| | 任官初上: |
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| | 任官初上: |
應冊命之官受冊訖，朝服乘輅，備儀，鳴鐃吹，詣太廟南門，至下車所，鐃吹止。受冊者降輅，謁者引入，立於廟庭，北面西上。立定，再拜訖，又再拜辭，謁者引出，乘輅鳴鐃而還。 |
| | After officials appointed to receive the imperial mandate had completed receiving their seals of office, they would wear formal court robes and ride in a ceremonial carriage, fully prepared with rituals. They would sound bells and play musical instruments as they proceeded to the southern gate of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Upon reaching the designated place for dismounting, the bell ringing and music would cease. The official receiving the imperial mandate descended from his carriage; a court attendant led him into the temple, where he stood in the courtyard facing north with the western side as the upper position. After standing at attention, he bowed twice and then bowed again to take leave. A court attendant led him out, whereupon he returned in his ceremonial carriage with the bells ringing.
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| | 任官初上: |
遂詣本司。將至，卑官先到，俱公服俟於別席所。初上者至，降輅，贊禮者引入，停於後堂，改著公服。儀仗陳廳事之前。贊禮者引卑官俱立於內門之外西廂，每等異位，重行東面，以北為上。初卑官就門外位，贊禮者引初上者立於廳事東階東南，西面。贊禮者引卑官以次入，立於西階西南，重行東面，以北為上。立定，卑官俱再拜，初上者答拜。贊禮者引卑官出。贊禮者引初上者就後堂。 |
| | They then proceeded to their respective offices. As they approached, subordinates of lower rank arrived first and waited in formal court attire at the designated location for separate seating. When those newly arriving reached the site, they descended from their carriage; a ritual attendant led them in and brought them to halt at the back hall, where they changed into formal court attire. The ceremonial attendants were arranged before the main hall of official business. The ritual attendant led the subordinates to stand outside the inner gate in the western wing, with each rank occupying a different position. They formed two rows facing east, with the northern side considered superior. When the subordinates first took their positions outside the gate, the ritual attendant led those newly arriving to stand at the southeast corner of the eastern steps in front of the main hall, facing west. The ritual attendant led the subordinates into the hall in order, where they stood at the southwest corner of the western steps, forming two rows facing east with the northern side as superior. After standing at attention, all subordinates bowed twice; those newly arriving responded in kind. The ritual attendant led the subordinate officials out. The ritual attendant guided those newly arriving to the back hall.
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| | 任官初上: |
卑官俱更衣，贊禮者引應坐者入立於廳事東西階下，其應致敬者立於門外之西，東面，俱北上。贊禮者引初上者出，升堂就榻後，應坐者俱升詣座後。立定，初上者升座，應坐者各依其班而坐。其應致敬者入立於東西階下，俱以北為上。諸流外官入立於庭，重行，北面西上，再拜訖，就東階下品官之後。本司以印及職掌置於案，本司引入，升，詣座前，本司取印及職掌以次進置於座上之案訖，本司引案降出。諸司以次諮判三條事訖，俱興，立於座後。贊禮者引初上者還後堂。以外降出設會如常儀。 |
| | The subordinates all changed their clothes, and the ritual attendant led those who were to be seated into the main hall where they stood below the east and west steps. Those required to pay respects stood outside the western side of the gate facing east, with positions ranked from north to south. The ritual attendant led those newly arrived out and up onto the hall, where they took their seats at the back. Those who were to sit also ascended and approached behind their respective seats. After standing at attention, those newly arrived took their seat; the others sat according to their ranks. Those required to pay respects entered and stood below the eastern and western steps, with positions ranked north as superior. All officials outside the regular bureaucratic ranks entered and stood in two rows in the courtyard, facing north with positions ranked west as superior. After bowing twice, they took their places behind the lower-ranking officials at the eastern steps. The officials of the office placed the seal and official duties on a table. The officials led them in, ascended, and approached before the seat. The officials then took the seal and duties and presented them sequentially onto the table at the front of the seat; after completing this, the officials led the table down and out. The various offices successively consulted on three matters in turn. After finishing, they all stood up and took their positions behind the seat. The ritual attendant led those newly arriving back to the rear hall. They exited from outside and arranged a banquet as per usual procedures.
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| | 任官初上: |
官卑不合拜廟者，但詣上所。不判事者，禮見而已。若六品以下，初上皆常服。若先任者尊及官位等者，先任者俟於東階下，西面，新任者入立於西階下，東面再拜。先任者答再拜。訖，新任者還於廳事，立於東階下，與卑官相見如上儀。 |
| | Officials of low rank who were not entitled to pay homage at the temple would merely proceed to their designated place for the ceremony. Those who did not participate in deliberations on matters attended only as a courtesy visit. If the official was of the sixth rank or lower, they would all wear regular attire upon their initial appointment. If the previously appointed official was of equal or higher rank, they would wait below the eastern steps facing west; the newly appointed official entered and stood below the western steps facing east to bow twice. The previously appointed official responded with two bows in return. Afterward, the newly appointed official returned to the main hall and stood below the eastern steps, meeting with subordinate officials according to the procedures described above.
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| | 鄉飲酒: |
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| | 鄉飲酒: |
鄉飲酒之禮，刺史為主人，先召鄉之致仕有德者謀之。賢者為賓，其次為介，又其次為眾賓，與之行禮而賓舉之。 |
| | The ritual of the village drinking ceremony was presided over by the cishi as host. First, retired officials with virtue from the village were summoned to deliberate on it. The virtuous person served as guest of honor, the next in rank served as intermediary, and those ranked lower still were the other guests; they performed the ceremony together, with the guests raising their voices.
