| | 祭后土: |
先於墓左除地為祭所。柩車到，祝吉服鋪后土氏神席北方，南向。設酒樽於神座東南，北向。設洗於酒樽東南，北向，罍水在洗東，篚在洗西，南肆，以巾爵實於篚。既復土，告者吉服，相者引告者與祝及執樽罍篚者，俱立於罍洗東南，重行西面，以北為首。立定，俱再拜。祝與執樽罍篚者俱就樽罍篚之後。相者進告者之左，北面白：「請行事。」掌饌者以饌入，祝迎引設於神座前，置設訖，掌饌者出。相者引告者詣罍洗，盥手洗爵，相者引告者詣酒樽所，執樽者舉审，告者酌酒，進，跪奠於神座前，俛伏，興，少退，北向立。祝持版進於神座之右，東面跪讀祝文曰：「維年月朔日，子某官姓名，敢昭告於后土之神：某官封謚，窆茲幽宅，神其保佑，俾無後艱。謹以犧齊粢盛庶品，明薦於后土之神，尚饗。」訖，興。告者再拜。祝進，跪奠版於神座，興，還樽所。相者引告者退復位，再拜，相者引告者出。祝以下俱復位，再拜，徹饌席以出。 |
| | First, clear the ground to the left of the tomb as a place for sacrifice. When the funeral carriage arrives, the shaman spreads out the mat for the Hou Tu Shi deity facing northward on the northern side, with the southern direction as the front. Place the wine vessel to the southeast of the deity's seat, facing north. Set up the washing basin to the southeast of the wine vessel, facing north. Place a leip (a type of large jar) with water to the east of the basin and a bamboo basket to the west of it, arranged in the southern direction; place towels and cups inside the basket. After the earth has been replaced, the person who gives the announcement wears appropriate ceremonial attire, The assistant guides the announcer, along with the shaman and those holding the wine vessels, leip jars, and baskets, to stand together to the southeast of the leip jar and basin. They form two rows facing west, with the northernmost position as the lead. After standing in place, they all bow twice. The shaman and those carrying the wine vessels, leip jars and baskets all move to behind these items. The assistant steps forward to the left side of the announcer and addresses him facing north: "Please proceed with the ceremony." The food officer brings in the offerings, and the shaman leads him to set them up before the deity's seat. After all the arrangements are completed, the food officer leaves. The assistant leads the announcer to the basin and leip jar, where he washes his hands and rinses the cup. The assistant then guides the announcer to the wine vessel location; the person holding the wine vessel lifts it up, the announcer pours the wine, proceeds forward, kneels to offer the wine before the deity's seat, bows his head down, rises, steps back slightly, and stands facing north. The shaman holds the tablet and advances to the right side of the deity's seat, faces east, kneels down, and reads the shamanic text: "On the first day of this month in the year [year], your servant [official name], dares to solemnly announce to the Hou Tu Deity: The official with posthumous title [name] is now laid to rest in this quiet abode. May the deity protect and bless him, so that there will be no future hardships." "We respectfully offer these sacrificial wine, millet, and various offerings to clearly present them before the Hou Tu Deity. May you kindly accept this offering." After finishing, he rises. The announcer bows twice. The shaman steps forward, kneels to place the tablet before the deity's seat, rises, and returns to the wine vessel area. The assistant guides the announcer back to his original position, where he bows twice; then the assistant leads him out. The shaman and others return to their positions, bow twice, clear away the offering table and mat, and exit.
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| | 虞祭: |
柩既入壙，國官若僚佐之長與祝先歸修虞事。牢饌如殷奠，器用烏漆。先造虞主，以烏漆匱匱之，盛於箱，烏漆趺，一皆置於別所。具饌於堂東。靈車將至，掌事者先施靈座於寢堂室內戶西，東向；於靈東又南北設帷，東出戶。腰輿將入，祝奉虞主入置於靈座，東向，設素几於右。掌事者設洗於西階西南，北向，東面當西霤，南北以堂深；罍水在洗西，篚在洗東，南肆，篚實爵一，巾一，加审。設瓦甒二於靈座之左，北墉下，醴酒在東，审用絺，加勺，南柄。 |
| | After the coffin had been placed into the tomb, the state officials and the heads of subordinate assistants and attendants offered prayers. He returned first to prepare for mourning rites. The sacrificial food was prepared as in a formal offering, and the utensils were lacquered black. The posthumous ancestral tablet was first made, placed in a lacquered black box, put into a chest with a black-lacquered base; all were stored separately. The sacrificial food was set up in the east part of the hall. As the funeral carriage approached, those in charge first placed the spirit seat inside the chamber of the sleeping hall to the west of the inner door, facing east; To the east of the spirit seat, curtains were set up from north to south, extending out through the eastern door. As the bier approached to enter, the shushi (ritual official) presented the posthumous ancestral tablet and placed it on the spirit seat, facing east; a plain table was then set up to its right. Those in charge set up a basin for washing at the southwest of the western steps, facing north; it was positioned to face east opposite the western eaves. The distance from north to south depended on the depth of the hall; 酹 The vessel for water was placed west of the basin, and the basket east of it. To the south were arranged four items: in the basket was one wine cup, one cloth towel, with additional items added on top. Two earthenware vessels were placed to the left of the spirit seat, beneath the northern wall; sweet wine was put in the east one. The cover used fine hemp cloth and a ladle with a southern-style handle was added on top.
