帝永元七年，改為樂安郡，故齊地。伏琛曰：千乘城在齊城西北百五十里，隔會水，即漯水之別名也。又東北為馬常坈，坈東西八十里，南北三十里，亂河枝流而入于海。河海之饒，茲焉為最。 |
| | "The Ge Tu Zhi" says: This was known as Xiuzhi during Wang Mang's reign. The Lu Shui then flows east, passing south of Fu Sheng, the Han dynasty scholar who was summoned but refused to serve. His stele and stone tablets still remain, indicating that he served as a Qin-era Doctor of Classics (Boshi). During the Qin dynasty's persecution of Confucian scholars, Fu Sheng took refuge here. When the Han dynasty rose to power, he taught between Qi and Lu, compiling the "Five Classics" and the "Shangshu Da Zhuan." Emperor Wen sent a carriage with honors to summon him. As he was too old to travel, the emperor instead sent Zhanggu Ouyang Sheng and others to study the "Shangshu" from him. This is why he was called Fu Sheng. The Lu Shui then flows eastward, passing north of the former Zouping Xian city. This was an ancient marquisate of Zou Hou, descendants of Shun with the surname Yao. It then flows northeastward again, passing north of Dongzou Cheng. The "Ge Tu Zhi" records: Qiansheng Jun had Dongzou Xian. The Lu Shui then flows northeastwards, passing north of the former Jianxin Xian city. In the seventh year of Emperor Gaodi's reign in Han dynasty, Lou Jing was enfeoffed there as a marquis. Ying Shao said: Fifty li northwest of Linji Xian is Jianxin Cheng, the former seat of Du Wei. The Lu Shui then flows northeast between two cities in Qiansheng Xian. In the sixth year of Emperor Gao Di's reign, it was established as Qiansheng Jun; during Wang Mang's time, it was known as Jianxin. In the fourth year of Jiaochu era under Emperor Zhang, it became a kingdom for a prince. In the seventh year of Yongyuan era under Emperor He, it was changed to Le'an Jun, an area formerly belonging to Qi. Fu Chen said: Qiansheng Cheng is located 150 li northwest of Qi Cheng, across the Huishui River, which is also known as Lu Shui. Flowing northeast again, it becomes Machang Hu. The lake is 80 li wide from east to west and 30 li long from north to south; the chaotic river branches flow into the sea. The abundance of rivers and seas is most evident here.
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《地理風俗記》曰：漯水東北至千乘入海，河盛則通津委海，水耗則微涓絶流。《書》：浮于濟、漯，亦是水者也。 |
| | "The Ge Tu Feng Su Ji" says: The Lu Shui flows northeast to Qiansheng and enters the sea. When the river is full, it connects with the estuary; when water decreases, it becomes a faint stream or even dries up completely. The "Shu Jing" says: "Floating on the Ji and Lu rivers"—this refers to this river as well.
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又東北過楊虛縣東，商河出焉。 |
| | It then flows northeast past the east of Yangxu Xian, where the Shang He originates.