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主人戒賓，立於賓大門外之西，東面；賓立東階下，西面。將命者立於賓之左，北面受命出，立於門外之東，西面，曰：「敢請事。」主人曰：「某日行鄉飲酒之禮，請某子臨之。」將命者入告。賓出立於門東，西面拜辱，主人答拜。主人曰：「吾子學優行高，應茲觀國。某日展禮，請吾子臨之。」賓曰：「某固陋，恐辱命，敢辭。」主人曰：「謀於父師少師，莫若吾子賢，敢固以請。」賓曰：「夫子申命之，某敢不敬須。」主人再拜，賓答拜；主人退，賓拜送。主人戒介亦如之。 |
| | The host warned the guest of honor, standing west of the main gate outside the guest's residence, facing east; the guest stood below the eastern steps, facing west. The messenger stood to the left of the guest and received instructions, then exited facing north. He stood east outside the gate, facing west, and said: "I dare to inquire about the matter." The host said, "On a certain day, we will perform the village drinking ceremony. We respectfully invite Master Mou to attend." The messenger entered and reported. The guest exited and stood east of the gate, facing west to bow in humility; the host responded with a bow. The host said: "Your scholarly excellence and high moral conduct make you worthy of observing this national ceremony. On a certain day, the ceremony will be held; we respectfully invite you to attend." The guest said: "I am humble and lacking in ability. I fear that accepting this honor would bring disgrace, so I dare to decline." The host said: "After consulting with the father-teacher and junior teacher, none is more virtuous than you. We dare to insist on our invitation." The guest said: "Since the master has reiterated the command, how could I dare not respectfully comply?" The host bowed twice, and the guest responded with a bow; the host withdrew, and the guest performed a bow to see him off. The host warned the intermediary in the same manner.
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其日質明，設賓席於楹閒近北，南向；設主人席於阼階上，西向；設介席於西階上，東向；設眾賓席三於賓席之西，各南向，皆不屬焉。又設堂下眾賓席於西階西南，東面北上。設兩壺於賓席之東，少北，玄酒在西，加勺审，置篚於壺南，東肆，實以爵觶。設贊者位於東階東，西面北上。 |
| | 藟 On that day, at dawn, a seat for the guest was arranged between the pillars near the north side, facing south; the host's seat was set on the eastern steps, facing west; the intermediary's seat was arranged on the western steps, facing east; seats for the other guests were set up. Three seats were arranged west of the guest's seat, each facing south; none of them were connected to one another. Additionally, seats for other guests below the hall were arranged southwest of the western steps, all facing east with the northernmost seat being the highest in rank. Two wine vessels were placed east of the guest's seat, slightly to the north; xuanjiu (a type of ritual wine) was on the west side. A ladle with a handle was added, and a bamboo basket was placed south of the vessels, facing east, filled with jiu (wine cups) and zhe (small drinking vessels). The positions for assistants were set up to the east of the eastern steps, facing west with the northernmost position being the highest in rank.
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賓、介及眾賓至，立於廳事大門外之右，東向北上。執事者俱復位。主人迎賓於門外之左，西面拜賓，賓答拜。又西南面拜介，介答拜。又西南面揖眾賓，眾賓報揖。主人又揖賓，賓報揖。主人先入門而右，西面；賓入門而左，東面；介及眾賓序入立於賓西南，東面北上；眾賓非三賓者，皆北面東上。主人將進揖，當階揖，賓皆報揖。至階，主人曰：「請吾子升。」賓曰：「某敢辭。」主人曰：「固請吾子升。」賓曰：「某敢固辭。」主人曰：「終請吾子升。」賓曰：「某敢終辭。」主人升自阼階，賓升自西階，當楣北面立。 |
| | When the guest, intermediary, and other guests arrived, they stood to the right outside the main gate of the hall, facing east with those in the northernmost positions being higher in rank. The attendants all returned to their designated positions. The host met the guest on the left side outside the gate, facing west and bowing to the guest; the guest responded with a reciprocal bow. Then he turned southwest and bowed to the intermediary, who also responded with a bow in return. He then faced southwest and paid a slight bow to the other guests, who returned the gesture. The host again bowed slightly to the guest, and the guest reciprocated with a similar gesture. The host entered through the gate first and stood on the right side, facing west; the guest entered the gate and took a position to his left, facing east; the intermediary and other guests followed in order, standing southwest of the guest, all facing east with those further north holding higher rank; Other guests who were not among the three main guests stood facing north, with those to the east having higher status. As the host was about to advance and bow, he stopped at the steps He bowed slightly; all the guests responded with a return bow. Upon reaching the steps, the host said: "Please ascend, Master Mou." The guest replied: "I dare to decline." The host said: "We insist that you ascend, Master Mou." The guest replied: "I dare to firmly decline." The host said: "We respectfully request you to ascend, Master Mou." The guest replied: "I dare to persist in my refusal." The host ascended via the eastern steps, while the guest ascended via the western steps. They both stood facing north at the central beam of the hall.
