| | 潁水: |
潁水出潁川陽城縣西北少室山， |
| | The Ying Shui River originates from the Shaoshi Mountain northwest of Yangcheng Xian, Yingchuan.
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| | 潁水: |
秦始皇十七年滅韓，以其地為潁川郡，蓋因水以著稱者也。漢高帝二年，以為韓國，王莽之左隊也。 |
| | In the seventeenth year of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's reign (230 BC), the state of Han was destroyed, and its territory was established as Yingchuan Jun. This is probably named after the river that is famous there. In the second year of Emperor Gao Di's reign in the Han dynasty (205 BC), it was established as the state of Han, which later became Zuodui during Wang Mang's rule.
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| | 潁水: |
《山海經》曰：潁水出少室山。 |
| | The Shan Hai Jing says: "The Ying Shui River flows from Shaoshi Mountain."
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| | 潁水: |
《地理志》曰：出陽城縣陽乾山。今潁水有三源奇發，右水出陽乾山之潁谷，《春秋》潁考叔為其封人。其水東北流。中水導源少室通阜，東南流逕負黍亭東，《春秋·定公六年》，鄭伐馮、滑、負黍者也。 |
| | The Di Li Zhi says: "It flows from Yanggan Mountain in Yangcheng Xian." Now the Ying Shui River has three sources emerging separately. The right source flows from Ying Gu in Yanggan Mountain; this is where, according to the Chun Qiu, Ying Kaoshou was the official in charge of guarding the territory. The water flows northeast. The middle source originates from Shaoshi Tongfu, flows southeast and passes east of Fusu Ting. This is the place mentioned in the Chun Qiu · Ding Gong Nian 6 where Zheng attacked Feng, Hua, and Fusu.
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| | 潁水: |
馮敬通《顯志賦》曰：求善卷之所在，遇許由于負黍。京相璠曰：負黍在潁川陽城縣西南二十七里，世謂之黃城也。亦或謂是水為㶏水，東與右水合。左水出少室南溪，東合潁水。故作者互舉二山，言水所發也。 |
| | Feng Jingtong's Xian Zhi Fu says: "Seeking the place where Shan Juan once lived, I met Xu Yu at Fushu." Jing Xiangfan said: "Fushu is located 27 li southwest of Yangcheng Xian in Yingchuan; it is commonly known as Huang Cheng." Some also refer to this water as Huishui, which flows east and joins the right source. The left source originates from Naxi in the southern part of Shaoshi Mountain and flows east to join the Ying Shui River. Therefore, different authors mention both mountains, referring to where the river originates.
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| | 潁水: |
《呂氏春秋》曰：卞隨恥受湯讓，自投此水而死。張顯《逸民傳》、嵇叔夜《高士傳》竝言投泂水而死，未知其孰是也。 |
| | The Lü Shi Chun Qiu says: "Bian Sui was ashamed to accept Tang's abdication and threw himself into this river, where he died." Zhang Xian's Yi Min Zhuan and Ji Shuye's Gao Shi Zhuan both mention that he threw himself into Jiong Shui and died; it remains unknown which account is correct.
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| | 潁水: |
東南過其縣南， |
| | It flows southeast, passing south of Qi Xian.
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| | 潁水: |
潁水又東，五渡水注之，其水導源崈高縣東北太室東溪。縣，漢武帝置，以奉太室山，俗謂之崧陽城。及春夏雨泛，水自山頂而迭相灌澍，崿流相承，為二十八浦也。暘旱輟津，而石潭不耗，道路遊憩者，惟得餐飲而已，無取澡盥其中，苟不如法，必數日不豫，是以行者憚之。山下大潭，周數里，而清深肅潔。水中有立石，高十餘丈，廣二十許步，上甚平整。緇素之士，多泛舟升陟，取暢幽情。其水東南逕陽城西，石溜縈委，溯者五涉，故亦謂之五渡水。東南流入潁水。潁水逕其縣故城南，昔舜禪禹，禹避商均，伯益避啟，竝于此也。亦周公以土圭測日景處。漢成帝永始元年，封趙臨為侯國也。縣南對箕山，山上有許由冢，堯所封也。故太史公曰：余登箕山，其上有許由墓焉。山下有牽牛墟，側潁水有犢泉，是巢父還牛處也，石上犢跡存焉。又有許由廟，碑闕尚存，是漢潁川太守朱寵所立。潁水逕其北，東與龍淵水合，其水導源龍淵，東南流逕陽城北，又東南入于潁。潁水又東，平洛溪水注之，水發玉女臺下平洛澗，世謂之平洛水。呂忱所謂勺水出陽城山。蓋斯水也。又東南流，注于潁。潁水又東出陽關，歷康城南，魏明帝封尚書右僕射衛臻為康鄉侯，此即臻封邑也。 |
| | The Ying Shui River then flows eastward, and the Wudu Shui flows into it. The source of this water originates from Tai Shi Dong Xi in the northeast of Chonggao Xian. The xian was established by Emperor Wu of Han to serve Tai Shi Mountain; it is commonly called Songyang Cheng. In spring and summer, when the rains are heavy, water flows from the mountain top in successive cascades. The streams flow one after another, forming twenty-eight pusu. During dry and hot weather, the water dries up, yet the stone pools do not diminish. Travelers resting along the way can only obtain food and drink; they cannot