| | 敵無固志... : |
春秋時，晉師伐楚，至於邲。楚師出陣。楚將孫叔敖曰：「進之！寧我薄人，無人薄我。詩云：『元戎十乘，以先啟行。』先人也。軍志曰：『先人有奪人之心。』薄之可也。」遂疾進師，車馳，卒奔，乘晉軍。晉帥荀林父不知所為，鼓於軍中曰：「先濟者有賞！」中軍、下軍爭舟，舟中之指可掬。中軍裨將趙嬰齊使其徒先具舟於河，故敗而先濟。 |
| | During the Spring and Autumn period, the Jin forces attacked Chu and advanced as far as Bi. The Chu forces deployed for battle. Chu general Sun Shuao said, "Advance! Better that we attack them; let it not be they who attack us. The Book of Songs says: "A hundred chariots lead the way, opening the path for the army." This means taking the initiative against the enemy. The military treatise says: "To strike before the enemy does is to seize their will to fight." We should attack them." So they quickly advanced their forces; chariots galloped and foot soldiers ran, charging into the Jin army. Jin commander Xun Linfu did not know what to do, and he beat a drum in the camp, saying: "Rewards will be given to those who cross first!" The central and lower divisions of the army scrambled for boats, with so many fingers lost in the water that they could be scooped up by handfuls. Zhao Yingqi, a deputy general of the central division, had his men prepare boats in advance by the river; thus, when defeated, they were able to cross first.
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| | 敵無固志... : |
春秋時，晉侯伐齊，齊侯駕，將走郵棠。太子與郭榮扣馬，曰：「師速而疾，略也。將退矣，君何懼焉？且社稷之主，輕則失眾。君必待之！」將犯之。太子抽劍斷鞅，乃止。於是晉師東侵至濰，南及沂。 |
| | During the Spring and Autumn period, Duke Jin led an attack on Qi; Duke Qi mounted his chariot and was about to flee toward You Tang. The crown prince and Guo Rong held back the horse's reins. They said, "The army is advancing quickly and aggressively; this is an act of plundering. The army will soon retreat; what is there for you, my lord, to fear? Moreover, the ruler of the state who acts recklessly risks losing the support of his people. You must wait for them!" They will provoke an attack. The crown prince drew his sword and cut the reins, and thus they stopped. Thus, the Jin forces invaded eastward as far as Wei and southward to Yi.
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| | 敵無固志... : |
春秋時，吳伐楚，楚師敗，及清發，將擊之。夫概王曰：「困獸猶鬥，況人乎？若知不免而致死，必敗我。若使先濟者知免，後者慕之，蔑有鬥心矣。半濟而後可擊也。」從之，又敗之。楚人為食，吳人及之，奔食而又從之，敗諸雍澨。五戰，及郢。 |
| | During the Spring and Autumn period, Wu attacked Chu; the Chu forces were defeated and retreated to Qingfa River, They intended to attack them. Wu Gaiwang said, "A cornered beast will still fight; how much more so for human beings? If they know they cannot avoid death and are determined to fight to the end, we will surely be defeated. But if those who cross first know they can escape, those following them will envy their fate and lose all desire to fight. We should strike only after half of them have crossed the river," he said. They followed this advice and defeated the enemy again. The Chu people were preparing food, when the Wu forces caught up with them. The Wu troops ran to seize the food and then pursued further, defeating the Chu at Yongshi. After five battles, they reached Ying.
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| | 敵無固志... : |
漢將趙充國討先零羌，羌久屯聚，解弛，睹見大軍，棄車重，欲渡湟水，道阨狹，充國徐行驅之。或曰逐利行遲，充國曰：「此窮寇不可迫也。緩之則走不顧，急之則還致死。」諸將校皆曰：「善。」虜果赴水，溺死者數百，於是破之。 |
| | Han general Zhao Chongguo campaigned against the Xianling Qiang. The Qiang had been stationed together for a long time, their discipline slack; upon seeing the large Han army, they abandoned their wagons and supplies and tried to cross the Huang River. As the path was narrow and constricted, Chongguo advanced slowly, driving them forward. Some said that pursuing profit would slow our advance, but Chongguo replied: "These are desperate enemies; they must not be pressed. If we proceed slowly, they will flee without looking back; if we press them too hard, they may turn and fight to the death." All the generals and officers said: "Well said." The enemy indeed rushed into the water, with hundreds drowning; thus they were defeated.
