| | 朱桓傳: |
|
| | Zi Yi Fu
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
朱桓字休穆，吳郡吳人也。孫權為將軍，桓給事幕府，除餘姚長。往遇疫癘，穀食荒貴，桓分部良吏，隱親醫藥，飱粥相繼，士民感戴之。遷盪寇校尉，授兵二千人，使部伍吳、會二郡，鳩合遺散，期年之間，得萬餘人。後丹楊、鄱陽山賊蜂起，攻沒城郭，殺略長吏，處處屯聚。桓督領諸將，周旋赴討，應皆平定。稍遷裨將軍，封新城亭侯。 |
| | Zhu Huan, courtesy name Xiumu, was a native of Wu commandery, Wu. Sun Quan served as a general, and Zhu Huan worked in his military office. He was appointed as the magistratus of Yuyao. When an epidemic broke out, grain became scarce and expensive. Zhu Huan assigned capable officials to distribute relief, personally visited the sick for medical treatment, provided meals and porridge in succession, and both soldiers and civilians were deeply grateful to him. He was promoted to Dangkou Jiaowei and given 2,000 soldiers. He was ordered to organize the military units in Wu and Kuai commanderies, gathering those who had scattered or been lost. Within a year, he recruited more than ten thousand people. Later, mountain bandits in Danyang and Poyang rose up like swarms of bees. They attacked and captured cities, killing officials and seizing territory, gathering in groups all over the region. Zhu Huan supervised various generals, repeatedly leading expeditions to suppress them, and all rebellions were pacified as a result. He was gradually promoted to Bijiangjun and enfeoffed as the Marquis of Xincheng Ting.
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
後代周泰為濡須督。黃武元年，魏使大司馬曹仁步騎數萬向濡須，仁欲以兵襲取州上，偽先揚聲，欲東攻羨溪。桓分兵將赴羨溪，旣發，卒得仁進軍拒濡須七十里間。桓遣使追還羨溪兵，兵未到而仁奄至。時桓手下及所部兵，在者五千人，諸將業業，各有懼心，桓喻之曰：「凡兩軍交對，勝負在將，不在衆寡。諸君聞曹仁用兵行師，孰與桓邪？兵法所以稱客倍而主人半者，謂俱在平原，無城池之守，又謂士衆勇怯齊等故耳。今人旣非智勇，加其士卒甚怯，又千里步涉，人馬罷困，桓與諸軍，共據高城，南臨大江，北背山陵，以逸待勞，為主制客，此百戰百勝之勢也。雖曹丕自來，尚不足憂，況仁等邪！」桓因偃旗鼓，外示虛弱，以誘致仁。仁果遣其子泰攻濡須城，分遣將軍常雕督諸葛虔、王雙等，乘油船別襲中洲。中洲者，部曲妻子所在也。仁自將萬人留橐臯，復為泰等後拒。桓部兵將攻取油船，或別擊雕等，桓等身自拒泰，燒營而退，遂梟雕，生虜雙，送武昌，臨陣斬溺，死者千餘。權嘉桓功，封嘉興侯，遷奮武將軍，領彭城相。 |
| | Later, he succeeded Zhou Tai as commander at Ruxu. In the first year of Huangwu, Wei sent its Grand Marshal Cao Ren with tens of thousands of infantry and cavalry toward Ruxu. Cao Ren intended to attack Zhou Shang by surprise, but pretended at first to make a loud announcement that he would launch an eastern attack on Xianxi. Zhu Huan divided his troops to head toward Xianxi, but after they had set out, he suddenly learned that Cao Ren's forces were advancing and blocking the area seventy li away from Ruxu. Zhu Huan sent envoys to recall the troops heading toward Xianxi, but before they could arrive, Cao Ren suddenly arrived. At that time, Zhu Huan had 5,000 troops under his command and within reach. His generals were anxious and fearful. Zhu Huan reassured them by saying, "In any confrontation between two armies, victory or defeat depends on the general, not on the number of soldiers. "Among you all, who do you think is better at commanding troops and leading an army than me, Zhu Huan?" "The reason the art of war says that an invading force must be double the size of a defending one is because this refers to both sides being on flat plains, without fortifications for defense, and also assumes that the soldiers are equally brave or cowardly." "Now, their general is neither wise nor brave. Moreover, his soldiers are very timid and have marched hundreds of li on