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| | 虞祭: |
既沐浴，主人及諸子、妻妾、女子子內外升詣靈所。主人及諸子倚仗於室戶外，及應拜者哭於靈東西如初，內外皆哭。祝與執樽罍篚者各就樽罍篚所立。執饌者以饌入，俱升自東階，陳設如殷奠之儀，訖，掌饌者降出。 |
| | After the bath, the master of the house, his sons, concubines and wives, as well as daughters who were married or unmarried, both inside and outside relatives, ascended to the spirit's location. The master of the house and his sons leaned on their canes outside the room's door, while those who should kneel and bow cried east and west of the spirit as before; both internal and external relatives also wept. The shushi (ritual official), along with those holding the wine vessels, basin, and basket, each took their positions at their respective places. The person in charge of the sacrificial food brought it in, and they all ascended via the eastern steps. The arrangement followed the formal offering ceremony as before; upon completion, the head of the sacrificial service descended and exited.
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| | 虞祭: |
相者引主人降自西階詣罍洗，主人止哭，執罍洗者酌水，主人盥手，執篚者取巾於篚，興，授主人，主人拭手訖，受巾奠於篚。又取爵，興，以授主人，執罍洗者又酌水，主人洗廢爵，執篚者又授巾，主人拭爵訖，受巾奠於篚。相者引主人升自西階，詣酒樽所，執樽者舉审，主人酌醴。相者引主人進詣靈座前，西向跪，奠爵於饌前，俛伏，興，少退，西向立。祝以祝文進立於神座之右，北面，內外皆止哭。祝跪讀祝文曰：「維年月朔日，子哀子某，敢昭告於考某官封謚：日月遄速，奄及反虞，叩地號天，五情糜潰。謹以潔牲柔毛、剛鬣、明粢、薌合、薌萁、嘉蔬、嘉薦、醴齊，哀薦祫事於考某官封謚，尚饗。」祝興。主人哭，再拜。內外應拜者，皆哭，再拜。祝進，跪奠版於靈座，興，出復位。哭盡哀。 |
| | The assistant led the master of the house down from the western steps to the basin and wine vessels. The master stopped weeping; the person in charge of the basin poured water, and the master washed his hands. The basket holder took a towel from the basket, stood up, and presented it to the master. After wiping his hands, the master received the towel and placed it back into the basket. The basket holder then took a wine cup, stood up, and handed it to the master; the person in charge of pouring water again poured water for the master, who then rinsed the empty wine cup. The basket holder once again presented a towel; after wiping the wine cup, the master took the towel and placed it into the basket. The assistant led the master up from the western steps to where the wine vessel stood; the person in charge raised the cover, and the master poured sweet wine. The assistant led the master forward to before the spirit seat; kneeling facing west, he placed the wine cup in front of the sacrificial food, then bowed his head and lay prostrate. Rising slightly, he stepped back a little and stood facing west. The shushi (ritual officiant) advanced with the ritual text to stand on the right side of the ancestral tablet, facing north; both internal and external mourners ceased weeping. The shushi knelt and read the ritual text, saying: "On the first day of this month in the year..., your sorrowful son, someone," "Dare I solemnly announce to my late father, someone, with his official title and posthumous name: The days and months pass swiftly; suddenly it has come to the return mourning rites. I strike the ground and cry out to heaven, my five emotions shattered and disintegrated. With utmost care, I present pure sacrificial animals with soft fur and stiff bristles, refined grains, fragrant offerings of millet and beans, choice vegetables, and excellent sacrifices, along with sweet wine. "I solemnly present these offerings to my late father, Someone, with his official title and honorific name; may he kindly accept them."" The shushi rose. The master wept and performed two bows. Those inside and outside who should bow also wept and each performed two bows. The shushi advanced, knelt to place the wooden tablet of the ritual text at the spirit seat, rose, then stepped back and returned to his position. They wept with utmost sorrow.
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| | 虞祭: |
相者引主人以下出，杖，降自西階各就次。妻妾、女子子以下各還別室。祝闔戶，與執樽罍者降出。少頃，祝與掌饌者入，開戶，徹饌，祝匱主，闔戶以出。掌事者埋重於門外道左。 |
| | The assistant led the master and those following him out, leaning on their canes; they descended from the western steps and each returned to their respective positions. Wives, concubines, daughters (married or unmarried), and others of lower rank then returned to separate rooms. The shushi closed the door and descended with those in charge of the wine vessels, exiting together. After a short while, the shushi and the head of sacrificial offerings entered, opened the door, removed the food; the shushi then placed the ancestral tablet back into its box. They closed the door before exiting. Those in charge buried the sacrificial remains on the left side of the road outside the gate.
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| | 虞祭: |
閒日再虞，後日三虞，禮皆與初虞同。又閒日為卒哭祭。其虞祝辭，再虞云「哀薦虞事」，第三虞云「哀薦成事」。 |
| | On an interval day, a second mourning rite was held; on the following day, a third mourning rite took place, with all rituals identical to those of the initial mourning ceremony. Another interval day was set for the final weeping sacrifice. The ritual words of mourning offerings: in the second mourning rite, it said "Sorrowfully present the mourning offering," and in the third mourning rite, "Sorrowfully present the completion offering."
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| | 卒哭祭: |
前一日之夕，掌事者改廬，剪屏，柱楣，塗廬不塗見面，剪蒲為席，不緣，以木為枕。牢饌如虞祭。其日夙興，祝入，燭先，升自阼階，入於室，祝整拂几筵，啟匱，出神主，置於座以出。掌事者設洗於西階西南，北向，東面當西霤，南北以堂深；罍水在洗西，篚在洗東，南肆，篚實爵一，巾一，加审。設瓦甒二於靈座之左，北墉下，醴酒在東，审用絺，加勺，南柄。掌事者具饌於堂東。祝與執樽罍篚者先入，立於樽罍篚之後。 |
| | The night before, the person in charge changed the rooms, cut down screens, pillars and doorposts; paint was applied to the inner walls but not to the outer ones. They cut reeds into mats without trimming the edges and used wooden pillows. The food prepared was as if for a Yu sacrifice. On that day, they rose early. The shaman entered first, followed by the candles; ascending from the eastern steps, he went into the room. The shaman dusted and arranged the altar mat, opened the chest, took out the spirit tablet, placed it on the seat, and then exited. The person in charge set up a basin for washing at the southwest of the western steps, facing north, with its eastern side facing west toward the eaves. The distance from north to south was determined by the depth of the hall; A leipail (a large wine vessel) for water was placed west of the basin, and a fei (a basket) east of it. To the south were four items: one jue (a type of wine cup), one cloth towel, all added to the fei. Two earthenware wu (vessels) were placed to the left of the spirit's seat, beneath the northern wall; sweet wine was on the east side. Fine cloth covers were used for these vessels, each with a ladle added, and the handles of the ladles faced south. The person in charge prepared the food offerings at the eastern side of the hall. The shaman and those carrying the wine vessels, leipai (large vats), and fei baskets entered first and stood behind these items.