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執樽者徹审，主人適篚，跪取爵，興，適樽實之，進賓席前，西北面獻賓。賓西階上北面拜，主人少退，賓進於席前受爵，退復西階上，北面立。主人退於阼階上，北面拜送爵，賓少退。贊者薦脯醢於賓席前。賓自西方升席，南面立。贊者設折俎。賓跪，左執爵，右取脯擩於醢，祭於籩豆之閒，遂祭酒，啐酒，興，降席東，適西階上，北面跪卒爵，執爵興，適樽實之，進主人席前，東南面酢主人。主人於階上北面拜，賓少退，主人進受，退復阼階上北面立。賓退復西階上，北面拜送爵。贊者薦脯醢於主人席前。主人由席東自北方升席。贊者設折俎。主人跪，左執爵，右祭脯醢，遂祭酒，啐酒，興，自南方降席，復阼階上，北面跪卒爵，執爵興，跪奠爵於東序端；興，適篚，跪取觶實之以酬，復阼階上，北面跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，賓西階上答拜，主人跪祭，遂飲卒觶，執觶興，適樽實之，進賓席前，西北面。賓拜，主人少退。賓既拜，主人跪奠觶於薦西，興，復阼階上位。賓遂進席前，北面跪取觶，興，復西階上位，主人北面拜送。賓進席前，北面跪奠觶於薦東，興，復西階上位。主人北面揖，遂降立於阼階下，西面；賓降立於西階西，當西序，東面。 |
| | The wine vessel bearer removed the ladle. The host approached the bamboo basket, knelt to take a cup, rose, went to the wine vessel and filled it, then advanced in front of the guest's seat and presented the wine to the guest from the northwest side. The guest, standing on the western steps and facing north, performed a bow; the host slightly stepped back. The guest then moved forward to the front of the seat to receive the cup, retreated back to the western steps, and stood facing north again. The host stepped back onto the eastern steps and performed a bow facing north to send off the cup; the guest slightly retreated in response. The assistant presented meat slices and fermented sauce in front of the guest's seat. The guest ascended to his seat from the west side, standing facing south. An assistant arranged the sacrificial meat on a platter. The guest knelt, held the cup in his left hand and took a piece of meat with his right hand, dipping it into the sauce. He offered sacrifices between the 笾 (baskets) and 豆 (bowls), then performed a wine sacrifice, tasted the wine, He rose, descended from the seat to the east side, approached the western steps, knelt facing north and finished drinking the wine. He then stood up with the cup in hand, went back to the wine vessel to refill it, advanced before the host's seat, and presented the cup to the host from the southeast side. The host, standing on the steps facing north, performed a bow. The guest slightly stepped back; the host then moved forward to receive the cup and retreated back onto the eastern steps, standing facing north again. The guest returned to the western steps, performed a bow facing north in farewell as he sent off the cup. An assistant presented meat slices and sauce before the host's seat. The host ascended to his seat from north of the eastern side of the seat. An assistant arranged the sacrificial platter with meat. The host knelt, holding the cup in his left hand while using his right to offer meat and sauce as sacrifices. He then performed a wine offering, tasted the wine slightly, rose, descended from his seat via the southern side, returned to the eastern steps, knelt facing north to finish drinking the wine, stood up with the cup, and then knelt again to place the cup at the eastern end of the hall; he rose, approached the basket, knelt to retrieve a zhe (a small drinking vessel), filled it for a return offering, returned to the eastern steps and knelt facing north to place down the zhe, then performed a bow. Rising with the zhe in hand, the guest on the western steps responded with a reciprocal bow; the host knelt to offer sacrifices, drank from the zhe until empty, rose again, approached the wine vessel to refill the zhe, and advanced before the guest's seat facing northwest. The guest performed a bow; the host stepped back slightly in response. After the guest had bowed, the host knelt and placed the zhe to the west of the sacrificial items, rose again, and returned to his position on the eastern steps. The guest then advanced to in front of the seat, knelt facing north, took the zhe, rose again, returned to his position on the western steps, and the host performed a bow facing north as he sent it off. The guest advanced to in front of his seat, knelt facing north and placed the zhe east of the sacrificial items on the table, rose again, then returned to his position at the western steps. The host performed a slight bow facing north and then descended, standing below the eastern steps facing west; the guest descended and stood to the west of the western steps at the western end of the hall, facing east.
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主人進延介，主人揖介，介報揖。至階，一讓升，主人升阼階，介升西階，皆當楣北面立。主人詣東序端，跪取爵，興，適樽實之，進於介席前，西南面獻介。介西階上北面拜，主人少退，介進，北面受爵，退復位。主人於介右，北面拜送爵，介少退，主人立於西階之東。贊者薦脯醢於介席前。介進，自北方升席。贊者設折俎。介跪，左執爵，右祭脯醢，遂祭酒，執爵興，自南方降席，復西階上，北面跪卒爵，執爵興，介授主人爵。主人適樽實之，以酢於西階上，立於介右，北面跪奠爵，遂拜，執爵興。介答拜。主人跪祭，遂飲卒爵，執爵興，進，跪奠爵於西楹南，還阼階上，揖，降。介降立於賓南。 |
| | The host advanced and invited the intermediary. The host bowed slightly to the intermediary, who responded with a return gesture. Upon reaching the steps, they exchanged one polite refusal before ascending. The host ascended via the eastern step, and the intermediary via the western step; both stood facing north beneath the central beam of the hall's roof. The host went to the eastern end of the east side of the hall, knelt to take up a wine cup, rose, approached the wine vessel and filled it with wine, then advanced before the intermediary's seat and presented it from the southwest direction as an offering. The intermediary stood on the western steps facing north and performed a bow; the host took a slight step back. The intermediary then advanced, faced north to receive the wine cup, and returned to his original position. The host stood on the intermediary's right side and performed a bow facing northward to send off the wine cup; the intermediary slightly stepped back, while the host took his position east of the western steps. An assistant presented meat slices and soy sauce in front of the intermediary's seat. The intermediary advanced, ascended to his seat from its northern side. An assistant arranged the sacrificial meats on a platter. The intermediary knelt, held the wine cup in his left hand, and with his right performed sacrifices of meat and sauce. He then offered a sacrifice of wine, rose while still holding the cup, descended from his seat to the south side, returned to the western steps above, knelt facing northward to finish drinking the contents of the cup, stood up again with the cup in hand, and handed it over to the host. The host approached the wine vessel, filled the cup, and returned with it to the western steps. Standing on the intermediary's right, he knelt facing northward and placed down the cup as an offering, then performed a bow, rose again while holding the cup in hand. The intermediary responded with a reciprocal bow. The host knelt to perform sacrifices, drank the wine until it was empty, rose with the cup in hand again, advanced forward and knelt to place down the cup south of the western pillar. He then returned to the eastern steps above, performed a slight bow, and descended from there. The intermediary descended and stood south of the guest.