use the water for washing or rinsing their mouths. If one does so improperly, it will certainly cause illness within a few days, which is why travelers are wary of this place. The large pool at the foot of the mountain spans several li in circumference and is clear, deep, and clean. There are upright stones in the water, over ten zhang high, about twenty bu wide at the base, with a very flat top. Both monks and laymen often take boats to ascend and explore, seeking to enjoy the tranquility of this secluded place. The water flows southeast past the west side of Yangcheng, with rocky rapids winding along its course. Travelers going upstream must cross it five times; hence, it is also called Wudu Shui. It flows southeast into the Ying Shui River. The Ying Shui passes south of the old city site of Qi Xian. In ancient times, when Shun abdicated to Yu, Yu avoided conflict with Shang Jun, and Boyi avoided conflict with Qi; all these events took place here. It was also the site where the Duke of Zhou used a tigu to measure the sun's shadow. In the first year of Yongshi during Emperor Chengdi's reign in the Han Dynasty (25 BC), Zhao Lin was enfeoffed as a marquis here. To the south of the county lies Jishan Mountain, on which is the tomb of Xu You, who was enfeoffed by Yao. Therefore, the Grand Historian said: "I climbed Jishan Mountain and found Xu You's tomb there." At the foot of the mountain is Qianniu Xu, and by the side of the Ying Shui River is Dudquan. This was where Chaofu returned his ox; the hoofprints of a calf are still visible on the stone. There is also a Xu You Temple, with its stele and gate pillars still standing; it was built by Zhu Chong, the governor of Yingchuan during the Han dynasty. The Ying Shui flows north of it, and to the east joins Longyuan Shui. This water originates from Longyuan, flows southeast past the north side of Yangcheng, then turns further southeast and merges into the Ying Shui. The Ying Shui then flows east, and Pingluo Xi Shui joins it. This water originates from Pingluo Jian below Yvnv Tai; the world commonly refers to it as Pingluo Shui. Lü Chen referred to this as Shaoshui, which originates from Yangcheng Mountain. This is the water in question. It then flows southeast and joins the Ying Shui River. The Ying Shui then flows further east, exiting Yangguan and passing south of Kang Cheng. Emperor Mingdi of Wei enfeoffed Wei Zhen, the Right Puye Minister of the Ministry of Works, as Marquis of Kangxiang; this was precisely where Zhen's fief was located.
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| | 潁水: |
又東南過陽翟縣北， |
| | It then flows southeast past the northern side of Yangzhe Xian.
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| | 潁水: |
潁水東南流逕陽關聚，聚夾水相對，俗謂之東、西二土城也。潁水又逕上棘城西，又屈逕其城南，《春秋左傳·襄公十八年》，楚師伐鄭，城上棘以涉潁者也。縣西有故堰，堰石崩褫，頹基尚存，舊遏潁水枝流所出也。其故瀆東南逕三封山北，今無水。渠中又有泉流出焉，時人謂之嵎水，東逕三封山東，東南歷大陵西，亦曰啟筮亭。啟享神于大陵之上，即鈞臺也。 |
| | The Ying Shui flows southeast past Yangguan Ju, where the settlement is flanked by water on both sides. Locals call them East and West Tucheng. The Ying Shui then passes west of Shangji Cheng, turns again to flow south of the city. As recorded in Zuo Zhuan · Xiang Gong 18 years: this was where the Chu army attacked Zheng and built a city at Shangji to cross the Ying River. To the west of the xian is an old weir; its stone structure has collapsed and peeled away, but the remnants still remain. This was originally built to control a tributary branch of the Ying Shui River's flow. The old channel flows southeast past the north of Sanfeng Mountain, but there is no water there now. There are also springs emerging within the channel; people of that time called it Yu Shui. It flows east past the east side of Sanfeng Mountain and then southeast, passing west of Daling, which is also known as Qishi Ting. Qi made sacrifices to the gods on top of Daling; this was Juntai.