foot, leaving both men and horses exhausted. Zhu Huan and the allied forces will jointly occupy a high fortress, with the Yangtze River to the south and mountains behind us to the north. We can rest while waiting for their fatigue, taking advantage as hosts over invaders. This is a situation that ensures victory in every battle." "Even if Cao Pi himself were to come, it would still not be worth worrying about, let alone Cao Ren and others!" Zhu Huan therefore lowered his banners and drums, outwardly displaying weakness to lure Cao Ren into an attack. Cao Ren indeed sent his son Cao Tai to attack Ruxu City, and separately dispatched General Chang Diao, along with Zhuge Qian and Wang Shuang et al., to board oil-coated boats for a separate assault on Zhongzhou. Zhongzhou was where the soldiers' families and dependents were located. Cao Ren personally led 10,000 men to remain at Tuogao as a reserve force for Cao Tai and others. Zhu Huan's troops attacked and captured the oil-coated boats, while others separately struck Chang Diao et al. Zhu Huan himself led the resistance against Cao Tai, set fire to their camp, and retreated. As a result, they beheaded Chang Diao, captured Wang Shuang alive, and sent him to Wuchang. Over one thousand were killed or drowned in the battle. Sun Quan commended Zhu Huan for his achievements, enfeoffing him as Marquis of Jiaxing and promoting him to General Funwu, concurrently serving as magistratus of Pengcheng.
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
黃武七年，鄱陽太守周魴譎誘魏大司馬曹休，休將步騎十萬至皖城以迎魴。時陸遜為元帥，全琮與桓為左右督，各督三萬人擊休。休知見欺，當引軍還，自負衆盛，邀於一戰。桓進計曰：「休本以親戚見任，非智勇名將也。今戰必敗，敗必走，走當由夾石、挂車，此兩道皆險阨，若以萬兵柴路，則彼衆可盡，而休可生虜，臣請將所部以斷之。若蒙天威，得以休自效，便可乘勝長驅，進取壽春，割有淮南，以規許、洛，此萬世一時，不可失也。」權先與陸遜議，遜以為不可，故計不施行。 |
| | In the seventh year of Huangwu, Zhou Fang, the governor of Poyang, tricked and lured Wei's Grand Marshal Cao Xiu. Cao Xiu led 100,000 infantry and cavalry to Wancheng in order to meet with Zhou Fang. At that time, Lu Xun was the supreme commander, while Quan Cong and Zhu Huan served as left and right commanders respectively, each commanding 30,000 troops to attack Cao Xiu. Cao Xiu realized he had been deceived and intended to withdraw his army, but overconfident in the size of his forces, he sought a decisive battle. Zhu Huan proposed a strategy, saying: "Cao Xiu was originally entrusted due to his family ties and is not a famous general known for wisdom or bravery. If we engage in battle, he will surely be defeated. If defeated, he will retreat, and his route of escape must pass through Jia Shi and Guache. These two paths are both perilous and narrow. If we send 10,000 soldiers to block the roads with felled trees, then all of his troops can be wiped out, and Cao Xiu himself could be captured alive. I request permission to lead my forces to cut off his escape route." "If Heaven grants us the might to capture Cao Xiu and use him as a bargaining chip, we can then advance in victory, drive forward to seize Shouchun, occupy Huainan, and plan for Xu and Luoyang. This is an opportunity of once in ten thousand years that must not be missed." Sun Quan had previously discussed the plan with Lu Xun, who considered it unfeasible. Therefore, the strategy was not carried out.