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| | 敵無固志... : |
後漢涼州賊王國圍陳倉，不拔而去。漢將皇甫嵩進兵擊之。董卓曰：「不可。兵法，窮寇勿追，歸眾勿迫。今我追國，是迫歸眾，追窮寇也。困獸猶鬥，蜂蠆有毒，況大眾乎！」嵩曰：「不然。前吾不擊，避其銳也。今而擊之，待其衰也。所擊疲師，非歸眾也。國眾且走，莫有鬥志。以整擊亂，非窮寇也。」遂獨進擊之，使卓為後拒。連戰大破，斬首萬餘級，國走而死矣。 |
| | In the Later Han dynasty, Liangzhou bandits led by Wang Guo besieged Chen Cang but failed to capture it and withdrew. Han general Huangfu Song advanced his troops to attack them. Dong Zhuo said, "No, you shouldn't. According to the art of war, one must not pursue desperate enemies and should not press a retreating force. Now, if we chase Wang Guo, it means pressing a retreating army and pursuing desperate enemies. Even cornered beasts will fight; wasps and scorpions are still venomous—how much more so with a large force!" Song replied, "That is not the case. Previously, I did not attack because I was avoiding their sharpness. Now we strike them, waiting for the moment when their strength wanes. We are attacking a tired and worn force, not a retreating one. Wang Guo's forces are about to flee; they have no will to fight anymore. We strike a disorganized force with our own discipline—it is not an attack on desperate enemies." Thus, he advanced alone to attack them, leaving Dong Zhuo as the rear guard. After successive battles, they achieved a great victory, beheading over ten thousand enemies; Wang Guo fled and died.
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| | 敵無固志... : |
晉將劉毅泝江追桓玄，戰於崢嶸洲。於時官軍數千，玄兵甚盛，而玄懼有敗衄，常漾輕舸於舫側，故其眾莫有鬥心。官軍乘風縱火，盡銳爭先，玄眾大潰。 |
| | Jin general Liu Yi pursued Huan Xuan up the river, fighting him at Zhengrong Zhou. At that time, the government forces numbered several thousand, while Huan Xuan's troops were numerous. However, fearing a defeat, Xuan often kept light boats drifting beside his larger ships, so his soldiers had no fighting spirit. The government forces took advantage of the wind to set fire and launched a full-scale attack with all their might, causing Huan Xuan's army to collapse completely.
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| | 敵無固志... : |
隋煬帝征高麗，大將宇文述與九軍過鴨綠水，又東濟薩水，去高麗平壤城三十里，因山為營。高麗國相乞支文德遣使偽降，請述曰：「遂旋師者，奉其主高元朝行在所。」述見士卒疲弊，不可復戰，又平壤險固，卒難致力，遂因其詐而還。半濟，賊擊後軍，於是大潰不可禁止，九軍敗績，一日一夜還至鴨綠水，行四五百里。初，渡遼九軍三十萬人，還至遼東城，唯二千七百人耳。 |
| | Emperor Yang of Sui led a campaign against Goguryeo. The general Yuwen Shu and the nine armies crossed the Yalu River, then moved east across the Sa River, thirty li from Goguryeo's capital Pyeongyang, setting up camp on the mountainside. Goguryeo's prime minister Qizhi Wendu sent an envoy to feign surrender, requesting Shu: "If you withdraw your troops, we will present our ruler Gao Yuan in person at the imperial court." Shu saw that his soldiers were exhausted and could not fight again. Moreover, the city of Pyeongyang was perilous and well-fortified, making it difficult to lay siege. Thus, he accepted their deception and withdrew. While half of the army had crossed, bandits attacked their rear forces. As a result, the troops completely collapsed and could not be stopped; the nine armies suffered a crushing defeat. In one day and night, they retreated back to the Yalu River over four or five hundred li. Initially, when crossing the Liao River with nine armies totaling 300,000 men, only 2,700 soldiers returned to Liaodong City.