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| | 卒哭祭: |
內外縗服俱升。主人及諸子倚仗於室戶外，俱立於靈座東，西面南上；妻妾、女子子立於靈座西，東面南上。內外各就位，坐哭。掌饌者以饌升，入設於靈座前。 |
| | Both inner and outer mourning robes were worn by all who ascended. The head of the family and his sons leaned on their canes outside the room's door, all standing to the east of the spirit seat, facing west with positions arranged from south to north; Wives, concubines, and daughters stood to the west of the spirit seat, all facing east with positions arranged from south to upper ranks. Those inside and outside took their respective positions and sat weeping. The person in charge of the food offerings carried them up and placed them before the spirit seat upon entering.
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| | 卒哭祭: |
相者引主人降自西階，詣罍洗，主人止哭，盥手洗爵；相者引主人升自西階，入詣酒樽所，主人酌醴；相者引主人進，跪奠於靈座前，俛伏，興，少退，西面立。應拜者陪於後。祝持版入，立於靈座之南，北面。內外止哭。祝跪讀祝文曰：「維年月朔日，子哀子某，敢昭告於考某官封謚：日月不居，奄及卒哭，追慕永往，攀號無逮。謹以潔牲柔毛、剛鬣、明粢、薌合、薌萁、嘉蔬、嘉薦、醴齊，哀薦成事於考某官封謚，尚饗。」主人以下哭再拜，內外應拜者皆再拜哭。祝興，進，跪奠版於靈座前，興，還樽所。相者引主人退復位，哭盡哀，內外各還次。祝闔戶，與執樽罍者降出。少頃，與掌饌者入，開戶，徹饌，祝匱主，闔戶以降。 |
| | The assistant led the head of the family down from the western steps to approach the basin and leipai, where the head stopped weeping, washed his hands, and rinsed a wine cup; The assistant then led the head of the family up from the western steps again to approach where the wine vessel stood, and the head poured sweet wine; The assistant led the head forward to kneel before the spirit seat, where he offered the wine, bowed his head and lay prostrate, then rose, stepped back slightly, and stood facing west. Those who should bow followed behind him. The shaman, holding a tablet, entered and stood to the south of the spirit seat, facing north. Those inside and outside stopped weeping. The shaman knelt and read the memorial text, saying: "On the first day of this month in the year, your son, the grieving son [Name], dares to solemnly announce to my late father, Master [Title and Posthumous Name]: Time passes without pause, and suddenly we have reached the end of the mourning period; our longing for you is eternal, but no matter how hard we call out, we cannot reach you. We respectfully offer pure sacrificial animals with soft fur and stiff bristles, refined millet, fragrant grains, aromatic beans, choice vegetables, and fine offerings, along with sweet wine. With deep sorrow, we present these offerings to my late father [Title and Posthumous Name], may he kindly accept them." The head of the family and those below him wept and bowed twice; all others inside and outside who should bow also wept and performed two bows. The shaman rose, advanced, knelt to place the tablet before the spirit seat, then stood up again and returned to where the wine vessel was. The assistant led the head back to his original position, where he wept with utmost sorrow; those inside and outside returned to their respective places. The shaman closed the door and descended with those carrying the wine vessels and leipai before exiting. After a short while, he re-entered with the person in charge of food offerings, opened the door, removed the offerings, placed the spirit tablet back into its chest, closed the door, and descended.
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| | 卒哭祭: |
自卒哭之後，朝一哭，夕一哭，蔬食飲水，周而小祥。 |
| | After the end of this mourning period, one should weep once in the morning and once at night, eat simple food and drink water, and after a full cycle, observe the Xiao Xiang ceremony.
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| | 小祥祭: |
主人有司先制栗主并趺匱等，如喪主之禮。前一日之夕，毀廬為堊室，設蒲席。周喪堊室者除之，設地席。陳練冠於次。主人及諸子俱沐浴，櫛，爪剪。牢饌及器如卒哭之禮。 |
| | The master's officials first prepared a pine-wood tablet and its base along with other items, in accordance with the rites for a mourning master. The evening before the previous day, the mourning hut was dismantled to make a whitewashed room, and rush mats were laid out. For those in mourning according to the Zhou rites, the whitewashed room is removed, and floor mats are set up instead. White hemp hats were placed in the side chamber. The master and his sons all bathed, combed their hair, and trimmed their nails. The sacrificial food and vessels were prepared according to the rites for the cessation of wailing.
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| | 小祥祭: |
其日夙興，祝入，燭先，升自阼階，入於室。祝於靈座之西更設喪主座，東向。祝奉喪主置於座訖，祝出，迎栗主入置於舊靈座，祝開匱，奉出栗主，置於靈座訖，設几於右，乃出。 |
| | On that day, they rose early; the shaman entered first, followed by torchbearers, ascending from the eastern steps and entering the hall. The shaman set up a seat for the mourning master to the west of the spirit tablet, facing east. After the shaman placed the mourning master in his seat, he exited and went to welcome the pine-wood tablet. He brought it into the hall and placed it on its original spirit tablet stand. The shaman opened the casket, took out the pine-wood tablet, and placed it on the spirit tablet stand; then a table was set up on the right side, after which he exited.