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
黃龍元年，拜桓前將軍，領青州牧，假節。嘉禾六年，魏廬江主簿呂習請大兵自迎，欲開門為應。桓與衞將軍全琮俱以師迎。旣至，事露，軍當引還。城外有溪水，去城一里所，廣三十餘丈，深者八九尺，淺者半之，諸軍勒兵渡去，桓自斷後。時廬江太守李膺整嚴兵騎，欲須諸軍半渡，因迫擊之。及見桓節蓋在後，卒不敢出，其見憚如此。 |
| | In the first year of Huanglong, Zhu Huan was appointed as Qian Jiangjun and concurrently served as Inspector of Qingzhou, granted authority with a ceremonial scepter. In the sixth year of Jiache, Lü Xi, an assistant clerk in Wei's Lujiang commandery, requested a large army to come and meet him, intending to open the gates as an inside supporter. Zhu Huan and General-in-Chief Quan Cong both led their troops to meet him. After arriving, the plot was exposed, so the army had to withdraw. Outside the city, there was a stream about one li away from the walls. It was more than thirty zhang wide, eight or nine chi deep in some places and half that depth elsewhere. The troops crossed it under orders, with Zhu Huan personally bringing up the rear. At that time, Li Ying, the governor of Lujiang, had already assembled a strict formation of infantry and cavalry, intending to attack when half of the allied forces were across the stream. When they saw Zhu Huan's ceremonial banner at the rear, his troops suddenly dared not emerge, such was their fear of him.
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
是時全琮為督，權又令偏將軍胡綜宣傳詔命，參與軍事。琮以軍出無獲，議欲部分諸將，有所掩襲。桓素氣高，恥見部伍，乃往見琮，問行意，感激發怒，與琮校計。琮欲自解，因曰：「上自令胡綜為督，綜意以為宜爾。」桓愈恚恨，還乃使人呼綜。綜至軍門，桓出迎之，顧謂左右曰：「我縱手，汝等各自去。」有一人旁出，語綜使還。桓出，不見綜，知左右所為，因斫殺之。桓佐軍進諫，刺殺佐軍，遂託狂發，詣建業治病。權惜其功能，故不罪。使子異攝領部曲，令醫視護，數月復遣還中洲。權自出祖送，謂曰：「今寇虜尚存，王塗未一，孤當與君共定天下，欲令君督五萬人專當一靣，以圖進取，想君疾未復發也。」桓曰：「天授陛下聖姿，當君臨四海，猥重任臣，以除姧逆，臣疾當自愈。」 |
| | At that time Quan Cong served as commander, and Sun Quan also ordered the general Hu Zong to serve as an imperial envoy, conveying edicts and participating in military affairs. Quan Cong, because the campaign had yielded no results, proposed dividing up the generals to plan a surprise attack. Zhu Huan had always been proud and was ashamed of being placed under command, so he went to see Quan Cong, inquiring about the plan. He became greatly agitated with anger and argued fiercely with Quan Cong over strategy. Quan Cong wanted to explain himself, so he said: "The Emperor personally ordered Hu Zong as commander, and Zong believes this strategy is appropriate." Zhu Huan became even more furious. Upon returning, he sent someone to summon Hu Zong. When Hu Zong arrived at the camp gate, Zhu Huan went out to meet him and said to those around him: "If I raise my hand, you all may leave on your own." One person stepped aside and told Hu Zong to return. Zhu Huan went out but did not see Hu Zong, realizing that his subordinates had acted on their own initiative, so he beheaded and killed them. Zhu Huan's assistant officer advised him to stop, but Zhu Huan stabbed the officer to death. He then pretended to have gone mad and went to Jianye for treatment. Sun Quan valued his past contributions and abilities, so he did not punish him. Sun Sheng said: "The Book of Documents says that officials must not wield power or bestow favors arbitrarily. To do so would bring misfortune to one's family and harm to the state." Zhu Huan's ruthless cruelty made him almost like a tiger or wolf. Even for a sovereign, such behavior is unacceptable; how much more so for generals and ministers? The saying goes: "To gain one man but lose an entire country—though the crime may be minor, what greater loss could there be?" They ordered Zi Yi to temporarily take charge of his troops and instructed physicians to care for him. After several months, he was sent back to Zhongzhou. Sun Quan personally came out to see him off, saying: "Now that the enemy still exists and the empire is not yet unified, I will share with you the task of stabilizing the world. I had intended for you to command 50,000 men in charge of one front to plan further advances. I hope your illness does not flare up again." Zhu Huan said: "Heaven has bestowed upon Your Majesty a holy and wise nature, destined to rule over all under heaven. It is an honor for me to be entrusted with such a vital mission—to eliminate the wicked and rebellious. My illness will naturally recover." The Wu Lu records: Zhu Huan presented a cup and said, "I am about to depart far away. I wish only to touch Your Majesty's beard once; then I will have no further regrets." Sun Quan leaned forward on the table, and Zhu Huan stepped up to touch his beard, saying: "Today I can truly say that I have touched a tiger's beard." Sun Quan laughed heartily.