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| | 敵無固志... : |
孫子曰：「歸師勿遏。」 |
| | Sunzi said: "Do not block a retreating army."
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| | 乘勝: |
後漢末，曹公征張魯，定漢中，劉曄進說曰：「明公以步卒五千，將誅董卓，北破袁紹，南征劉表，九州百郡，十并其八，威振天下，勢慴內外。今舉漢中，蜀人睹風，破膽失守，推此而前，蜀可傳檄而定也。劉備，人傑也，有智度而遲，新得蜀，人猶未附。今破漢中，蜀人震恐，其勢自傾。以公之神明，因其傾而壓之，無不剋也。若少緩之，則諸葛亮明於理而為相，關羽、張飛勇冠三軍而為將，蜀人既定，據險守要，則不可犯也。今不取，必為後憂。」曹公不從。居數日，蜀降者說：「蜀中一日數十驚，備斬之而不能禁也。」曹公悔之，又問曄曰：「今尚可擊否？」曄曰：「今已小定，未可擊也。」 |
| | At the end of the Later Han, Cao Gong campaigned against Zhang Lu and pacified Hanzhong. Liu Ye advanced a proposal saying: "Your Brightness led five thousand infantry to punish Dong Zhuo, defeated Yuan Shao in the north, and campaigned against Liu Biao in the south; nine provinces with one hundred commanderies, eight of them have been incorporated into your domain. Your prestige has shaken the world, and your power has cowed both inside and outside." Now that we have taken Hanzhong, the people of Shu will see our momentum and be terrified into abandoning their posts. Continuing forward with this initiative, Shu can be pacified merely by issuing a proclamation. Liu Bei is an outstanding man; he possesses wisdom and strategy but acts slowly. He has recently gained control of Shu, and the people there still have not fully pledged their allegiance to him. Now that Hanzhong has been captured, the people of Shu are frightened and terrified; their position will naturally collapse on its own. With Your Brightness's divine wisdom, taking advantage of their decline to press upon them, there is nothing that cannot be conquered. If we slightly delay, Zhuge Liang, who is clear in his reasoning and serves as a chancellor, along with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, whose bravery surpasses that of the entire army and who serve as generals, will have already stabilized Shu. Once they occupy strategic strongholds and defend key positions, it will become impossible to attack them. If we do not take action now, this will surely cause trouble in the future." Cao Gong did not follow his advice. After several days, a surrendering Shu subject said: "Within Shu, there are dozens of alarms each day; Liu Bei executes people but still cannot prevent them." Cao Gong regretted it and asked Yue again: "Is it still possible to attack now?" Yue said: "Now the situation has slightly stabilized; it is not yet time to attack."
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| | 乘勝: |
晉鎮南將軍、都督荊州杜元凱，襲吳樂鄉，虜都督孫歆。沅、湘以南，至於交、廣，睹風送款。時眾會議，或曰：「百年之寇，未可盡克。今將暑熱，水潦方降，疾疫將起，宜俟來冬大舉。」元凱曰：「昔燕樂毅藉濟西一戰，以併強齊。今王師兵威已震，譬如破竹，數節之後，皆迎刃而解也。」遂指授群帥，直詣秣陵。所過城邑，莫不束手，遂平吳國。先議者慚而謝焉。 |
| | Jin's Jian Nan Jiangjun, Dudou Jingzhou Du Yuankai attacked Wu's Lexiong. He captured the Wu Dudou Sun Xin. From south of Yuan and Xiang rivers to Jiao and Guang, people saw the momentum and submitted with tribute. At that time, in a meeting among the officials, some said: "A bandit who has been a menace for a hundred years cannot be completely subdued." Now the weather is becoming hot, and heavy rains are just beginning to fall; diseases will soon arise. We should wait until next winter for a major campaign." Du Yuankai said: "In the past, Yan's Yue Yi relied on one battle at Jixi to conquer the powerful Qi. 략 Now that our imperial army has already established its military prestige, it is like splitting bamboo; after breaking through a few sections, the rest will all fall apart effortlessly." He then assigned commands to his generals and directly advanced toward Moling. Every city and town they passed through surrendered without resistance, and thus the state of Wu was pacified. Those who had previously argued against this plan were ashamed and apologized.