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主人於阼階前，西南面揖眾賓，遂升，適西楹南，跪取爵，適樽實之，進於西階上，南面獻眾賓之長。眾賓長升西階上，北面拜受爵。主人於眾賓長之右，北面拜送。贊者薦脯醢於其席前。眾賓之長升席，跪，左執爵，右祭脯醢，祭酒，執爵興，退於西階上，立飲訖，授主人爵，降復位。主人又適樽實之，進於西階上，南面獻眾賓之次者，如獻眾賓長之禮，又次一人升飲亦如之。主人適樽實酒，進於西階上，南面獻堂下眾賓。每一人升受爵，跪祭立飲，贊者遍薦脯醢於其位。訖，主人受爵奠於篚。 |
| | The host, standing before the eastern steps and facing southwest, performed a slight bow toward the other guests. He then ascended, went to south of the western pillar, knelt to take up an empty wine cup, filled it at the wine vessel, advanced onto the western steps, faced southward, and presented this first offering to the eldest among the other guests. The eldest of the other guests ascended the western steps, performed a north-facing bow in acceptance of the wine cup. The host stood to the right side of this guest and performed a northward bow as an act of sending off the offering. An assistant presented meat slices with soy sauce in front of his seat. The eldest of the other guests then ascended to his seat, knelt down, held the wine cup with his left hand while performing sacrifices of meat and sauce with his right, offered a sacrifice of wine as well, rose again holding the cup in both hands, stepped back onto the western steps above where he drank until finished, handed over the empty cup to the host, then descended and returned to his original place. The host once again approached the wine vessel to fill a cup, advanced onto the western steps facing southward and presented it to the next-ranking guest among them following exactly the same ritual as before for the eldest. The third-ranked individual also ascended in turn and partook of this offering according to identical procedures. The host went to the wine vessel, filled a cup with wine, advanced onto the western steps and presented it facing southward to all other guests below in the hall. Each time an individual ascended to receive a wine cup, he knelt for sacrifices and drank while standing; meanwhile, assistants circulated among their positions offering meat slices with sauce. After this was completed, the host received back each empty wine cup and placed them into a basket for storage.
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主人與賓一揖一讓升，賓、介、眾賓序升即席。設工人席於堂廉西階之東，北面東上。工四人入，先二瑟，後二歌，工持瑟升自西階，就位坐。工歌鹿鳴。卒歌，笙入，立於堂下，北面奏南陔訖，乃閒，歌南有嘉魚，笙崇丘。乃合樂周南關雎、召南鵲巢。 |
| | The host and guest exchanged one bow and one courtesy before ascending together; the guest, intermediary, and other guests followed in order to ascend and take their seats. A seat for the musician was arranged east of the western steps along the hall's side, facing north with precedence given on the eastern side. Four musicians entered, two carrying zithers first and followed by two singers. The musicians with the zithers ascended via the western steps to their designated positions and sat down. The musicians sang "Lu Ming." After the song was completed, a sheng player entered and stood below in the hall facing north to play "Nangai," finishing his performance. Then he paused briefly before playing "Nou You Jia Yu" on the sheng while accompanying with "Chong Qiu." Then they performed a combined musical piece from Zhou Nan "Guan Ju" and Zhao Nan "Que Chao."
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訖，司正升自西階，跪取觶於篚，興，適樽實之，降自西階詣階閒，右還，北面跪奠觶，拱手少立，跪取觶，遂飲卒觶，奠觶再拜，退復西階西。 |
| | After this was completed, Sizheng ascended via the western steps. He knelt to take a cup from the basket, rose and went to fill it at the wine vessel. Descending via the western steps toward the middle of the steps, he turned right, knelt facing north to place down the cup, clasped his hands together briefly while standing, then knelt again to take up the cup and drank until empty. After placing the cup back down, he performed two bows, stepped back and returned westward on the western steps.
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| | 鄉飲酒: |
賓降席，取觶於篚，適樽實之，詣阼階上，北面酬主人。主人降席，進立於賓東。賓跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，主人答拜，賓立飲卒觶；適樽實之，進阼階上，東南面授主人，主人再拜，賓少退；主人受觶，賓於主人之西，北面拜送，賓揖，復席。主人進西階上，北面酬介，介降席自南方，進立於主人西，北面。主人跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，介答拜，主人立飲卒觶，適樽實之，進西階上，西南面立。介拜，主人少退；介受觶，主人於介東，北面拜，主人揖，復席。司正升自西階，近西，北面立，相旅曰：「某子受酬。」受酬者降席自西方，進，北面立於介右。司正退立於序端，東面。介跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，某子答拜，介立飲卒觶，適樽實之，進西階上，西南面授某子，某子受觶，介立於某子之左，北面揖，復席。司正曰：「某子受酬。」受酬者降席自西方，立於某子之左，北面。某子跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，受酬者答拜，某子立飲卒觶，適樽實之，進西階上，西南面授之。受酬者受觶，某子立於受酬者之右，揖，復席。次一人及堂下眾賓受酬亦如之。卒受酬者以觶跪奠於篚，興，復階下位。 |
| | The guest descended from his seat, took a cup from the basket and filled it at the wine vessel before ascending to the eastern steps where he faced northward in offering this return toast to the host. The host descended from his seat and advanced to stand east of the guest. The guest knelt to place down his cup, performed a bow, then rose with the cup in hand; the host responded with a reciprocal bow while the guest stood and drank until empty. The guest then went to fill his cup at the wine vessel, ascended onto the eastern steps facing southeast and handed it over to the host; in response, the host performed two bows while the guest slightly stepped back. The host accepted the cup; the guest stood west of him and performed a north-facing bow as an act of farewell. The guest performed a slight bow and returned to his seat. The host advanced onto the western steps, facing northward in offering a return toast to the intermediary; the intermediary descended from his seat via the southern side and stood west of the host with a northern orientation. The host knelt to place down a cup, performed a bow while holding it in hand and then rose; the intermediary responded with an equivalent gesture. The host stood and drank until empty, refilled his cup at the wine vessel