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| | 潁水: |
《春秋左傳》曰：夏啟有鈞臺之鄉是也。杜預曰：河南陽翟縣南有鈞臺。其水又東南流，水積為陂，陂方十里，俗謂之鈞臺陂，蓋陂指臺取名也。又西南流逕夏亭城西，又屈而東南為郟之靡陂。潁水自堨東逕陽翟縣故城北，夏禹始封于此為夏國，故武王至周曰：吾其有夏之居乎？遂營洛邑。徐廣曰：河南陽城、陽翟，則夏地也。《春秋經》書：秋，鄭伯突入于櫟。《左傳·桓公十五年》，突殺檀伯而居之。服虔曰：檀伯，鄭守櫟大夫；櫟，鄭之大都。宋忠曰：今陽翟也。周末，韓景侯自新鄭徙都之。王隱曰：陽翟本櫟也。故潁川郡治也。城西有《郭奉孝碑》，側水有《九山祠碑》。叢柏猶茂，北枕川流也。 |
| | The Zuo Zhuan of the Chun Qiu says: "This is where Xia Qi held sacrifices at Jun Tai." Du Yu said: "There is a Juntai to the south of Yangzhe Xian in Henan." The water then flows southeast, accumulating into a pond. The pond is ten li square and commonly known as Jun Tai Bei; this name likely derives from the nearby Juntai. It then flows southwest past the west of Xiating Cheng, turns southeast again to become Mi Bei in Jia. The Ying Shui, flowing east from the weir, passes north of the old city site of Yangzhe Xian; Xia Yu was first enfeoffed here to establish the Xia state. Therefore, King Wu of Zhou said: "Shall we reach the former capital of Xia?" And so they established Luoyi as their base. Xu Guang said: "Yangcheng and Yangzhe in Henan were territories of the Xia dynasty." The Chun Qiu Jing records: "In autumn, Duke Tu of Zheng entered Lu." Zuo Zhuan · Huan Gong 15 years states that Tu killed Tan Bo and took residence there. Fu Qian said: "Tan Bo was the official in charge of Lu for Zheng." Lu was a major city of Zheng. Song Zhong said: "This is now Yangzhe." At the end of the Zhou dynasty, Han Jinghou moved his capital from Xinzheng to this place. Wang Yin said: "Yangzhe was originally called Lu." It was therefore the seat of Yingchuan Jun. To the west of the city is the Guo Fengxiao Bei, and by the riverbank is the Jiushan Ci Bei. The cypress trees are still flourishing, with the northern side facing the flowing river.
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| | 潁水: |
又東南過潁陽縣西，又東南過潁陰縣西南。 |
| | It then flows southeast past the western side of Yingyang Xian and further southeast past the southwest of Yingyin Xian.
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| | 潁水: |
應劭曰：縣在潁水之陽，故邑氏之。按《東觀漢記》，漢封車騎將軍馬防為侯國。防，城門校尉，位在九卿上，絶席。潁水又南逕潁鄉城西，潁陰縣故城在東北，舊許昌典農都尉治也，後改為縣，魏明帝封侍中辛毗為侯國也。潁水又東南逕柏祠曲東，歷岡丘城南，故汾丘城也。《春秋左傳·襄公十八年》，楚子庚治兵于汾。司馬彪曰：襄城縣有汾丘。杜預曰：在襄城縣之東北也。逕繁昌故縣北，曲蠡之繁陽亭也。 |
| | Ying Shao said: "The xian is located on the south bank of the Ying Shui, hence its name." According to Dongguan Han Ji, in the Han dynasty, Cheqi Jiangjun Ma Fang was enfeoffed with this place as his marquisate. Fang served as Chengmen Jiao Wei, a position ranked above the Nine Ministers and was granted an exclusive seat of honor. The Ying Shui then turns south and flows past the west of Yingxiang Cheng. The old city site of Yingyin Xian is located to its northeast; it was originally the seat of Dian Nong Du Wei in Xu Chang, later changed into a xian. It was also where Emperor Mingdi of Wei enfeoffee Shi Zhong Xin Pi as marquis. The Ying Shui then flows southeast past the east of Baici Qu, passing south of Gangqiu Cheng. This was formerly known as Fenqiu Cheng. Zuo Zhuan of Chun Qiu · Xiang Gong Eighteen years records: "Chu Zi Geng trained troops at Fen." Sima Biao said: "Xiangcheng Xian has Fenqiu." Du Yu said: "It is located in the northeast of Xiangcheng Xian." It passes north of Fanchang Gu Xian, which was Qu Li's Fanyang Ting.