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| | 小祥祭: |
掌事者設罍洗篚於西階西南如初。篚實爵一，巾一，加审。設瓦甒二於靈座之左，北墉下，醴酒在東，审用絺，加勺，南柄。具饌於堂東。祝與執樽罍篚者先入，立於樽罍篚之後。 |
| | The attendants set up the ritual vessels, basin for washing, and bamboo basket at the southwest corner of the western steps as before. One wine cup and one cloth were placed in the bamboo basket, with a cover added on top. Two earthenware vessels were placed to the left of the spirit tablet stand, beneath the northern wall; sweet wine was put in the eastern one. They were covered with fine cloth and each had a ladle added, with its handle facing south. The sacrificial food was prepared on the east side of the hall. The shaman and those carrying the wine vessels, ritual basins, and bamboo baskets entered first and stood behind them.
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| | 小祥祭: |
內外縗服。主人倚仗於階東，俱升就位，哭盡哀，相者引降，主人杖就次，主婦以下各就次。主人及諸子除首絰，著練冠，妻妾、女子子除腰絰。周服者者除之，丈夫素服吉冠屨，婦人素服吉屨。相者引主人及諸子倚杖如初，內外俱升就位哭。掌饌者以饌升自東階，入設於靈座前，設訖，掌饌者降自西階以出。 |
| | Those inside and outside wore mourning robes of hemp. The master leaned on his staff at the eastern side of the steps, and all ascended to their positions; They wept with utmost sorrow. The attendant led them down, the master took his staff and went to the side chamber, and the lady of the house and those below her each proceeded to their respective chambers. The master and his sons removed the head cords and donned white hemp hats, while wives, concubines, and female descendants removed their waist cords. Those in mourning according to the Zhou system removed them; men wore plain robes with appropriate hats and shoes, while women wore plain robes and appropriate shoes. The attendant led the master and his sons to lean on their staffs as before; those inside and outside ascended to their positions and wept. The person in charge of the sacrificial food ascended from the eastern steps, entered and set up the offerings before the spirit tablet. After completing this, he descended from the western steps and exited.
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| | 小祥祭: |
相者引主人降自西階，詣罍洗，主人止哭，盥手洗爵；相者引主人升自西階，入詣酒樽所酌醴，進，跪奠於靈座前，俛伏，興，少退，西面立。祝持版進立於靈座之右，北面。內外皆止哭。祝跪讀祝文曰：「維年月朔日，子哀子某敢昭告於考某官封謚：歲月警迫，奄及小祥，攀慕永遠，重增屠裂。謹以潔牲柔毛、剛鬣、明粢、薌合、薌萁、嘉蔬、嘉薦、醴齊，祗薦祥事於考某官封謚，尚饗。」主人哭再拜，內外應拜者皆再拜哭。祝興，進，跪奠版於靈座，興，還樽所。相者引主人就位，哭盡哀，內外各還次。祝闔戶，與執樽罍者降出。少頃，祝與進饌者入，開戶，徹饌，祝匱主，闔戶以降。其喪主祝奉出，埋之於廟門外之左。 |
| | The attendant led the master down from the western steps to approach the basin for washing; the master ceased weeping and washed his hands and rinsed the wine cup. The attendant led the master up from the western steps, into the hall where he approached the wine vessel to pour sweet wine. He then advanced, knelt and offered it before the spirit tablet, bowed his head and lay prostrate, rose, stepped back slightly, and stood facing west. The shaman carried a wooden tablet forward and stood to the right of the spirit tablet, facing north. Those inside and outside all ceased weeping. The shaman knelt to read the ritual text, saying: "On the first day of this month in the year, I, your sorrowful son "Name dares to solemnly announce to my late father, the official with posthumous title: The passing years and months press urgently upon us; it has suddenly come to the Minor Double. Clinging in longing forever, my grief is deeply renewed. "I respectfully offer pure sacrificial animals with soft fur and stiff bristles, refined grain offerings, fragrant rice, aromatic straw, choice vegetables, and choice sacrificial food, and sweet wine. " The rest is the same."}} "May these offerings be presented in reverence for the Minor Double rites to my late father, Official with Posthumous Title. May he kindly accept them." The master wept and performed two bows; those inside and outside who should bow also performed two bows while weeping. The shaman rose, advanced, knelt to place the wooden tablet before the spirit tablet, then stood up and returned to the wine vessel area. The attendant led the master back to his position; he wept with utmost sorrow, and those inside and outside returned to their respective chambers. The shaman closed the door and, together with those carrying the wine vessels, descended and exited. After a short while, the shaman and those who had brought in the sacrificial food entered, opened the door, removed the offerings, the shaman placed the tablet back into its casket, closed the door, and descended. The mourning master's tablet was taken out by the shaman, and it was buried to the left outside the temple gate.
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| | 小祥祭: |
自小祥之後，止朝夕之哭，始食菜果，飯素食，飲水漿。無鹽酪不能食，鹽酪可。又周而大祥。 |
| | After the Minor Double, morning and evening weeping ceased; They began to eat vegetables and fruits, consumed plain vegetarian meals, and drank water or thin porridge. If salted dairy products are unavailable, one cannot eat; if available, they may be eaten. After another cycle of twenty-seven days came the Major Double.
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| | 大祥祭: |
前一日之夕，除堊室，張帷，又備內外受服各於其次。主人及諸子俱沐浴、櫛、爪剪。牢饌及器如小祥之禮。 |
| | The night before, they cleaned the chamber of lime, hung curtains, and also prepared inner and outer mourning clothes Each in their respective places. The master of the house and his sons all bathed, combed their hair, and trimmed their nails. The sacrificial food and vessels were prepared according to the rites for xiaoxiang.