and advanced onto the western steps where he took up a position facing southwest. The intermediary performed a bow; the host slightly stepped back in response. The intermediary accepted the cup, while the host stood east of him and performed another north-facing bow; after this exchange was completed, the host executed a slight bow before returning to his seat. Sizheng ascended from the western steps near its west side, stood facing north and announced: "A certain person shall receive a return toast." The one to be honored descended from his seat via the western side, advanced forward, and stood facing north on the right of the intermediary. Sizheng stepped back and stood at the eastern end of the corridor facing eastward. The intermediary knelt to place down the wine cup, performed a bow and then rose with it in hand; "Mouzi" responded with an equivalent gesture of respect. The intermediary stood and drank until empty before refilling his cup at the wine vessel. He advanced onto the western steps from where he faced southwestward to present this offering to "Mouzi." Upon receiving the cup, "Mouzi" accepted it while the intermediary took a position on his left side facing north for another slight bow; after completing this exchange, both returned to their respective seats. Sizheng announced: "Mouzi shall receive the return toast." The one to be honored descended his seat from the western side and stood on the left of "Mouzi," facing north. "Mouzi" knelt to place down the drinking cup, performed a bow then rose with it in hand. The one receiving the toast responded with an equivalent gesture; "Mouzi" stood and drank until empty before filling his cup again at the wine vessel. Advancing onto the western steps, he faced southwestward and presented this offering. The one receiving the toast accepted the cup; "Mouzi" stood on his right side, performed a slight bow and then returned to his seat. The next individual as well as all other guests below in the main hall who received this return toast followed exactly the same procedures. After completing their reception of toasts, those honored knelt and placed their cups into a basket, then rose again and returned to their original positions below the steps.
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| | 鄉飲酒: |
司正適阼階上，東面受命於主人。主人曰：「請坐於賓。」司正迴北面，告於賓曰：「請賓坐。」賓曰：「唯命。」賓坐，各就席坐。司正降復位。乃羞，無算爵。主人之贊者與焉。燕訖，賓主俱興，賓以下降自西階，主人降自東階。賓以下出立於門外之西，東面北上；主人送於門外之東，西面再拜，賓、介逡巡而退。 |
| | Sizheng ascended onto the eastern steps, faced eastward to receive instructions from the host. The host said: "Please invite the guest to sit." Sizheng turned around facing north and informed the guest, saying: "We respectfully request that you be seated." The guest replied: "As you command." The guest sat down, and all others took their respective seats accordingly. Sizheng descended and returned to his original position. Then the dishes were served. There is no unlimited drinking. The host's assistants also participate in these activities. After the banquet was completed, both the guest and host rose to their feet; the guest and others descended via the western steps while the host descended separately from the eastern steps. The guest and those below him exited and stood west of the gate, facing east with precedence given to the northern side; The host saw them off outside the eastern side of the gate, faced west and performed two bows. The guest and intermediary then slowly stepped back to take their leave.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
前一日，本司設使者次於州大門外道右，南向。又設應集之官次於大門外，文官在道東，武官於使者次西南，俱南向，相對為首。 |
| | The day before, this office arranged envoys to stay at a location on the right side of the road outside the state's main gate, facing south. Officials responsible for gathering the attendees were also stationed outside the main gate; civil officials stood on the east side of the road, while military officials were positioned to the southwest of the envoys' station. All faced south and formed a line facing each other at the front.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
其日，使者將至，刺史出城，迎於一里外。相去九十步許，刺史於路左下馬，使者下馬，皆少進，使者命刺史乘馬，使者與刺史俱乘馬而行。應集者至州門外，各就次服朝服，非朝服者公服。本司設使者位於廳事階閒，南向。設刺史位於使者位之南，北向。設應集之官位於刺史後，每等異位。若有諸老，則位於諸官之後，俱重行北面，以西為上。又設刺史以下位於大門外之東，每等異位，重行西面，以北為上。 |
| | On that day, as the envoy was about to arrive, the cishi (governor) left the city and met him one li outside the city. They were about ninety bu apart when the cishi dismounted on the left side of the road. The envoy also dismounted, and both slightly advanced. The envoy then ordered the cishi to remount his horse, and both the envoy and the cishi rode together along the way. Those responsible for gathering arrived outside the state gate, each taking their positions and wearing formal court attire; if they did not wear court attire, they wore official robes instead. This office arranged the envoy's position between the steps of the hall where official matters were conducted, facing south. The cishi's position was set to the south of the envoy's position, facing north. The positions for those responsible for gathering were arranged behind the cishi, with each rank occupying a different location. If there were elders present, their positions would be placed after those of the officials, all arranged in double rows facing north, with the western side considered superior. Additionally, positions for officials of the cishi's rank and below were set up to the east outside the main gate. Each rank occupied a different position, arranged in double rows facing west, with the northern side considered superior.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
使者至，掌次者引就次。刺史入。使者以下皆公服，制書及版各置於案。贊禮者引應集之官就門外位。諸老應受版者齒位。刺史朝服以出，行參軍引立於東階東南，西面。使者出次，贊禮者引使者，持幡節者前導，立於門西，東面。持幡節者立於使者之北，少退，使副立使者西南，史二人對舉制書及版案立於使副西南，俱東面北上。立定，行參軍引刺史迎於大門外之南，北面再拜。引刺史先入立於內門外之東，西面，州官立於其後。 |