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《地理志》：楊虛，平原之隸縣也。漢文帝四年，以封齊悼惠王子將閭為侯國也。城在高唐城之西南，《經》次于此，是不比也。商河首受河水，亦漯水及澤水所潭也。淵而不流，世謂之清水。自此雖沙漲填塞，厥迹尚存。歷澤而北，俗謂之落里坈。逕張公城西，又北，重源潛發，亦曰小漳河，商、漳聲相近，故字與讀移耳。商河又北逕平原縣東，又逕安德縣故城南，又東北逕平昌縣故城南，又東逕般縣故城南，又東逕樂陵縣故城南，漢宣帝地節四年，封侍中史子長為侯國。商河又東逕朸縣故城南，高后八年，封齊悼惠王子劉辟光為侯國，王莽更之曰張鄉。應劭曰：般縣東南六十里有朸鄉城，故縣也。沙溝水注之，水南出大河之陽，泉源之不合河者二百步，其水北流注商河。商河又東北流逕馬嶺城西北，屈而東注南轉，逕城東。城在河曲之中，東海王越斬汲桑于是城。商河又東北逕富平縣故城北，《地理志》曰：侯國也。王莽曰樂安亭。應劭曰：明帝更名厭次。闞駰曰：厭次縣本富平侯、車騎將軍張安世之封邑。非也。按《漢書》，昭帝元鳳六年，封右將軍張安世為富平侯。薨，子延壽嗣國，在陳留別邑，在魏郡。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Zhi" records: Yangxu was a subordinate county under Pingyuan. In the fourth year of Emperor Wen's reign, it was enfeoffed as a marquisate to Jianglv, son of Qi Daohui Wang. The city is located southwest of Gaotang Cheng; the "Jing" places it here, which does not match. Shang He receives its headwaters from the Yellow River and is also fed by the confluence of Lu Shui and Ze Shui. Deep but not flowing, it has been called Qingshui in later times. From here on, although sand and silt have filled the riverbed, its traces still remain. Passing through the marshes to the north, it is commonly called Luoli Hu. It flows west of Zhanggong Cheng, then turns northward. A new source emerges underground and is also called Xiao Zhang He. The names Shang and Zhang are phonetically similar; thus, the name and pronunciation have shifted over time. Shang He then flows northward, passing east of Pingyuan Xian. It passes south of the former Ande Xian city, then northeast past the southern side of the former Pingchang Xian city; further east, it flows past the southern side of Ban Xian's former city and then to the south of the former Leling Xian city. In 43 AD (the fourth year of Dijie era under Emperor Xuan), Shi Zichang was enfeoffed here as a marquis by serving as Shizhong. Shang He then flows eastward again, passing south of the former Le Xian city. In year eight of Gao Hou's reign, Liu Biguang, son of King Daohui of Qi, was enfeoffed here with a marquisate; Wang Mang later changed its name to Zhangxiang. Ying Shao said: Sixty li southeast of Ban Xian is Lexiang Cheng, an ancient county. The Sha Gou Shui flows into it. The water originates from the south bank of the Yellow River, and its spring source is 200 bu away from where it does not join the river; this water then flows northward to join the Shang He. Shang He then continues northeast, passing northwest of Maling Cheng. It bends eastward and turns south, flowing past the eastern side of the city. The city lies within a river bend; here, Donghai Wang Yue beheaded Jisang. Shang He then flows northeast again, passing north of the former Fuping Xian city. The "Ge Tu Zhi" says: This was a marquisate. During Wang Mang's reign, it was called Le'an Ting. Ying Shao said: Emperor Ming changed its name to Yanci. Kan Yin said: Yanci Xian was originally the fief of Fu Ping Hou, Cheqi Jiangjun Zhang Anshi. No, that is not correct. According to the "Book of Han," in the sixth year of Yuangfeng era under Emperor Zhao, Zhang Anshi was enfeoffed as Fu Ping Hou by serving as You Jiangjun. After his death, his son Yanshou inherited the marquisate, with a separate fief in Chenliu, located within Wei Jun.
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《陳留風俗傳》曰：陳留尉氏縣安陵鄉，故富平縣也，是乃安世所食矣。歲入租千餘萬，延壽自以身無功德，何堪久居先人大國，上書請減戶。天子以為有讓，徙封平原，並食一邑，戶口如故，而稅減半。 |
| | The "Chenliu Fengsu Zhuan" says: Anling Xiang, Weishi Xian of Chenliu was formerly Fu Ping Xian; this is the fief that Zhang Anshi received. The annual tax revenue was over ten million units; Yanshou, considering himself unworthy and without great merit, felt he could not long remain in such a large fief inherited from his ancestors. He submitted a memorial requesting a reduction in the number of households under his jurisdiction. The emperor, moved by Yanshou's humility and sense of propriety, transferred him to Pingyuan, where he was granted a single fief. The number of households remained the same as before, but his tax revenue was reduced by half.