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| | 大祥祭: |
其日夙興，內外各服其縗服，並於次哭，盡哀。除服者著除服訖，又哭，盡哀止。昧爽前，祝入，燭先，升自阼階，入於室，祝整拂靈筵，啟匱出神主，置於座，右几以出。 |
| | On that day, they rose early; those inside and outside each wore their mourning attire, gathered at the designated place to weep, expressing all their sorrow. After those who were to remove their mourning clothes had done so completely, they cried again until their grief was exhausted and then stopped. Before the break of dawn, The shushi entered first, followed by the torchbearers. They ascended from the eastern steps and entered the chamber; the shushi tidied and brushed the spirit mat, opened the casket to take out the spirit tablet, placed it on the seat, and exited with it on his right side.
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| | 大祥祭: |
掌事者設罍洗篚於西階西南如初，篚實爵一，巾一，加审。設瓦甒二於靈座之左，北墉下，醴酒在東，审用絺，加勺，南柄。具饌於堂東。祝與執樽罍者先入，立於樽罍之後。內外俱升，就位哭。掌饌者以饌升自東階，入設於座前，置設訖，掌饌者降自西階以出。 |
| | The person in charge set up the ritual vessels, washing basin, and bamboo basket at the southwest of the western steps as before; the basket contained one wine cup, one cloth towel, and added a cover. Two earthenware vessels were placed to the left of the spirit seat, beneath the northern wall; sweet wine was on the east side. The cover used fine hemp cloth and had a ladle added with its handle facing south. The sacrificial food was prepared at the eastern part of the hall. The shushi and those holding the wine vessels entered first, standing behind the wine vessels. Those inside and outside all ascended and took their positions to weep. The person in charge of the sacrificial food ascended from the eastern steps, entered to set up the offerings before the seat; after setting them all down, the person descended from the western steps and exited.
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| | 大祥祭: |
相者引主人降自西階，詣罍洗，主人止哭，盥手洗爵。相者引主人升自西階，詣酒樽所，酌醴，進，跪奠於靈前，俛伏，興，少退，西面立。祝持版進立於靈座之右，北面。內外皆止哭。祝跪讀祝文曰：「維年月朔日，子哀子某敢昭告於考某官封謚：日月逾邁，奄及大祥，攀慕永遠，無任荒踣。謹以潔牲柔毛、剛鬣、明粢、薌合、薌萁、嘉蔬、嘉薦、醴齊，祗薦祥事於考某官封謚，尚饗。」主人哭再拜，應拜者皆再拜哭。祝興，進，跪奠版於靈座，興，還樽所。相者引主人就位哭，盡哀。 |
| | The assistant led the master of the house to descend from the western steps, approach the washing basin; the master stopped weeping and washed his hands and rinsed the wine cup. The assistant led the master to ascend from the western steps, go to where the wine vessel was located; he poured sweet wine, advanced, knelt and offered it before the spirit tablet, bowed his head and lay prostrate, then rose, stepped back slightly, and stood facing west. The shushi held a wooden tablet and advanced to stand on the right side of the spirit seat, facing north. Those inside and outside all ceased weeping. The shushi knelt to read the ritual text, saying: "On the first day of this month in the year, I, the grieving son "Name respectfully announces this to my late father, official title and posthumous name: "The days and months have passed swiftly, and now we have reached da xiang; my yearning for you is eternal, and I am overwhelmed with grief." "I respectfully offer pure sacrificial animals with soft fur and stiff bristles, refined grain offerings, fragrant rice, aromatic straw, choice vegetables, and choice sacrificial items, sweet wine. "Presenting these offerings for da xiang rites to my late father, title and posthumous name, may you kindly accept them.' " The master wept and performed two bows; those who should respond also wept and performed two bows. The shushi rose, advanced, knelt to place the wooden tablet before the spirit seat, then stood up again and returned to where the wine vessel was. The assistant led the master back to his position to weep, expressing all his sorrow.
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| | 大祥祭: |
主人以下各還外寢，妻妾、女子子以下還於寢。祝闔戶，與執樽罍者降出。少頃，掌饌者入，開戶，徹饌，祝匱主，闔戶而出。 |
| | The master and those below him returned to their outer sleeping quarters; the wife, concubines, daughters, and younger sons returned to the inner sleeping quarters. The shushi closed the door and descended with those holding the wine vessels before exiting. After a short while, the person in charge of food entered, opened the door, and removed the sacrificial offerings; the shushi placed the spirit tablet back into its casket. They closed the door and exited.
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| | 大祥祭: |
閒月而禫。自大祥之後，外無哭者，食有醢醬。 |
| | After an interval of a month, the dan rite was performed. After da xiang, there were no mourners weeping outside; meals now included fermented meat and sauce.
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| | 禫祭: |
前一日，掌事者先備內外禫服，各陳於別所。主人及諸子俱沐浴、櫛、爪剪，仍宿於外寢。牢饌及器如大祥之禮。 |
| | On the previous day, the officials in charge first prepared mourning clothes for inside and outside, each displayed at separate locations. The master of the house and his sons all bathed, combed their hair, trimmed their nails, and stayed overnight in the outer chamber. The sacrificial food and vessels were prepared according to the rites of the Daxiang ceremony.
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| | 禫祭: |
其日夙興，祝入，燭先，升，拂几筵，啟匱，出神主置於座。掌事者設罍洗篚於東階東南如常，篚實爵一，巾一，加审。設瓦甒二於座之左，北墉下，醴酒在東，审用絺，加勺，南柄。具饌於堂東。祝與執樽罍篚者先入，立於樽罍篚之後。 |
| | On that day, early in the morning, the shaman entered first, followed by the lighting of candles. They ascended to sweep the mat and table, opened the chest, took out the spirit tablet, and placed it on the seat. The officials in charge placed the leiwashan (vessel and basin) and bamboo basket on the southeast side of the eastern steps as usual, with one wine cup and one cloth towel placed inside the basket, along with additional items. Two earthenware vessels were set on the left side of the seat, beneath the northern wall; sweet wine was placed to the east. The vessel used fine hemp fabric for covering and added a ladle with its handle facing south. The sacrificial food was prepared in the eastern part of the hall. The shaman and those carrying the wine vessels, leiwashan, and baskets entered first and stood behind them.