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| | 乘勝: |
十六國蜀李特攻晉將張徽，徽軍潰。特議欲釋徽還涪，諸將進曰：「徽軍連戰，士卒傷減，智勇俱竭，宜因其弊遂擒之。若舍而寬之，徽養病收亡，餘眾更合，圖之未易也。」特從之，復進攻，徽潰圍走。特遣將水陸追之，遂害徽，生擒徽子存，以徽喪還之。 |
| | In the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Shu's Li Te attacked Jin general Zhang Hui, whose army was routed. Te proposed to release Hui and return him to Fu, His generals advised: "Hui's army has been engaged in continuous battles, and his soldiers have suffered heavy casualties. His wisdom and courage are both exhausted; we should take advantage of this weakness to capture him." "If we release him and show leniency, Hui will recover from his injuries, gather the scattered remnants of his forces, and reunite his remaining troops. It will then be difficult to deal with him." Te followed their advice and launched another attack; Hui's forces broke under the siege and fled. Te sent generals by land and water to pursue them, eventually killing Hui and capturing his son Cun alive. He returned Hui's funeral procession with the body.
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| | 乘勝: |
東晉將周訪討賊杜曾，曾大潰，殺千餘人。訪夜追之，諸將請待明日，訪曰：「曾驍勇能戰，向之敗也，彼勞我逸，是以克之。宜及其衰乘之，可滅。」鼓行而進，遂定漢沔。 |
| | Eastern Jin general Zhou Fang campaigned against rebel Du Ceng, who was heavily defeated and killed more than a thousand men. Fang pursued them at night, and his generals requested to wait until the next day. Fang said: "Ceng is valiant and skilled in battle; our previous victory was because they were exhausted while we were rested, which allowed us to defeat them." We should take advantage of their weakened state and strike now, when we can destroy them." Marching forward with drums beating, he thus pacified the regions of Han and Mian.
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| | 乘勝: |
大唐武德初，劉武周據太原，使其將宋金剛屯於河東。太宗往征，金剛遁走。太宗追擊，大破之，乘勝逐北，一日一夜行二百餘里，轉戰數十合，士卒疲弊。至高壁嶺，總管劉弘執馬而諫曰：「彁糧已竭，士卒疲頓，願且停營，待兵糧咸集，而後決戰。」太宗曰：「功者，難成易敗；機者，難得易失。金剛走到汾州，眾心已沮，我及其未定，當乘其勢擊之，此破竹之義也。如更遲留，賊必生計，此失機之道。」遂策馬而去。諸軍乃進，莫敢以飢乏為辭，夜宿於雀鼠谷之西原。太宗不食二日，不解甲三日，軍中苦飢。此夕唯有一羊，太宗撫將士，與之同食，三軍感恩，皆飽而思奮。明日，趨汾州。金剛列陣，南北七里，以抗官軍。太宗遣總管李勣等當其北，翟長孫等當其南，親御大軍以臨之。諸軍戰小卻，為賊所乘，太宗率精騎三千直趨金剛，賊眾大潰。 |
| | In the early years of Wude in the Great Tang dynasty, Liu Wuzhou occupied Taiyuan and stationed his general Song Jingang at Hedong. Taizong went to campaign against him, and Song Jingang fled. Taizong pursued and attacked, defeating him heavily. Riding on the momentum of victory to pursue the retreating enemy, he traveled more than two hundred li in one day and night, engaging in dozens of battles along the way, leaving his soldiers exhausted. When they reached Gaobili Ling, the Zongguan Liu Hong grasped Taizong's horse and advised: "Our provisions have already run out, and our soldiers are exhausted. I respectfully request that we halt here for a while to rest, waiting until troops and supplies are fully gathered before engaging in a decisive battle." Taizong said: "Achieving success is difficult but losing it is easy; Opportunities are hard to obtain yet easily lost. "Song Jingang has fled to Fen Zhou, and the morale of his troops is already broken. We should strike while they are not yet settled, taking advantage of their situation—this is what I mean by 'the bamboo splitting' strategy." "If we delay further, the rebels will surely devise a plan; this would be losing an opportunity." He then spurred his horse and rode off. The other troops thus advanced, none daring to cite hunger or exhaustion as an excuse; they spent the night at Xiyuan in Qiaoshu Gu. Taizong had not eaten for two days and had worn his armor without removal for three days; the army suffered greatly from hunger. That night, there was only one sheep available. Taizong comforted his generals and soldiers and shared the meal with them; all three