| | When the envoy arrived, the official in charge of accommodations led him to his assigned station. The cishi entered. The envoy and those below him all wore official robes, while the imperial decree and appointment tablets were placed on a table respectively. The zanli (ceremonial officer) led those responsible for gathering to their positions outside the gate. Those elders who were to receive appointment tablets took their positions according to seniority. The cishi came out wearing court attire, and the xingcanjun (executive military officer) led him to stand at the southeast of the eastern steps, facing west. The envoy left his station; the zanli led him, with those holding banners and ceremonial staffs preceding him. They stood at the west of the gate, facing east. Those holding banners and ceremonial staffs stood to the north of the envoy, slightly behind. The deputy official stood to the southwest of the envoy; two historians stood opposite each other, holding the imperial decree and tablet case at the southwest of the deputy, all facing east with the northern side considered superior. ල Once in position, the xingcanjun led the cishi to meet outside the main gate at the southern side, where they faced north and performed two bows. The xingcanjun then led the cishi into the inner gate area, where he stood to the east of the inner gate entrance, facing west; local officials stood behind him.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
贊禮者引使者，持幡節者前導，入門而左，使副以下從之。使者詣階閒就位，南面立。持幡節者立於使者之東，少南，西面，幡在南。使副立於使者西南，持案者立於使副之南，少退，俱東面。行參軍引刺史，贊禮者引應集之官，以次入就位。立定，持節者脫節衣。持案者進使副前，使副取制書，持案者退復位；使副以制書進授使者，退復位。使者稱：「有制。」刺史等再拜。宣制訖，刺史等又再拜。行參軍引刺史進詣使者前，北面受制書訖，退立於東階東南，西面。贊禮者以次引應受制者別受制如上儀。訖，引立於刺史東南，西面北上。若有版授，史以案詣使副前，使副取版進授使者，皆如初。贊者引為首者一人少前，使者稱：「有制。」為首者再拜。宣制訖，為首者又再拜。贊禮者引為首者進詣使者前，北面受版。若有束帛賑恤，依式宣付。訖，引立刺史之後。又引次受者亦如之。訖，持節者加節衣。贊禮者引使者出，使者幡節導之以出，使副以下從之，俱復門外位。諸老以版授子弟。行參軍引刺史，贊禮者引州府之官及諸老出，復門外位。立定，刺史拜送，贊禮者引使者還於次，行參軍引刺史入，贊禮者引州官及諸老還次。 |
| | The zanli led the envoy in, with those holding banners and staffs guiding ahead; upon entering the gate they turned left, followed by the deputy official and all below him. The envoy proceeded to his position between the steps and stood facing south. Those holding banners and staffs stood to the east of the envoy, slightly to the south, facing west, with the banner positioned to the south. The deputy official stood at the southwest of the envoy, while those holding the tablet case stood to the south of him, slightly behind; all faced east. The xingcanjun led the cshi in, and the zanli guided those responsible for gathering, who entered one after another to take their positions. Once in position, those holding staffs removed the ceremonial covering from the staff. Those holding the case advanced to before the deputy official; the deputy took the imperial decree, and those holding the case withdrew back to their positions; The deputy presented the imperial decree to the envoy, then returned to his position. The envoy declared: "There is an imperial decree." The cishi and others performed two bows. After the decree was proclaimed, the cishi and others again performed two bows. The xingcanjun led the shi forward to stand before the envoy, facing north to receive the imperial decree. After receiving it, he withdrew and stood at the southeast of the eastern steps facing west. The zanli successively guided those who were to receive imperial decrees, each receiving them in a manner following the above procedures. Afterward, they were led to stand at the southeast of the cishi, arranged in a row facing west with the northern side considered superior. 凡同制書者皆同禮。 If there were appointment tablets to be conferred, the historians would bring the case forward before the deputy official. The deputy would take the tablet and present it to the envoy, following the same procedure as before. The zan (assistant official) led one person at the head forward slightly; the envoy declared: "There is an imperial decree." The leading individual performed two bows. After the decree was announced, the leading individual again performed two bows. The zanli led the leading individual forward to stand before the envoy and face north to receive the appointment tablet. If there were bolts of silk for consolation or relief, they would be announced and delivered according to established procedures. Afterward, they were guided to stand behind the cishi. Others in turn who received their appointments followed the same procedure. Afterward, those holding staffs put back on the ceremonial covering for the staff. The zanli led the envoy out, with those bearing banners and staffs preceding him as he exited; the deputy official and those below followed, all returning to their positions outside the gate. 凡老者拜，八十以下一坐再拜，九十以下子弟拜受。 The elders conferred appointment tablets upon their descendants or younger family members. The xingcanjun led the chishi out, and the zanli led the officials of the state and prefecture as well as the elders to return to their positions outside the gate. 凡老者拜，九十以下一坐再拜。 Once in position, the cishi performed a bow to see off the envoy. The zanli led the envoy back to his station; the xingcanjun guided the cishi inside, while the zanli also led the local officials and elders back to their respective stations.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
若在諸縣宣勞、版授，如在州之儀。使者若於隨便宣制受賜物者，縣令先集鄉望立於館門外之南，重行，北面西上。使者至，立於門西，東面。鄉望俱再拜。使者入，詣廳事前，南面立。鄉望隨入。宣勞授受及拜送皆如上儀。凡使至，先問百年者，有則宣制致餼，皆子弟代受之。 |