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| | 潁水: |
《魏書·國志》曰：文帝以漢獻帝延康元年，行至曲蠡，登壇受禪于是地，改元黃初。其年，以潁陰之繁陽亭為繁昌縣。城內有三臺，時人謂之繁昌臺。壇前有二碑，昔魏文帝受禪于此。自壇而降曰：舜、禹之事，吾知之矣。故其石銘曰：遂于繁昌築靈壇也。于後其碑六字生金，論者以為司馬金行，故曹氏六世遷魏而事晉也。潁水又東南流逕青陵亭城北，北對青陵陂，陂縱廣二十里，潁水逕其北，枝入為陂。陂西則漷水注之，水出襄城縣之邑城下，東流注于陂。陂水又東入臨潁縣之狼陂。潁水又東南流而歷臨潁縣也。 |
| | The Wei Shu · Guo Zhi states: "Emperor Wen Di, in the first year of Yankang during Emperor Xian of Han's reign (220 AD), traveled to Qu Li, ascended the altar for abdication here, and changed the era name to Huangchu." In that year, Fanyang Ting in Yingyin was established as Fanchang Xian. Inside the city are three terraces; people of that time referred to them as Fanchang Tai. In front of the altar there are two steles, where Emperor Wen Di once accepted abdication. Descending from the altar, he said: "The matters of Shun and Yu, I now understand." Therefore, its stone inscription reads: "Thus they built the sacred altar at Fanchang." Later, six characters on the stele turned to gold; commentators believed this was a sign of "Sima Jin Xing," hence the Cao family ruled for six generations before transferring power to Wei and serving the Jin dynasty. The Ying Shui then continues southeast, flowing past the north of Qingling Ting Cheng. Facing it to the north is Qingling Bei, a pond twenty li long and wide; the Ying Shui flows along its northern side, with a branch entering the pond. To the west of this pond is Huo Shui flowing into it; its source is at Yicheng in Xiangcheng Xian, and it flows eastward to join the pond. The water of this pond then flows east into Lang Bei in Linying Xian. The Ying Shui continues southeast and passes through Linying Xian as well.
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| | 潁水: |
又東南過臨潁縣南，又東南過汝南㶏强縣北，洧水從河南密縣東流注之。 |
| | It then flows southeast past the southern side of Linying Xian, and further southeast past the northern side of Huqiang Xian in Runan. The Wei Shui originates from Mian Xian in Henan to its south, flowing eastward into it.
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| | 潁水: |
臨潁，舊縣也。潁水自縣西注，小㶏水出焉。 |
| | Linying was an old xian. The Ying Shui flows westward from the county, and a small Huishui branches off from it.
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| | 潁水: |
《爾雅》曰：潁別為沙。郭景純曰：皆大水溢出，別為小水之名也，亦猶江別為沱也。潁水又東南逕臯城北，即古城臯亭矣。《春秋經》書，公及諸侯盟于臯鼬者也。臯、澤字相似，名與字乖耳。潁水又東逕㶏陽城南，《竹書紀年》曰：孫何取㶏陽。㶏强城在東北，潁水不得逕其北也。潁水又東南，潩水入焉，非洧水也。 |
| | The E Ya says: "A branch of Ying is called Sha." Guo Jingchun said: "These are all large rivers overflowing and forming smaller tributaries, just as the Jiang River branches into Tuo." The Ying Shui then flows southeast passing north of Gao Cheng, which is now known as Guocheng Gao Ting. This was where the Chun Qiu Jing recorded that "the Duke and feudal lords held an alliance at Gao Yu." The characters for Gao and Ze are similar, but their names differ slightly. The Ying Shui then flows east past the south of Hu Yang Cheng. The Zhu Shu Ji Nian says: "Sun He captured Hu Yang." Huqiang Cheng is located to the northeast, and the Ying Shui cannot flow north of it. The Ying Shui then flows farther southeast, with Yi Shui flowing into it—this is not the Wei Shui.
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| | 潁水: |
又東過西華縣北， |
| | It then flows east past the northern side of Xihua Xian.
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| | 潁水: |
王莽更名之曰華望也。有東，故言西矣。世祖光武皇帝建武中，封鄧晨為侯國。漢濟北戴封，字平仲，為西華令，遇天旱，慨治功無感，乃積柴坐其上以自焚，火起而大雨暴至，遠近歎服。永元十三年，徵太常焉。縣北有習陽城，潁水逕其南，《經》所謂洧水流注之也。 |
| | Wang Mang changed its name to Huawang. There is an east, hence the designation "west." During the Jianwu period of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han dynasty, Deng Chen was enfeoffed here as a marquis. In the Han dynasty, Dai Feng of Jibei, courtesy name Pingzhong, served as magistrate of Xihua. During a severe drought, he was deeply moved by his inability to bring relief and piled up firewood on which he sat and set himself ablaze. As soon as the fire started, heavy rain suddenly arrived, and people near and far were astonished and admiring. In the thirteenth year of Yongyuan (91 AD), he was summoned to serve as Taichang. To the north of the county is Xiyang Cheng, through which the Ying Shui flows to its south—this is what the Classic refers to as the Wei Shui flowing into it.