armies were deeply moved by this gesture and felt full of gratitude, eager to fight. The next day, they advanced toward Fen Zhou. Song Jingang deployed his troops in a formation stretching seven li from north to south to resist the imperial army. Taizong dispatched Zongguan Li Ji and others to face the enemy in the north, while Di Changsun and others were sent against them in the south. He personally led the main army to confront them. When some of his troops slightly retreated and were exploited by the rebels, Taizong led three thousand elite cavalry directly toward Song Jingang. The rebel forces then suffered a major rout.
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| | 乘勝: |
武德初，太宗征薛仁杲，大破之，乘勝遂逼折眏城。竇抗等苦諫曰：「賊主猶據堅城，雖破其將宗羅赊，未可即逼。請按兵以候其變。」太宗曰：「算之久矣。破竹之勢，不可失也。賊大軍已敗，餘眾何足為虞，凶魁之計盡於此矣。」遂率眾而進。至夜半，軍臨賊城，守陴者皆亂，爭自投而下。仁杲窮蹙，開門請降。 |
| | In the early Wude period, Taizong campaigned against Xue Rengao and heavily defeated him; riding on his victory, he advanced to press against Zheyi Cheng. Dou Kang and others earnestly advised: "The rebel leader still occupies a strong fortress. Although we have defeated his general Zong Luo she, it is not yet advisable to press forward immediately." "We respectfully request that you hold your troops in readiness and await developments." Taizong said: "I have been calculating this for a long time. The momentum of splitting bamboo cannot be missed." "The rebel main force has already been defeated; the remaining troops are not worth fearing. The plans of this wicked leader have all come to an end here." He then led his forces forward. By midnight, the imperial army had arrived at the rebel city walls; those defending the battlements were in chaos and rushed to jump down from them. Xue Rengao, cornered with no escape, opened the gates and requested surrender.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
太公曰：「凡興軍動眾陳兵，天必見其雲氣，示之以安危，故勝敗可逆知也。」其軍中有知曉時氣者，厚寵之，常令清朝若日午，察彼軍及我軍上氣色，皆須記之。若軍上氣不盛，加警備守，輒勿輕戰，戰則不足，守則有餘。察氣者，軍之大要，常令三五人參馬登高若臨下察之，進退以氣為候。 |
| | Tai Gong said: "Whenever an army is mobilized and troops are deployed, the heavens will surely display certain clouds and vapors to indicate safety or danger; therefore, victory or defeat can be foreknown." Those in the army who understand and can discern atmospheric signs should be highly rewarded, and they should regularly be ordered to observe during early morning or at noon, examining the cloud formations above both enemy forces and our own troops; all such observations must be recorded. If the cloud formations above our army are not vigorous, increase vigilance and defense; do not lightly engage in battle. If a battle is fought under such conditions, it will be insufficient for success, but defense will have enough strength to spare. Observing atmospheric signs is a crucial aspect of military strategy; one should regularly assign three to five individuals to ride horses and ascend high ground or observe from an elevated position, using these signs as indicators for advancing or retreating.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡興兵動眾，忌大風雷，而陰不見日。 |
| | Whenever troops are mobilized, one should avoid strong winds and thunderstorms, especially when it is overcast and the sun cannot be seen.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡氣初出，如甑上氣，勃勃上積為霧，霧為陰，陰氣結為虹霓暈珥之屬。如不積不結，散漫一方，不能為災，必和。雜殺氣，森森然疾起，乃可論占，常以平旦下晡日出沒時候之，期內有風雨，災不成。或有黑氣如幢，出於營中，上黑下黃，敵欲來求戰，無誠實言，及九日內必覺，備之吉。或日月陰沉，無光不雨，或十日晝夜不見日月，名曰蒙日。久陰不雨，下謀上也。 |