| | If the imperial decree or appointment tablet was announced in various counties, the procedures followed were the same as those observed when it took place within a state capital. If the envoy announced imperial decrees or distributed gifts at a convenient location, the xianling (county magistrate), before the event, would gather respected local elders and have them stand to the south of the inn gate in double rows, facing north with the western side considered superior. 凡老者拜，六十以下一坐再拜。 When the envoy arrived, he stood at the west of the door, facing east. 凡老者拜，五十以下一坐再拜。 The respected local elders all performed two bows. 凡老者拜，四十以下一坐再拜。 The envoy entered and proceeded to the front of the hall where official affairs were conducted, standing facing south. 凡老者拜，三十以下一坐再拜。]] The respected local elders followed him in. The announcement of labor duties, the granting and receiving of appointments, as well as the bows for farewell were all conducted according to the procedures described above. Whenever an envoy arrived, he would first inquire about individuals over one hundred years old; if any were found, the imperial decree was announced and gifts of provisions were presented, In all cases, their younger family members or descendants received these on their behalf.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
前一日，本司設使者次於大門外道右，南向。又設應集之官次於大門外，文官道東，武官於使次西南，俱南向，相對為首。 |
| | The day before, this office arranged envoys to stay along the right side of the road outside the main gate, facing south. Officials responsible for receiving and assembling were also stationed outside the main gate: civil officials on the east side of the road, military officials to the southwest of the envoy's quarters. All faced south, facing each other in a line.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
其日質明，應集之官到州門外，各就次服朝服，非朝服者以公服。本司設使者位於廳事階閒，南向。設刺史位於使之南，北向。設應集之官位於刺史之後，每等異位，重行北面，以西為上。又設刺史以下位於大門外之東，每等異位，俱重行西面，以北為上。 |
| | On that day at dawn, the officials responsible for receiving arrived outside the state gate, each taking their assigned positions and wearing court robes; those without court robes wore official uniforms instead. This office arranged the envoys' position between the steps of the hall, facing south. The governor's position was set to the south of the envoy's location, facing north. The positions for the officials responsible for receiving were set behind the governor; each rank occupied a different position, arranged in double rows facing north, with the west side considered superior. Officials of the governor and below were also stationed to the east outside the main gate; each rank occupied a separate position, all arranged in double rows facing west, with the north side considered superior.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
使者至，掌次者引就次，以制書置於案，使者以下皆公服。贊禮者引應集之官俱就門外位。刺史朝服以出，行參軍引立於東階東南，西面。使者出次，贊禮者引使者立於門西，東面，史二人對舉制書案立於使者西南，俱東面。立定，行參軍引刺史迎於大門外之南，北面再拜。行參軍引刺史先入立於內門外之東，西面，州官立於其後。 |
| | When the envoy arrived, the official in charge of accommodations led him to his quarters and placed the imperial decree on a table; the envoy and those below him all wore official uniforms. The ceremonial officer led the officials responsible for receiving to their positions outside the gate. The governor, wearing court robes, went out; the assistant official in charge of ceremonies stood on the southeast side of the eastern steps, facing west. The envoy left his quarters; the ceremonial officer led him to stand west of the gate, facing east. Two scribes stood opposite each other holding the table with the imperial decree, positioned southwest of the envoy, both also facing east. After taking their positions, the assistant official in charge led the governor to meet outside the main gate's southern side, where he bowed twice facing north. The assistant official in charge led the governor into the inner gate area and stationed him to the east outside, facing west; local officials stood behind him.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
贊禮者引使者入門而左，持案者從之。使者詣階閒就位，南向立，持案者立於使者西南，東面。行參軍引刺史，贊禮者引應集之官以次入就位。立定，持案者進使者前，使者取制書，持案者退復位。使者稱：「有制。」刺史等再拜。宣制訖，又再拜。行參軍引刺史進詣使者前，北面受制書，退立於東階東南，西面。贊禮者次引應受制者別受制，如上儀。訖，引立於刺史東南，西面北上。贊禮者引使者出，持案者從之，俱復門外位。行參軍引刺史，贊禮者引州官以次出，俱就門外位。刺史拜送。贊禮者引使者還於次，行參軍引刺史入，贊禮者引州官各還次。 |
| | The ceremonial officer led the envoy through the gate on the left side, with those carrying the table following him. The envoy proceeded to his position between the steps and stood facing south; those holding the table stood southwest of him, facing east. The assistant official in charge led the state governor, while the ceremonial officer guided the officials responsible for receiving into their positions in order. After taking their positions, those holding the table advanced to before the envoy; the envoy took the imperial decree from them, and then they returned to their original positions. The envoy declared: "An imperial decree is now being announced." The governor and others bowed twice. After the decree was read, they again bowed twice. The assistant official in charge led the governing officer forward to stand before the envoy, facing north to receive the imperial decree; he then stepped back and stood at the southeast of the eastern steps, facing west again. The ceremonial officer next guided those who were to receive the decree separately, following the same procedures as above. Afterward, they were led to stand southeast of the governor, facing west with the northern side considered superior. The ceremonial officer led the envoy out, and those carrying the table followed him; they all returned to their positions outside the gate again. The assistant official in charge led out the governor, and the ceremonial officer guided local officials to leave in order; they all took their positions outside the gate. The governor performed a bowing ceremony as a farewell gesture. The ceremonial officer led the envoy back to his quarters, while the assistant official in charge guided the governor inside; the ceremonial officer also led local officials back to their respective accommodations.