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| | 潁水: |
又南過女陽縣北， |
| | It then flows south past the northern side of Nuyang Xian.
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| | 潁水: |
縣故城南有汝水枝流，故縣得厥稱矣。闞駰曰：本汝水別流，其後枯竭，號曰死汝水，故其字無水。余按汝、女乃方俗之音，故字隨讀改，未必一如闞氏之說，以窮通損字也。潁水又東，大㶏水注之，又東南逕博陽縣故城東，城在南頓縣北四十里，漢宣帝封邴吉為侯國，王莽更名樂嘉。 |
| | To the south of the old city wall of this county is a tributary branch of the Ru Shui, hence the name of the county. Kan Yin said: Originally a tributary of the Ru Shui, it later dried up and was called the "Dead Ru Shui," hence its name lacks the character for water. I believe that Ru and Nü are local dialect pronunciations, so the characters change according to pronunciation; it is not necessarily as Kan Shi claimed, arbitrarily altering characters based on whether a stream dried up or remained flowing. The Ying Shui then flows further east, with the Da Hu Shui flowing into it; continuing southeast, it passes to the east of the old city of Boyang Xian. The city is located forty li north of Nandun Xian. In the Han dynasty, Emperor Xuan enfeoffed Bing Ji here as a marquis; Wang Mang later changed its name to Lejia.
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| | 潁水: |
又東南過南頓縣北，㶏水從西來流注之。 |
| | It then flows southeast past the northern side of Nandun Xian, with Hu Shui coming from the west and flowing into it.
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| | 潁水: |
㶏水于樂嘉縣入潁，不至于頓。頓，故頓子國也，周之同姓。《春秋·僖公二十五年》，楚伐陳，納頓子于頓是也，俗謂之潁陰城，非也。潁水又東南逕陳縣南，又東南，左會交口者也。 |
| | The Hu Shui enters the Ying Shui at Lejia Xian; it does not reach Dun. Dun was formerly the state of Dunzi, a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty and part of its same clan. In the "Spring and Autumn Annals, 25th year of Xigong," it records that Chu attacked Chen and installed Dunzi as ruler in Dun—this is what people commonly refer to as Yingyin Cheng; this is incorrect. The Ying Shui then flows southeast past the southern side of Chen Xian, and further southeast, it converges on its left with Jiaokou.
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| | 潁水: |
又東南至新陽縣北，蒗𦿆渠水從西北來注之。 |
| | It then flows southeast to the northern side of Xinyang Xian, where Langzhang Qu Shui comes from the northwest and flows into it.
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| | 潁水: |
《經》云蒗𦿆渠者，百尺溝之名別也。潁水南合交口新溝，自是東出。潁上有堰，謂之新陽堰，俗謂之山陽堨，非也。新溝自潁北東出，縣在水北，故應劭曰：縣在新水之陽。今縣故城在東，明潁水不出其北，蓋《經》誤耳。潁水自堰東南流，逕項縣故城北，《春秋·僖公十七年》，魯滅項是矣。潁水又東，右合谷水，水上承平鄉諸陂，東北逕南頓縣故城南，側城東注。《春秋左傳》所謂頓迫于陳而奔楚，自頓徙南，故曰南頓也。今其城在頓南三十餘里。又東逕項城中，楚襄王所郭，以為別都。都內西南小城，項縣故城也，舊潁州治。谷水逕小城北，又東逕魏豫州刺史賈逵祠北。王隱言，祠在城北。非也。廟在小城東，昔王凌為宣王司馬懿所執，屆廟而歎曰：賈梁道，王凌魏之忠臣，惟汝有靈知之。遂仰鴆而死。廟前有碑，碑石金生。干寶曰：黃金可採，為晉中興之瑞。谷水又東流出城，東注潁。潁水又東，側潁有公路城，袁術所築也，故世因以術字名城矣。潁水又東逕臨潁城北，城臨水闕南面，又東逕雲陽二城間，南北翼水，竝非所具。又東逕丘頭。丘頭南枕水，《魏書·郡國志》曰：宣王軍次丘頭，王凌面縛水次，故號武丘矣。潁水又東南流，于故城北，細水注之，水上承陽都陂，陂水枝分，東南出為細水。東逕新陽縣故城北，又東南逕宋縣故城北，縣，即所謂郪丘者也。秦伐魏取郪丘，謂是邑矣。漢成帝綏和元年，詔封殷後于沛，以存三統。平帝元始四年，改曰宋公。章帝建初四年，徙邑于此，故號新郪，為宋公國也，王莽之新延矣。細水又南逕細陽縣，新溝水注之。溝首受交口，東北逕新陽縣故城南。漢高帝六年，封呂青為侯國，王莽更名曰新明也。故應劭曰：縣在新水之陽，今無水，故渠舊道而已。東入澤渚而散流入細。細水又東南逕細陽縣故城南，王莽更之曰樂慶也，世祖建武中，封岑彭子遵為侯國。細水又東南，積而為陂，謂之次塘，公私引裂，以供田溉。又東南流，屈而西南入潁。 |
| | The Classic refers to Langzhang Qu as a different name for Baichi Gou. The Ying Shui converges with the Jiaokou Xigou to the south and then flows east from there. There is a weir upstream of Ying Shui, called Xinyang Yan; it is commonly referred to as Shanyang Ae, but this is incorrect. Xigou flows east from the north of Ying Shui; since the county lies to the north side of the river, Ying Shao said: "The county is located on the southern bank of the Xin Shui." Nowadays, the old city wall of the county lies to the east, clearly showing that the Ying Shui does not flow north of it; this must be an error in the Classic. The Ying Shui flows southeast from the weir, passing to the north of the old city wall of Xiang Xian. This is what is recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Annals: 17th year of Xigong," when Lu destroyed Xiang. The Ying Shui then continues east, converging on its right with Gu Shui. The headwaters of Gu Shui originate from the various beis in Pingxiang; flowing northeast, it