| | Whenever atmospheric signs first appear, they resemble the steam rising from a steamer lid, accumulating vigorously upward as mist. Mist signifies yin energy; when yin energy condenses, it forms phenomena such as rainbows, halos, and auroras. If the atmospheric signs do not accumulate or coalesce but instead disperse loosely in one direction, they cannot bring disaster; such conditions will surely be harmonious. When mixed with killing energy, the signs rise swiftly and densely; only then can they be interpreted. One should regularly observe them at dawn, in the late afternoon, or during sunrise and sunset. If within this time there is wind or rain, disaster will not occur. If there is black vapor resembling a banner emerging from within the camp, dark above and yellow below, it indicates that the enemy intends to come seeking battle but does not speak with sincerity. Within nine days, this will surely become evident; being prepared in such cases brings good fortune. If the sun and moon are obscured, without light or rain, or if for ten days day and night pass with neither sun nor moon visible, it is called Mengri. Prolonged overcast skies without rain signify that those below are plotting against their superiors.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡敵上氣黃白潤澤者，將有威德；或軍上氣發，漸漸如雲，變作山形，將有深謀；或敵上氣黑中赤在前者，將精悍：皆不得擊。 |
| | Whenever the cloud formations above the enemy appear yellow and white with a moist luster, it indicates that their commander possesses authority and virtue; Or if the cloud formations above an army gradually rise like clouds, transforming into mountain-like shapes, it indicates that their general has deep strategies in mind; Or if the cloud above the enemy is black with a red center at the front, it means their commander is strong and capable: in all these cases, one must not attack.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡氣上與天連，軍中將賢良。 |
| | Whenever atmospheric signs extend upward to connect with the sky, it indicates that there are virtuous and capable commanders within the army.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡氣如龍如虎，如火煙之形，或如火光之狀，或如山林，或如塵埃頭尖而卑，或氣黑如門上樓，皆猛將氣。 |
| | Whenever the atmospheric signs resemble dragons or tigers, or appear like fire smoke, or take on the shape of flames, or look like mountains and forests, or like dust with pointed tops but low in height, or dark vapors resembling a gate tower, these are all signs of fierce generals.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡敵上氣青而疏散者，將怯弱。前大後小，將怯不明。 |
| | Whenever the cloud formations above an enemy appear blue and dispersed, it indicates that their commander is timid and weak. If they are large in front but small at the back, it means the general is cowardly and lacks clarity.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡軍上氣渾渾圓長，赤氣在其中，或有氣如赤杵在黑雲中，皆有伏兵。或兩軍相當，赤氣在前後左右者，有伏兵。隨氣所在防之。或有雲絞絞綿綿，此以車騎為伏兵；或有雲如布席之狀，此以步卒為伏兵；或有雲如山岳，在外有伏兵。不可不審察也。 |
| | Whenever the cloud formations above an army are round, long, and murky with red vapor in their center, or if there is a red pestle-like formation within black clouds, these all indicate hidden troops. Or when two armies are facing each other and red vapor appears in front, behind, or on either side, it indicates the presence of hidden troops. Defend wherever such atmospheric signs appear. If there are clouds that twist and stretch continuously, this indicates hidden troops using chariots or cavalry; Or if the clouds resemble a spread-out mat, it signifies hidden infantry forces; Or if there are clouds resembling mountains and hills, this indicates that hidden troops are stationed outside. One must not fail to carefully examine these signs.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡降人之氣，如人十十五五，皆叉手低頭，降之象。或有氣上黃下白，名曰喜氣，所臨之軍，欲求和退。若風不旁勃，旌旗暈暈順風而揚舉，或向敵終日，軍行有功，勝候也。 |