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| | 禫祭: |
主人及諸子、妻妾、女子子仍祥服，內外俱升就位，哭盡哀，降，釋祥服，應禫服者著禫服。相者引主人以下俱升，就位哭。掌饌者以饌入，升，設於座前訖，執饌者出。 |
| | The master of the house, his sons, wives, concubines, and daughters still wore their mourning clothes for the Xiang ceremony. Those inside and outside ascended to their positions, wept with utmost grief, descended, removed the Xiang mourning clothes, and those who should wear Sandan ceremonial attire put it on. The assistant led the master of the house and all others downward to ascend, take their positions, and weep. The official in charge of sacrificial food brought the offerings in, ascended, placed them before the seat, and after completion, the person holding the offerings stepped out.
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| | 禫祭: |
相者引主人降自東階，詣罍洗，盥手洗爵；相者引主人升自東階，詣酒樽所，酌醴，進，跪奠於座前，俛伏，興，少退，西面立。祝持版進立於座之右，北面。內外皆止哭。祝跪讀祝文曰：「維年月朔日，子孤子某，敢昭告於考某官封謚：禫制有期，追遠無及，謹以潔牲柔毛、剛鬣、明粢、薌合、薌萁、嘉蔬、嘉薦、醴齊，祗薦禫事於考某官封謚，尚饗。」主人哭再拜，應拜者再拜，內外皆哭。祝興，進，跪奠版於座，還樽所。 |
| | The assistant led the master down from the eastern steps to approach the leiwashan for hand-washing and rinsing the wine cup; The assistant led the master up from the eastern steps to the wine vessel, where he poured sweet wine, advanced, knelt and offered it before the seat, bowed his head and lay prostrate, then rose, stepped back slightly, and stood facing west. The shaman held a tablet and advanced to stand on the right side of the seat, facing north. Those inside and outside all ceased weeping. The shaman knelt and read the memorial text, saying: "On the first day of this month in the year, your son, the orphaned son [Name], dares to solemnly announce to my late father, [Title] [Posthumous Name]: The mourning period has its limits, but the remembrance of ancestors is endless. We respectfully offer clean sacrificial animals with soft fur and stiff bristles, refined millet, fragrant grains, aromatic beans, choice vegetables, and fine offerings, along with sweet wine. We respectfully present these offerings for the Sandan ceremony to my late father [Title] [Posthumous Title]. May he kindly accept them." The master wept and bowed twice; those who should bow also did so, while all inside and outside cried. The shaman rose, advanced, knelt to place the tablet before the seat, then returned to the wine vessel area.
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| | 禫祭: |
相者引主人以下出，降自東階，還寢；內相者引妻妾、女子子以下降自西階側，還於寢。祝闔戶，與執樽罍者降出。少頃，掌饌者入，開戶，徹饌以出；祝匱神主，闔戶以降。 |
| | The assistant led the master and those following him out, descending from the eastern steps back to their chambers; The inner assistants led the wives, concubines, daughters, and other female relatives down from the side of the western steps back to their chambers. The shaman closed the door and descended with those carrying the wine vessels outside. After a short while, the official in charge of sacrificial offerings entered, opened the door, and removed the food before exiting; The shaman placed the spirit tablet back into its chest, closed the door, and descended.
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| | 禫祭: |
祔廟如別儀。自禫之後，內無哭者，始飲醴酒，食乾肉。 |
| | The ceremony for enshrining in the ancestral temple followed a separate ritual. After the Sandan ceremony, there were no more mourners inside; they began to drink sweet wine and eat dried meat.
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| | 祔廟: |
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| | 祔廟: |
將祔，卜日如常儀。 |
| | Before performing the fu sacrifice, a date was divined as per the usual ritual procedures.
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| | 祔廟: |
將祔，掌事者先於始祖廟室內西壁為埳室。前三日，主人及亞獻、終獻及諸執事者俱散齋二日，致齋一日。 |
| | Before performing the fu sacrifice, those in charge first constructed a pit chamber on the western wall inside the ancestral temple of the progenitor. Three days prior, the master of ceremonies, as well as the assistant offerer, final offerer, and all other officials involved, observed a two-day period of scattered fasting followed by one day of strict fasting.
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| | 祔廟: |
前一日，掌事者清掃廟之內外。其廟應遞遷者，皆出神主置於座，主人以酒脯告遷訖，遂移床幄，以次遷神主，置於幄座，又奠酒脯醢以安神。少頃，掌饌者徹饌以出，掌廟者以次匱神主納於埳室訖，又設考之祔座於曾祖室內東壁下，西向，右几。設主人位於東階東南，西向。設子孫位於南門內道東，北面西上。設亞獻、終獻位於主人東南，設掌事者以下位於終獻東南，俱西面北上。設贊唱者位於主人西南，西面。設酒樽於堂上室戶之東南，北向西上。設洗於阼階東南，北向，東西當東霤，南北以堂深；罍水在洗東，篚在洗西，南肆，篚實爵三，巾二，加审。 |
| | The day before, those in charge swept the inside and outside of the temple. For temples where the ancestral tablets should be transferred in succession, they all removed the spirit tablets and placed them on their seats. The master of ceremonies announced the completion of the transfer with offerings of wine and dried meat, then moved the beds and canopies in succession. The spirit tablets were transferred one by one to their new canopy seats, followed by additional libations and offerings of dried meat and fermented sauce to pacify the spirits. After a short while, the food attendants removed the offerings and exited. The temple officials then successively placed the spirit tablets into the pit chamber in order, They also placed the fu sacrifice seat for the father in front of the great-grandfather's chamber at the eastern wall, facing west with a table on the right. The master of ceremonies' position was set at the southeast corner of the eastern steps, facing west. The positions for descendants were arranged along the east side of the path inside the southern gate, facing north with seniority to the west. The positions for the assistant offerer and final offerer were set to the southeast of the master of ceremonies. The positions for those in charge and below were arranged to the southeast of the final offerer; all faced west with seniority ordered from north to south. The position for the announcer was set to the southwest of the master of ceremonies, facing east. Wine vessels were placed at the southeast side of the room's door on the hall floor, arranged with a northern orientation and seniority to the west. The ritual basin was set at the southeast of the eastern steps, facing north and aligned east-west with the eaves. The distance from north to south was determined by the depth of the hall; The water vessel (lei) was placed east of the basin, and the basket (fei) west of it. Facing south, the basket contained three wine cups, two towels, and additional items were added on top.