passes to the south of Nandun Xian's old city and flows eastward along the side of the city. This is what the "Zuo Zhuan" commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals refers to as Dun fleeing from Chen to Chu under pressure, moving southward from Dun; hence it was called Nandun. Nowadays, its city is located more than thirty li south of Dun. It then flows east through Xiang Chengzhong, which was walled by King Xiang of Chu as a secondary capital. The small city to the southwest within the capital is the old city wall of Xiang, formerly the seat of Ying Zhou. Gu Shui flows north past the small city and then east past the northern side of the shrine of Jia Kui, former governor of Yu Zhou in the Wei dynasty. Wang Yin stated that the shrine is located to the north of the city. No, this is incorrect. The temple is located to the east of the small city. In ancient times, Wang Ling was arrested by Sima Yi, the Duke Wenming of Jin (Xuanwang). Upon reaching the temple, he sighed and said: "Jia Liangdao, Wang Ling, a loyal minister of Wei—only you know this if your spirit is truly present." He then drank poison and died. There is a stele in front of the temple, with golden moss growing on the stone. Gan Bao said: "The gold can be mined; it is an omen of revival for the Jin dynasty." Gu Shui then flows east out of the city and empties into Ying Shui to the east. The Ying Shui continues eastward, and along its side is Gonglu Cheng, a city built by Yuan Shu; thus, the people of later generations named it after his surname. The Ying Shui then flows northeast past the northern side of Linying Cheng. The city faces south toward the river; further east, it passes between Yunyang Er Cheng. These two cities lie north and south along the water, but their exact locations are not clearly recorded. It then flows east past Qiutou. Qiutou lies to the south of the river. According to the "Jun Guo Zhi" section of the Wei Shu: When Duke Wenming (Xuanwang) stationed his army at Qiutou, Wang Ling bound himself and surrendered by the riverside; thus it was called Wuqiou. The Ying Shui then flows southeast, passing to the north of Gu Cheng, where Xi Shui flows into it. The headwaters of Xi Shui originate from Yangdu Bei; a tributary branch splits off and flows southeast as Xi Shui. It then flows east past the north of Xinyang Xian's old city, and further southeast past the northern side of Song Xian's old city. This county is what was formerly known as Qi Qiu. When Qin attacked Wei and captured Qi Qiu, this refers to that town. In the first year of Suíhuo during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, an imperial edict was issued to enfeoff descendants of Yin in Pei, so as to preserve the Three Systems. In the fourth year of Yuanshi during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han, it was changed to Gong of Song. In the fourth year of Jianchu during the reign of Emperor Zhang, the seat was moved here; thus it came to be called Xinqi and became the marquisate of Gong of Song. This is what Wang Mang renamed as Xinyan. Xi Shui then flows south through Xi Yang Xian, where Xin Gou Shui flows into it. The headwaters of the ditch receive Jiaokou and flow northeast past the southern side of Xinyang Xian's old city. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign in the Han dynasty, Lu Qing was enfeoffed as a marquis here; Wang Mang later renamed it Xinming. Therefore, Ying Shao said: "The county lies on the southern bank of Xin Shui." Now there is no river here; it was merely an old channel. It flows east into Zezhu and disperses into Xi Shui through various tributaries. Xi Shui then flows southeast past the south of Xi Yang Xian's old city, which Wang Mang renamed Leqing. During the Jianwu period under Emperor Guangwu, Cen Peng's son Zun was enfeoffed there as a marquis. Xi Shui then flows further southeast, where it accumulates into a beipond called Citang. Both public and private channels branch off from it to supply irrigation for farmland. It then continues flowing southeast, turns southwest, and flows into Ying Shui.