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《十三州志》曰：明帝永平五年，改曰厭次矣。按《史記·高祖功臣侯者年表》，高帝六年，封元頃為侯國。 |
| | The "Shisan Zhou Zhi" says: In the fifth year of Yongping era under Emperor Ming, it was renamed Yanci. According to the "Shiji · Gaozu Gongchen Houzhe Nianbiao," in the sixth year of Emperor Gao's reign, Yuanqing was enfeoffed with a marquisate.
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徐廣《音義》曰：《漢書》作爰類。是知厭次舊名，非始明帝，蓋復故耳。縣西有東方朔冢，冢側有祠，祠有神驗。水側有雲城，漢武帝元封四年，封齊孝王子劉信為侯國也。商河又分為二水，南水謂之長叢溝，東流傾注于海。溝南海側，有蒲臺，臺高八丈，方二百步。 |
| | Xu Guang's "Yinyi" says: The "Book of Han" records it as Yuangui. This shows that the former name Yanci was not first used during Emperor Ming's reign; rather, it was a restoration of an old name. To the west of the county is the tomb of Dongfang Shuo. Beside the tomb stands a shrine, and this shrine is said to have miraculous powers. Nearby by the river is Yun Cheng; in the fourth year of Yuanfeng era under Emperor Wu, Liu Xin, son of King Xiaowang of Qi, was enfeoffeed here with a marquisate. Shang He then splits into two streams; the southern stream is called Changcong Gou, flowing eastward to pour into the sea. By the seaside south of the gully lies Putai; the platform is eight zhang high and two hundred bu in area.
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《三齊略記》曰：鬲城東南有蒲臺，秦始皇東遊海上，于臺下上蟠蒲繫馬，至今每歲蒲生，縈委若有繫狀，似水楊，可以為箭。今東去海三十里。北水世又謂之百薄瀆，東北流注于海水矣。大河又東北逕高唐縣故城西，《春秋左傳·襄公十九年》，齊靈公廢太子光而立公子牙，以夙沙衛為少傅，齊侯卒，崔杼逆光，光立，殺公子牙于句瀆之丘，衛奔高唐以叛。京相璠曰：本平原縣也，齊之西鄙也。大河逕其西而不出其東，《經》言出東，誤耳。大河又北逕張公城，臨側河湄，衛青州刺史張治此，故世謂之張公城。水有津焉，名之曰張公渡。河水又北逕平原縣故城東。 |
| | The "San Qi Lue Ji" says: To the southeast of Ge Cheng is Putai. When Emperor Qin Shi Huang toured eastward along the sea, he tied his horse to a wisteria vine at the foot of this platform. To this day, every year wisteria grows there, winding and twisting as if still bound; it resembles willow by water and can be used for making arrows. Now, it lies thirty li east of the sea. The northern stream is also commonly called Baibo Du; flowing northeastward, it eventually empties into the sea. The Yellow River then flows northeast, passing west of the former Gaotang Xian city. According to "Zuo Zhuan · Spring and Autumn Annals, 19th Year of 襄公," King Ling of Qi deposed Crown Prince Guang and instead installed Gongzi Ya as heir, appointing Susa Wei as his junior tutor. After the death of the ruler of Qi, Cui Zhu went to retrieve Guang, who was then enthroned; Gongzi Ya was killed at Goudu Qiu. Hearing this, Wei fled to Gaotang in rebellion. Jing Xiangpan said: It was originally Pingyuan Xian and the western frontier of Qi. The Yellow River flows past its west side without exiting to the east; thus, the "Jing" stating that it originates from the east is incorrect. The Yellow River then flows north past Zhanggong Cheng, which lies right by the riverbank. Zhang, who served as Zhizhou Cishi of Qingzhou, governed here; hence, it is known in later times as Zhanggong Cheng. There is a ferry crossing on the river, named Zhanggong Du. The Yellow River then flows north again, passing east of the former Pingyuan Xian city.