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| | 皇帝遣使... : |
將會，本司改設刺史以下位於廳事之庭如常禮。又鋪使者席於廳上楹閒，東向；刺史席於使者之東，西向；州官之席於刺史之後，各依資品俱南上。席於庭者，文官在東，武官在西，皆北上。設訖，刺史以下各服公服若常服。贊禮者引使者，行參軍引刺史，又贊禮者引應會之官，俱就門外位。立定，贊唱者先入就位。贊禮者引使者先入，行參軍引刺史，贊禮者引應會之官，以次入就位。立定，贊唱者曰：「再拜。」在位者皆再拜。贊禮者引使者，行參軍引刺史，又贊禮者引應升階者，詣東西階以次升，各立於席後。其位於階下者，又引就席後。上下立定，俱就席，俛伏，坐，遂行酒。酒至，上下皆俛伏，興，立於席後，俱再拜，搢笏，立受酒，升席，俛伏，坐飲。酒行三周，進食。食至，上下皆俛伏，興，立於席後。設食訖，俱升席，俛伏，坐食。訖，仍行酒。會畢，俱興，各以次引降復位。立定，贊唱者曰：「再拜。」在位者皆再拜，以次引出。 |
| | Before the assembly, this office rearranged the positions of the governor and those below him in the courtyard of the hall according to customary rites. They also laid out a mat for the envoy between the pillars on the upper part of the hall, facing east; the governor's mat was placed to the east of the envoy's, facing west; local officials' mats were arranged behind the governor's, each according to their rank and status, with positions considered superior in the southern direction. Those seated in the courtyard had civil officials on the east and military officials on the west, all with positions considered superior to the north. After the arrangements were completed, the governor and those below him each wore official uniforms or regular attire as usual. The ceremonial officer led the envoy, while the assistant official in charge led out the state governor; another ceremonial officer guided officials attending the assembly to their positions outside the gate together. After taking their positions, a designated announcer entered first and took his position. The ceremonial officer led the envoy in first, followed by the assistant official guiding the governor; then the ceremonial officer guided those attending the assembly into their positions in order. After taking their positions, the announcer declared: "Bow twice." All those present bowed twice. The ceremonial officer led the envoy; the assistant official guided the governor, and another ceremonial officer led those who were to ascend the steps in order toward the eastern and western steps. Each stood behind their respective mats. Those whose positions remained below the steps were also guided to stand behind their mats. After all those above and below took their standing positions, they all sat down at their respective seats, bowed low, then sat upright, and the wine ceremony proceeded. When the wine arrived, those above and below all bowed low, rose, stood behind their seats, and performed a double bow. They then raised their tablets, stood to receive the wine, returned to their seats, bowed again, sat upright, and drank. After three rounds of serving wine, food was presented. When the food arrived, those above and below both bowed low, rose, and stood behind their seats. After the food was set in place, they all returned to their seats, bowed low, sat upright, and began eating. After finishing, wine service continued as before. When the assembly concluded, all rose and were led in order back to their original positions. After taking their standing positions, the announcer said: "Bow twice." All those present bowed twice and were led out in order.
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| | 諸州上表: |
前一日，本司設應集之官次於州大門外，文官道東，武官道西，俱南向，相對為首。 |
| | The day before, this office set up the officials' gathering place outside the state's main gate, with civil officials on the east side of the official road and military officials on the west side, all facing south, opposite each other at the head.
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| | 諸州上表: |
其日夙興，本司設使者位於廳事階閒，南向。設刺史位於使者位之南，北向。設應集之官位於刺史之後，文官在東，武官在西，每等異位，重行北面，相對為首。設贊唱者位於東階東南，西向北上。設應集之官門外位，文官於門東，西向，武官於門西，東向，俱每等異位，重行，以北為上。 |
| | On that day, early in the morning, this office set up a position for the envoy on the steps of the hall, facing south. The position of the Cishi was set to the south of the envoy's position, facing north. The positions for the officials to be assembled were set behind the Cishi, with civil officials on the east and military officials on the west. Officials of each rank occupied different positions, arranged in double rows facing north, opposite each other at the front. The position for the announcer was set to the southeast of the eastern steps, facing west and slightly north. The positions for the assembled officials outside the gate were set with civil officials to the east of the gate, facing west; and military officials to the west of the gate, facing east. In both cases, each rank occupied a different position, arranged in double rows, with the north side considered superior.
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| | 諸州上表: |
質明，應集之官至州門外，各就次服朝服，非朝服者公服。贊禮者引應集之官俱就門外位。贊唱者先入就位，佐史對舉表案，立於贊唱者之西，北向。刺史朝服以出，行參軍引就位。贊禮者引應集之官以次入就位。立定，贊禮者引使者入門而右，詣階閒就位，南向立。贊禮者引表案詣使者前，使者取表，贊禮者引案退復位。餘表案位於使者西北，南向東上。贊唱者曰：「再拜。」刺史以下皆再拜。贊禮者引使者出，舉表案者從之。行參軍引刺史入，贊禮者引州官以次出。 |
| | At dawn, the officials to be assembled arrived outside the state gate and each took their places in morning court robes; those without court robes wore official uniforms instead. The ceremonial assistant led all the officials to be assembled to their positions outside the gate. The announcer entered first and took his position, while assistant clerks held up the memorial tablet case together, standing to the west of the announcer, facing north. The Cishi came out in court robes, and the assistant military officer led him to his position. The ceremonial assistants led the assembled officials into their positions in order. After standing at attention, the ceremonial assistant led the envoy through the gate to the right, proceeding to the steps and taking position facing south. The ceremonial assistant led the memorial tablet case forward to before the envoy, who took the memorial. The ceremonial assistant then led the case back and returned it to its position. The remaining memorial tablet cases were positioned northwest of the envoy, facing south with the east side considered superior. The announcer said: "Bow twice." The Cishi and all officials below him bowed twice. The ceremonial assistant led the envoy out, with those carrying the memorial tablet cases following behind. The assistant military officer led the Cishi in, while the ceremonial assistants led the state officials out in order.
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| | 諸州上表: |
上表者若止一人，則不須諸官陪位。上表者立於廳事東階東南，西面；持案者立於上表者東南，俱西面。使者入立於階閒，南向。持案者以案進上表者前，上表者取表，持案者退復位。上表者詣使者前授表，退，北面再拜。使者出，上表者入。 |
| | If only one person was presenting a memorial, then it was unnecessary for all other officials to accompany and take positions. The official presenting the memorial stood at the southeast corner of the eastern steps of the hall, facing west; the person holding the tablet case stood to the southeast of him, both facing west. The envoy entered and took position on the steps, facing south. The person holding the case presented it forward to before the official presenting the memorial, who took the memorial; then the person with the case withdrew and returned to his position. The official presenting the memorial approached before the envoy and presented the memorial, stepped back, faced north, and bowed twice. After the envoy exited, the official who had presented the memorial entered.
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