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| | 祔廟: |
祔日，內外夙興，掌饌者先具少牢之饌二座，各俎三，簋二，簠二，鉶二，酒樽二。其二樽，一實玄酒，為上；一實清酒，次之。其籩豆，一品者各十二。主人及行事者各服祭服。掌事者具腰輿。掌廟者開神主置於座，降出。執樽罍篚者入就位。 |
| | On the day of the fu sacrifice, both inside and outside rose early. The food attendants first prepared two sets of lesser sacrificial offerings for the two seats, each with three ritual stands (zu), two bowls (gui), Two fu (rectangular grain containers), two xue (cauldrons with legs and a cover), and two wine vessels. Of the two wine vessels, one was filled with xuanjiu (a symbolic black wine representing water from the beginning of time) and placed above; the other contained clear wine and was placed below. Their 笾 (bamboo baskets) and dou (earthenware vessels), for those of the first rank, were twelve each. The master of ceremonies and all participants wore their ritual attire. Those in charge prepared a sedan chair for the waist (a ceremonial carrier). The temple officials opened the spirit tablet and placed it on its seat, then lowered it out. Those carrying wine vessels, water jars, and baskets entered to take their positions.
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| | 祔廟: |
內外俱就靈室所。祝進座前，西面告曰：「以今吉辰，奉遷神主於廟。」執輿者以輿升，入，進輿於座前。祝納神主於匱，置於輿，祝仍扶於左，降自西階，子孫內外陪從於後。至廟門，諸婦人停於門外，周以行帷，俟祭訖而還。神主入自南門，升自西階，入於室。諸子孫從升，立於室戶西，重行東面，以北為上。行事者從入，各就位。輿詣埳室前，迴輿西向。祝啟匱，出神主置於座。輿降，立於西階下，東向。相者引主人以下降自東階，各就位。祝立定，贊唱者曰：「再拜。」在位者皆再拜。掌饌者引饌入，升自東階，入於室，各於神座前施設訖，掌饌以下降出。 |
| | Both inside and outside gathered at the location of the spirit chamber. The shang (ritual official) advanced before the seat, faced west, and announced: "On this auspicious day, we respectfully transfer the spirit tablet to the temple." ල Those carrying the sedan chair lifted it upward, entered, and brought the chair forward before the seat. The shang placed the spirit tablet into a box, put it onto the sedan chair, and continued to support it from the left side. They descended via the western steps, with descendants and other family members accompanying them from behind. Upon reaching the temple gate, all women halted outside, surrounded by a moving canopy and waited until the sacrifice was completed before returning home. The spirit tablet entered through the southern gate, ascended via the western steps, and was brought into the chamber. All descendants followed upward, standing west of the chamber's door in two rows facing east, with seniority determined by position to the north. The participants entered and took their respective positions. The sedan chair arrived in front of the pit chamber, then turned westward. The shang opened the box and removed the spirit tablet, placing it on its seat. The sedan chair descended and was stationed at the foot of the western steps, facing east. The assistant official led the master of ceremonies and others down via the eastern steps to their respective positions. The shang stood in position, and the announcer said: "Bow twice." All those present bowed twice. The food attendants led the offerings in, ascended via the eastern steps into the chamber, and arranged them before each spirit seat. After completing the setup, those below the head food attendant descended and exited.