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《地理風俗記》曰：原，博平也，故曰平原矣。縣，故平原郡治矣。漢高帝六年置，王莽改曰河平也。晉灼曰：齊西有平原。河水東北過高唐，高唐，即平原也。故《經》言，河水逕高唐縣東。非也。 |
| | "The Ge Tu Feng Su Ji" says: Yuan and Boping were ancient names for this place, hence it is called Pingyuan. This xian was the former seat of Pingyuan Jun. It was established in the sixth year of Emperor Gao's reign and renamed Heping by Wang Mang. Jin Zhuo said: To the west of Qi lies Pingyuan. The Yellow River flows northeast past Gaotang; Gaotang is the same as Pingyuan. Therefore, the "Jing" says: The Yellow River passes east of Gaotang Xian. No, that is incorrect.
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按《地理志》曰：高唐，漯水所出，平原，則篤馬河導焉。明平原非高唐，大河不得出其東，審矣。大河右溢，世謂之甘棗溝，水側多棗，故俗取名焉。河盛則委泛，水耗則輟流。故溝又東北歷長隄，逕漯陰縣北，東逕著城北，東為陂淀，淵潭相接，世謂之穢野薄。河水又東北逕阿陽縣故城西，漢高帝六年，封郎中萬訢為侯國。應劭曰：漯陰縣東南五十里有阿陽鄉，故縣也。 |
| | According to the "Ge Tu Zhi": Gaotang is where Lu Shui originates, while Pingyuan is where Duma He begins. This clearly shows that Pingyuan was not the same as Gaotang; therefore, it is certain that the Yellow River could not have flowed east of it. The Yellow River overflows to its right, forming a stream known as Ganzao Gou; the area along this water has many jujube trees, hence the common name. When the river is in flood, it spreads widely; when its flow diminishes, it dries up. Thus, the gully flows northeast through Changdi, passing north of Lu Yin Xian. To the east it passes north of Zhu Cheng and becomes a series of ponds and pools connected by deep waters; this area is commonly known as Huiye Bo. The Yellow River then flows northeast again, passing west of the former Ayang Xian city. In the sixth year of Gao Di's reign in the Han dynasty, Wan Xin was enfeoffed as marquis here after serving as Langzhong. Ying Shao said: Fifty li southeast of Lu Yin Xian is Ayang Xiang, the former site of a county.
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又東北過漯陰縣北， |
| | It then flows northeast again past north of Luyin Xian.
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河水自平原左逕安德城東，而北為鹿角津。東北逕般縣、樂陵、朸鄉至厭次縣故城南，為厭次河。漢安帝永初二年，劇賊畢豪等數百，乘船寇平原，縣令劉雄，門下小吏所輔，浮舟追至厭次津，與賊合戰，竝為賊擒，求代雄，豪縱雄于此津，所輔可謂孝盡愛敬，義極君臣矣。河水右逕漯陰縣故城北，王莽之巨武縣也。河水又東北為漯沃津，在漯沃縣故城南，王莽之延亭者也。 |
| | The Yellow River, flowing leftward from Pingyuan past the east side of Ande Cheng, turns north to form Lujiao Jin (a ferry crossing). It then flows northeast past Ban Xian, Leling, Lexiang, and reaches the southern side of Yanci Xian's former city, where it is known as Yanci He. In the second year of Yongan era under Emperor An, a bandit named Bi Hao and hundreds of his followers boarded boats to raid Pingyuan. The county magistrate Liu Xiong, along with Xiao Li Suofu from the gatehouse staff, pursued them by boat until Yanci Jin (ferry). There they engaged in battle with the bandits and were both captured. Suofu pleaded for a substitute for Liu Xiong; moved by this, Hao released Liu at this ferry crossing. Suofu can truly be said to have demonstrated utmost filial devotion and respect, as well as loyalty reaching the highest level of ruler-subject relations. The Yellow River flows to its right past north of Lu Yin Xian's former city; this was known as Juwu Xian during Wang Mang's reign. The Yellow River then turns northeast again to form Luowo Jin, located south of the former Luowo Xian city; this was called Yanting during Wang Mang's reign.