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《地理志》曰：細水出細陽縣，東南入潁。潁水又東南流逕胡城東，故胡子國也。《春秋·定公十五年》，楚滅胡，以胡子豹歸是也。 |
| | The "Ge Li Zhi" states: Xi Shui originates from Xi Yang Xian and flows southeast into Ying Shui. The Ying Shui then flows in a southeasterly direction past the east of Hu Cheng, which was formerly the state of Hu Zi. In the "Spring and Autumn Annals: 15th year of Dinggong," it records that Chu destroyed Hu, taking its ruler Hu Bao back with them.
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杜預《釋地》曰：汝陰縣西北有胡城也。潁水又東南，汝水枝津注之，水上承汝水別瀆于奇洛城東三十里，世謂之大㶏水也。東南逕召陵縣故城南，《春秋左傳·僖公四年》，齊桓公師于召陵，責楚貢不入，即此處也。城內有大井，徑數丈，水至清深。闞駰曰：召者，高也。其地丘墟，井深數丈，故以名焉。又東南逕征羌縣，故召陵縣之安陵鄉安陵亭也。世祖建武十一年，以封中郎將來歙，歙以征定西羌功，故更名征羌也。闞駰引《戰國策》以為秦昭王欲易地，謂此，非也。汝水別瀆又東逕公路臺北，臺臨水，方百步，袁術所築也。汝水別溝又東逕西門城，即南利也，漢宣帝封廣陵厲王子劉昌為侯國。縣北三十里有孰城，號曰北利，故瀆出于二利之間，間關女陽之縣，世名之死汝縣，取水名，故曰女陽也。又東逕南頓縣故城北，又東南逕鮦陽城北，又東逕邸鄉城北，又東逕固始縣故城北，《地理志》：縣，故寢也。寢丘在南，故藉丘名縣矣。王莽更名之曰閏治。孫叔敖以土浸薄，取而為封，故能綿嗣，城北猶有《叔敖碑》。建武二年，司空李通又慕叔敖受邑，故光武以嘉之，更名固始。別汝又東逕蔡岡北，岡上有平陽侯相蔡昭冢。昭字叔明，周后稷之胄，冢有石闕，闕前有二碑，碑字淪碎，不可復識，羊虎傾低，殆存而已。枝汝又東北流逕胡城南，而東歷女陰縣故城西北，東入潁水。潁水又東逕女陰縣故城北，《史記·高祖功臣侯者年表》曰：高祖六年，封夏侯嬰為侯國。王莽更名之曰汝濆也。縣在汝水之陰，故以汝水納稱。城西有一城，故陶丘鄉也，汝陰郡治。城外東北隅有舊臺翼城若丘，俗謂之女郎臺，雖經頹毀，猶自廣崇。上有一井，疑故陶丘鄉，所未詳。 |
| | Du Yu's "Shi Di" states: To the northwest of Ruyin Xian is Hu Cheng. The Ying Shui then flows further southeast and is joined by a tributary branch of Ru Shui. This waterway originates from a separate channel of the Ru Shui thirty li east of Qiluo Cheng, commonly known as Da Hu Shui. It then flows southeast past the southern side of Zhaoling Xian's old city. As recorded in the "Zuo Zhuan" commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annal's fourth year of Xigong, Duke Huan of Qi stationed his army at Zhaoling to demand tribute from Chu; this was exactly that location. Inside the city is a large well, several zhang in diameter, with water so clear and deep. Kan Yin said: "Zhao" means high. The land is a mound of ruins, and the well is several zhang deep; thus it was named after this. It then flows southeast through Zhengqiang Xian, which is the Anling Xiang and Anling Ting of former Zhaoling Xian. In the eleventh year of Jianwu during Emperor Guangwu's reign, it was enfeoffed to Zhonglangjiang Lai Xi. Xi received this title for his merit in subduing the western Qiang tribes; hence its name was changed to Zhengqiang. Kan Yin cited the "Zhanguoce" as stating that King Zhao of Qin wanted to exchange land, referring to this place; however, this is incorrect. A separate channel of Ru Shui then flows east and passes to the north of Gonglu Taibei. The terrace faces the river, covering an area of one hundred bu in each direction; it was built by Yuan Shu. Another branch of Ru Shui flows east and passes through Ximen Cheng, which is also known as Nanli. Emperor Xuan of the Han dynasty enfeoffed Liu Chang, a son of Prince Li of Guangling, here as a marquisate. Thirty li north of the county is Shu Cheng, known as Beili. The old channel flows between these two "Li" places and passes through Nuyang Xian; this place was commonly called SIRU Xian in later generations, taking its name from the river, hence it became known as Nuyang. It then flows east past the old city of Nandun Xian to its north, and further southeast passes through the northern side of Yuyang Cheng. Continuing east, it flows past the northern side of Dixiang Cheng; then further east, it flows along the northern side of Gushi Xian's old city. According to "Ge Li Zhi": The county was formerly known as Qin. Qin Qiu lies to the south, so the county took its name from this hill. Wang Mang