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
桓性護前，恥為人下，每臨敵交戰，節度不得自由，輒嗔恚憤激。然輕財貴義，兼以彊識，與人一靣，數十年不忘，部曲萬口，妻子盡識之。愛養吏士，贍護六親，俸祿產業，皆與共分。及桓疾困，舉營憂戚。年六十二，赤烏元年卒。吏士男女無不號慕。又家無餘財，權賜鹽五十斛以周喪事。子異嗣。 |
| | Zhu Huan was naturally proud and ashamed to be subordinate to others. Whenever he faced the enemy in battle and could not freely command as he wished, he would become angry and agitated. Yet he was light-hearted with wealth, valued righteousness highly, and had a strong memory. He would remember people after just one meeting for decades, and among his ten thousand soldiers, he knew all their names and even those of their wives and children. He loved and cared for his officials and soldiers, supported and protected the six categories of relatives, and shared all his salary, emoluments, and property with them. When Zhu Huan fell seriously ill, the entire camp was filled with sorrow and concern. He died at the age of 62 in the first year of Chiwu. Men and women among his officials and soldiers all mourned him deeply. He also left no remaining wealth at home, so Sun Quan granted fifty hu of salt to cover the funeral expenses. His son Zi Yi succeeded him.
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
異字季文，以父任除郎，後拜騎都尉，代桓領兵。赤烏四年，隨朱然攻魏樊城，建計破其外圍，還拜偏將軍。魏廬江太守文欽營住六安，多設屯砦，置諸道要，以招誘亡叛，為邊寇害。異乃身率其手下二千人，掩破欽七屯，斬首數百，遷揚武將軍。權與論攻戰，辭對稱意。權謂異從父驃騎將軍據曰：「本知季文懀定，見之復過所聞。」十三年，文欽詐降，密書與異，欲令自迎。異表呈欽書，因陳其偽，不可便迎。權詔曰：「方今北土未一，欽云欲歸命，宜且迎之。若嫌其有譎者，但當設計網以羅之，盛重兵以防之耳。」乃遣呂據督二萬人，與異并力，至北界，欽果不降。建興元年，遷鎮南將軍。是歲魏遣胡遵、諸葛誕等出東興，異督水軍攻浮梁，壞之，魏軍大破。太平二年，假節，為大都督，救壽春圍，不解。還軍，為孫綝所枉害。 |
| | Zi Yi, courtesy name Jiwen, was appointed as an officer through his father's recommendation. The Wen Shi Zhuan records: Zhang Dun's son Chun and Zhang Yan, along with Zi Yi, were all young boys when they went to visit Zhu Ju, the Biaoqi Jiangjun (General of the Horse). Zhu Ju had heard about their talents and reputations, and wanted to test them. He told them: "I have long heard of your names, and I am very eager to meet you." "The yaoju achieves success through speed and suddenness, while the hawk excels in lightness and swiftness. Each of you should compose a verse about one thing for me; only then may you sit down." Zhang Yan composed a verse about dogs: "When guarding, it is fierce; when hunting, it brings success. Han Lu and Song Que—names recorded in bamboo slips and silk." Chun composed a verse about mats: "Mats are set out in winter, while bamboo mats are used in summer. Sitting with courtesy and yielding—this is what gentlemen find appropriate." Zi Yi composed a verse about crossbows: "The dry wood of the southern mountain, and copper from Zhongshan Mountain. When triggered with precision, it strikes the target—hitting hawks on high walls." Each of the three composed their verses according to what they saw, and after finishing, they sat down. Zhu Ju was greatly pleased. Later, Zi Yi was appointed Qiduwei and succeeded his father in command of the troops. In the fourth year of Chiwu, he followed Zhu Ran in attacking Wei's Fan Cheng and devised a plan to break through its outer defenses. Upon returning, he was appointed as Piangeneral. Wei's Lujiang governor Wen Qin established a camp at Liuan, setting up many garrisons and fortifications along key roads to lure in defectors and