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《地理風俗記》曰：千乘縣西北五十里有大河，河北有漯沃城，故縣也。魏改為後部亭，今俗遂名之曰右輔城。河水又東逕千乘城北，伏琛之所謂千乘北城者也。 |
| | The "Ge Tu Feng Su Ji" says: Fifty li northwest of Qiansheng Xian is a great river, and to the north of it lies Luowo Cheng, an ancient county. In Wei dynasty, it was changed into Houbu Ting; today, the common people call it Youfu Cheng. The Yellow River then flows east again past north of Qiansheng Cheng; this is what Fu Chen referred to as the northern city of Qiansheng.
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又東北過利縣北，又東北過甲下邑，濟水從西來注之，又東北入于海。 |
| | It then flows northeast past north of Li Xian, and further northeast past Ji Xia Yi. The Ji Shui River joins it from the west; flowing northeast again, it enters the sea.
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河水又東分為二水，枝津東逕甲下城南，東南歷馬常坈注濟。《經》言濟水注河，非也。河水自枝津東北流，逕甲下邑北，世謂之倉子城。又東北流，入于海。 |
| | The Yellow River then splits into two branches to the east; one branch flows northeast past south of Ji Xia Cheng, turns southeast through Machang Hu and joins the Ji Shui. The "Jing" says that the Ji Shui flows into the Yellow River; this is incorrect. From the branch, the Yellow River flows northeastward past north of Ji Xia Yi, commonly known as Cangzi Cheng. It then continues flowing northeast and enters the sea.
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《淮南子》曰：九折注于海，而流不絶者，崑崙之輸也，《尚書·禹貢》曰：夾右碣石入于河。 |
| | The "Huai Nan Zi" says: The nine bends flow into the sea without ceasing; this is due to the supply from Kunlun. As stated in the "Shangshu · Yu Gong": "It flows between the right side of Jieshi and enters the Yellow River."
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《山海經》曰：碣石之山，繩水出焉，東流注于河。河之入海，舊在碣石，今川流所導，非禹瀆也。周定王五年，河徙故瀆。故班固曰：商竭，周移也。又以漢武帝元光二年，河又徙東郡，更注渤海。是以漢司空掾王璜言曰：往者天嘗連雨，東北風，海水溢，西南出侵數百里。故張折云：碣石在海中。蓋淪于海水也。昔燕、齊遼曠，分置營州，今城屆海濱，海水北侵，城垂淪者半。王璜之言，信而有徵；碣石入海，非無證矣。 |
| | The "Shan Hai Jing" says: From Jieshi Shan flows the Sheng Shui, which flows eastward into the Yellow River. In ancient times, where the river entered the sea was at Jieshi; today's course has been altered and is no longer the original Yu Du. In the fifth year of Emperor Dingwang's reign in the Zhou dynasty, the river changed its course from the old channel. Hence Ban Gu said: "The Shang dynasty's river dried up; the Zhou dynasty's shifted." It is also recorded that in the second year of Yuanguang era under Emperor Wu of Han, the river changed course again to Dong Jun and flowed into Bohai Gulf. Therefore, Wang Huang, an official under the Han dynasty's Sikong, said: "In the past, continuous rains and northeasterly winds caused seawater to overflow, surging inland for hundreds of li toward the southwest." Hence Zhang She said: Jieshi is located in the sea. It has been submerged by seawater. In the past, Yan and Qi were vast and remote regions where Ying Zhou was established. Now, the city lies by the seashore; seawater has encroached from the north, with half of it on the verge of being submerged. Wang Huang's words are credible and well-supported; The fact that Jieshi has been submerged by the sea is not without evidence.
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