later changed its name to Runzhi. Sun Shuao, seeing the soil was thin and weak, took it to build a dam; thus he was able to pass on his legacy. To this day, there is still the "Shuao Bei" (stele of Sun Shuao) north of the city. In the second year of Jianwu, Sikong Li Tong admired Sun Shuao and accepted a fief in this area. Thus Emperor Guangwu honored him by changing its name to Gushi. Another branch of Ru Shui then flows past the north side of Cai Gang, where on top of the hill is the tomb of Cai Zhao, former Xiang (governor) of Pingyang Hou. Zhao, courtesy name Shuming, was a descendant of the Zhou dynasty's Hou Ji. His tomb has stone gate towers; in front of them are two steles whose inscriptions have been eroded and cannot be read anymore. The yianghu (stone carvings) are tilted and low, barely remaining. The branch of Ru Shui then turns northeast and flows past the south side of Hu Cheng. It continues east, passing through the northwest of Nuyin Xian's old city before flowing into Ying Shui in the east. The Ying Shui then flows past to the north of Nuyin Xian's old city. According to the "Shiji: Table of Meritorious Ministers Enfeoffed by Emperor Gaozu," in the sixth year of Gaozu's reign, Xiahou Ying was enfeoffed with a marquisate here. Wang Mang later renamed it Rufen. The county lies to the south bank of Ru Shui, so its name incorporates a reference to the river. To the west of the city is another walled town, formerly Taoqiu Xiang, and it was the seat of Ruyin Jun (commandery). In the northeast corner outside the city wall is an old terrace and a walled hill resembling a mound, commonly called Nülang Tai. Though partially ruined, it remains broad and lofty. There is one well on top; it is suspected to be the former Taoqiu Xiang area, though details remain unclear.
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又東南至慎縣東，南入于淮。 |
| | It then flows southeast and reaches the east of Shen Xian, flowing south into the Huai River.
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潁水東南流，左合上吳、百尺二水，俱承次塘細陂，南流注于潁。潁水又東南，江陂水注之，水受大漴陂，陂水南流，積為江陂，南逕慎城西，側城南流入于潁。潁水又逕慎陽故城北，縣，故楚邑，白公所居以拒吳。《春秋左傳·哀公十六年》，吳人伐慎，白公敗之。王莽之慎治也。世祖建武中，封劉賜為侯國。潁水又東南逕蜩蟟郭東，俗謂之鄭城矣。又東南入于淮。《春秋·昭公十二年》，楚子狩于州來，次于潁尾，蓋潁水之會淮也。 |
| | The Ying Shui flows in a southeasterly course, converging on its left with the two waterways of Shangwu and Baichi. Both originate from Citang Xi Bei, flow southward, and join the Ying Shui. The Ying Shui then flows further south, with Jiang Bei Shui flowing into it. This water originates from Dachong Bei; the beipond's waters flow south and accumulate as Jiang Bei. Flowing southward past the western side of Shen Cheng, they enter the Ying Shui along its southern edge. The Ying Shui then passes to the north of Shenyang Gu Cheng. This county was formerly a town in the state of Chu, where Bai Gong resided and resisted Wu. In the sixteenth year of Aigong's reign as recorded in the "Zuo Zhuan" commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annuls, Wu attacked Shen, but was defeated by Bai Gong. This is what Wang Mang renamed it as Shenzhi. During the Jianwu period under Emperor Guang Wu, Liu Ci was enfeoffed here with a marquisate. The Ying Shui then flows southeastern past the east of Tiaoling Guo, commonly known as Zheng Cheng. It then continues southeast and flows into the Huai River. In the twelfth year of Zhaogong's reign as recorded in "Spring and Autumn Annals," King Chusi of Chu hunted at Zhoulai, and stayed at Yingwei—this was where the Ying Shui meets the Huai.
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