rebels, causing trouble for the border regions. Zi Yi personally led his 2,000 subordinates to launch a surprise attack and destroyed seven of Wen Qin's garrisons, beheading hundreds. He was then promoted to General Yangwu. Sun Quan discussed strategies for attacking and defending with him, and Zi Yi's responses were satisfactory. Sun Quan said to Zhu Ju, his cousin who was a Biaoqi Jiangjun: "I originally knew that Jiwen was capable and determined, but meeting him in person has exceeded my expectations." In the thirteenth year, Wen Qin pretended to surrender and secretly sent a letter to Zi Yi, attempting to have him personally come to receive it. Zi Yi submitted the letter from Wen Qin to the court and explained its falsehood, stating that he should not be allowed to come in person. An imperial edict from Sun Quan stated: "At present, the northern territories are not yet unified. Wen Qin claims he wishes to surrender; you should receive him for now." "If you suspect his intentions, simply devise a plan or trap to capture him and station strong forces to guard against any tricks." He then dispatched Lu Ju, commanding 20,000 men, to join forces with Zi Yi. When they reached the northern border, Wen Qin indeed did not surrender. In the first year of Jianxing, he was promoted to General Zhennan. In the same year, Wei dispatched Hu Zun, Zhuge Dan and others to attack Dongxing. Zi Yi commanded naval forces to attack a floating bridge, destroyed it, and Wei's army was heavily defeated. The Wu Shu records: Zi Yi also followed Zhuge Ke in the siege of Xincheng. When the city could not be captured, Zi Yi and others suggested that they should quickly return to Yuzhang and attack Shi Tou Cheng (Stone City), which could be taken within a few days. Ke explained his decision in writing to Zi Yi, who threw the letter on the ground and said: "You do not follow my plan but listen to a child's words!" Ke was furious and immediately stripped him of his command, eventually dismissing him back to Jianye. In the second year of Taiping, he was granted authority with a ceremonial scepter and appointed as Grand Commander-in-Chief to relieve the siege at Shouchun. However, the siege could not be lifted. On his return march, he was wrongfully killed by Sun Chen. The Wu Shu records: Sun Chen invited Zi Yi to meet. As he was about to go, fearing that Lu Kang might stop him, Zi Yi said: "Zi Tong is merely a family member; what reason do I have for suspicion?" And so he went. Sun Chen had strong men seize him at the meeting. Zi Yi said: "I am a loyal minister of Wu—what crime have I committed?" They dragged him out and killed him.
|
| | 朱桓傳: |
評曰：朱治、呂範以舊臣任用，朱然、朱桓以勇烈著聞，呂據、朱異、施績咸有將領之才，克紹堂構。若範、桓之越隘，得以吉終，至於據、異無此之尤而反罹殃者，所遇之時殊也。 |
| | Commentary: Zhu Zhi and Lu Fan were appointed as old ministers. Zhu Ran and Zhu Huan became famous for their bravery and valor. Lu Ju, Zhu Yi, and Shi Ji all possessed the talent of generals and commanders, successfully continuing the family legacy. If Lu Fan and Zhu Huan had crossed difficult boundaries, they would have ended their lives in good fortune. As for Lu Ju and Zhu Yi—who were not guilty of such transgressions—yet still suffered misfortune, it was due to the different times in which they lived.
|