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| | 祔廟: |
相者引主人詣罍洗，盥手洗爵，升自東階，詣酒樽所，執樽者舉审，主人酌酒，相者引主人入室，進，北面跪奠爵於曾祖神座前，俛伏，興；相者引主人出，詣酒樽所，取爵酌酒，入室，進，東向跪奠於祖神座前，俛伏，興，出戶北面立。祝持版進於室戶外之右，東向跪讀祝文曰：「維年月朔日，子孝曾孫某官封某敢昭告於曾祖某官封謚、祖某官封謚、考某官封謚：某罪積不滅，歲及免喪，先王制禮，練主人祔，宗廟上遷，昭穆繼序，是用適於皇考封謚，以遷王考封謚，躋祔孫某封謚。謹以潔牲剛鬣，嘉薦、普淖、明齊、溲酒，祗薦於曾祖某官封謚，曾祖妣某氏配；祖某官封謚，祖妣某氏配；考某官封謚。尚饗。」興。主人再拜。祝進，入，奠版於曾祖神座，興，還樽所。相者引主人入室，立於西壁下，東面再拜。相者引主人出，降，還本位。 |
| | The assistant official led the master to the basin and water vessel, where he washed his hands and rinsed a wine cup. Ascending via the eastern steps, they arrived at the location of the wine vessels. The wine vessel attendant raised the cover, the master poured wine, then the assistant led him into the chamber. He advanced, knelt facing north to place the wine cup before the great-grandfather's spirit seat, bowed his head and lay prostrate, then rose; The assistant official led the master out, to the location of the wine vessel where he took a cup and poured wine. He then entered the chamber again, advanced, knelt facing east to place the cup before his grandfather's spirit seat, bowed low and lay prostrate, rose, exited through the door, and stood facing north. The shang held the tablet and advanced to the right outside the chamber door, knelt facing east, and read the ritual text: "On the first day of this month in the year, your filial great-grandson, [Name], holding office as [Title] and granted the title of [Honorific], dares to solemnly announce before the spirit of His Late Lord Great-Grandfather [Name], who held the position of [Title] and was posthumously honored with the title of [Posthumous Title]." Grandfather [Name], holding the position of [Title] with posthumous title, Father [Name], holding the title of [Title] with a posthumous name: My sins have accumulated and not been expiated, yet the mourning period has ended. According to the rites established by past kings, after purification, the master of ceremonies performs the fu sacrifice; in ancestral temples, higher generations are enshrined first, with clarity and order maintained in their arrangement. Therefore, I now respectfully transfer my late father's title of [Posthumous Name] to be enshrined along with my great-grandfather who bore the title of [Name], thus elevating my grandson [Name] with his posthumous honor for inclusion. With utmost reverence, I present pure sacrificial animals with unshorn manes, choice offerings of grain and wine, clear sacrifices, and fragrant liquor, respectfully offering them to His Late Lord Great-Grandfather, [Name], who held the title of [Title] and posthumous name of [Posthumous Title], and his wife Lady [Surname]; To His Late Lord Grandfather, [Name], with the title of [Title] posthumously named [Posthumous Title], together with his wife Lady [Surname]; And to my late father, [Name], bearing the title of [Title] and honored with the name of [Posthumous Honor]. May the spirits partake of these offerings." He rose. The master bowed twice. The shang advanced, entered the chamber, placed the tablet before the great-grandfather's spirit seat, rose, and returned to the wine vessel location. The assistant official led the master into the chamber, where he stood beneath the western wall facing east and bowed twice. The assistant official then led the master out of the chamber, descended the steps, and returned him to his original position.
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| | 祔廟: |
初主獻將畢，相者引亞獻詣罍洗，盥手洗爵，升詣酒樽所，酌酒，入，進，北面跪奠於曾祖座前，俛伏，興；相者引亞獻詣酒樽所，取爵酌酒，入，進，東面跪奠於祖神座，俛伏，興，出戶北面再拜訖，又入室，立於西壁下，東面再拜，相者引出，降復位。 |
| | Just before the master's offering was completed, the assistant official led the assistant offerer to the basin and water jar, where he washed his hands, rinsed a wine cup, ascended to the location of the wine vessels, poured wine, entered the chamber, advanced, knelt facing north, placed the wine cup before the great grandfather's seat, bowed low with forehead touching the ground, then rose; The assistant official led the assistant offerer again to the wine vessel, where he took a wine cup and poured wine. Entering the chamber once more, he advanced, knelt facing east, placed the cup before his grandfather's spirit seat. He bowed low with his forehead touching the ground, rose, exited through the chamber door and stood facing north to bow twice. After completing this, he re-entered the chamber, stood beneath the western wall, faced east, and bowed twice again. The assistant official then led him out, descended, and returned to his position.
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| | 祔廟: |
亞獻將畢，相者引終獻詣罍洗，盥手，升酌終獻如亞獻之儀訖，相者引終獻降復位。 |
| | Just before the assistant offerer completed his offering, the assistant official led the final offerer to the basin and jar for hand-washing. He ascended and performed the wine-pouring ritual following the same procedures as the assistant offerer. After completing this, the assistant official guided the final offerer down and back to his position.
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| | 祔廟: |
祝入，徹豆，還樽所。贊唱者曰：「再拜。」在位者皆再拜。相者引主人出，又相者引在位子孫以下出。掌饌者入，徹饌以出。掌廟者與祝、閽寺納曾祖神主於埳室，出。又以腰輿升，詣考神座前，祝納主於匱，置於輿，詣考廟，出神主置於座，進酒脯之奠於座前，少頃徹之，祝納神主於埳室。 |
| | The shang entered, removed the dou (earthenware offerings), and returned to the location of the wine vessels. The announcer said: "Bow twice." All those present bowed twice. The assistant official led the master outside, and another assistant official guided all descendants and others in attendance to exit as well. The food attendants entered, removed the offerings, and exited. The temple officials, together with the shang and gatekeepers, placed the great-grandfather's spirit tablet into the pit chamber and exited. They then used a waist sedan chair to ascend, arrived before the father's spirit seat. The shang placed the tablet into its box and put it onto the chair. They proceeded to the father's temple, removed the spirit tablet from the chair and placed it on the seat, offered wine and dried meat in front of it for a short time, then removed them. Finally, the shang placed the father's spirit tablet into the pit chamber.
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| | 祔廟: |
齊縗三年，其虞、卒哭、祥、禫變除之節，與斬縗同。父在為母、為妻當二祥及禫，日月之期雖異，其儀節則同。周服以下變除，依其月算，各以其日之晨，備縗服，升就位，哭盡哀，降詣別室，釋縗服，著素服，又就位哭盡哀，出就別室終日。異門者至夕，各還其家。 |
| | The mourning period for qicui (a lesser form of deep mourning) lasted three years, and the rituals marking changes in mourning—such as yu, zukou, xiang, and dan—followed the same procedures as those for zhancai (the most severe mourning). When a son mourns his mother or wife while the father is still alive and reaches the second xiang (a mourning stage) and dan (final reduction of mourning), although the specific dates may differ, the ritual procedures remain the same. For those in mourning below the level of zhoufu (a specific mourning rank), changes and removals followed their respective lunar calculations. On each designated morning, they prepared their mourning attire, ascended to their positions, wept with utmost sorrow, descended to a separate room, removed their mourning clothes, donned plain white garments, returned to their position again to weep fully, then exited to the other room for the rest of the day. Those who lived in different households could return home by evening.
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