| | Whenever the atmospheric signs of a surrendering force appear, they resemble groups of people in clusters of ten or five, all with their hands crossed and heads bowed — this is the sign of submission. Or if there are signs where the upper part appears yellow and the lower part white, it is called "Xiqi," indicating that the army under its influence wishes to seek peace or retreat. If the wind does not blow forcefully sideways, and the banners and flags gently flutter in the direction of the wind or face the enemy all day long, it indicates that military operations will be successful — this is an omen of victory.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡敵軍上氣如山隄上林木，不可與戰；在吾軍，大勝。或如火光，亦大勝。或敵上白氣坌沸如樓，緣以赤氣者，兵勁不可擊；在吾軍，必大勝。 |
| | Whenever the cloud formations above a hostile army resemble trees on a mountain embankment, one must not engage in battle with them; If such signs appear over our own forces, it foretells a great victory. Or if they resemble flames of fire, this also indicates a great victory. If the enemy's cloud formations display white vapor rising in thick waves like a tower, with red vapor surrounding it, their forces are strong and should not be attacked; If such signs appear above our own army, we will surely achieve a great victory.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
或敵上氣黃白，厚潤而重者，勿與戰。 |
| | Or if the enemy's cloud formations are yellow and white in color, thick, moist, and dense, do not engage them in battle.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
或遙視軍上雲如鬥雞，赤白相隨，在氣中，得天助，不可擊。兩軍相當，上有氣如蛇，舉頭向敵者，戰必勝。 |
| | Or if from a distance the clouds above an army resemble fighting roosters, with red and white colors following each other within the atmospheric formations, it indicates divine assistance — such forces must not be attacked. When two armies face each other and there is a cloud formation above resembling a snake, with its head raised toward the enemy, battle will surely result in victory.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡軍營上有五色氣，上與天連，此應天之軍，不可擊。有赤黃氣干天，亦不可攻。或有雲如日月，而赤氣繞之，如日暈狀有光者，所見之地大勝，不可攻。敵上氣如虎狀，其軍不可攻。 |
| | Whenever there are five-colored vapors above a military camp that extend upward to connect with the heavens, it indicates an army favored by heaven — such forces must not be engaged. If red and yellow vapor reaches up into the sky, one should also refrain from attacking. Or if there are clouds resembling the sun or moon, with red vapor encircling them like a solar halo and emitting light, wherever such signs appear will bring great victory — one must not attack. If the cloud formations above an enemy resemble a tiger, their army should not be attacked.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
若逆風來，應氣旁勃，牙旗折，陰不見日，旌旗激揚，敗候也。 |
| | If the wind comes from the opposite direction, causing the atmospheric signs to spread forcefully sideways, if the standard flags break and fall, it is overcast with no sun visible, and the banners flutter wildly — this indicates an omen of defeat.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
若雲氣從敵所來，終日不止，吾軍不可出，出則不利。若風氣俱來，此為敗候，在急也。 |
| | If cloud formations come from the direction of the enemy and continue throughout the day without ceasing, our army must not go out; to do so would be disadvantageous. If both wind and atmospheric signs come together from the enemy's direction, this is an omen of impending defeat — it indicates a critical situation.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡敵上氣色如馬肝，如死灰，或類偃蓋，皆敗徵。或黑氣如壞山墮軍上者，軍必敗。或軍上氣昏發，連夜照人，則軍士散亂。 |
| | Whenever the color of the cloud formations above the enemy resembles horse liver, dead ashes, or something like an inverted canopy, these are all signs of impending defeat. Or if black vapor resembling a collapsed mountain falls upon the army, that force will surely be defeated. Or if dark vapors rise above an army and shine through the night, it indicates disorder among its soldiers.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
或軍上有氣，五色雜亂，東西南北不定者，其軍必敗。 |
| | If there are cloud formations above an army that display five mixed colors in disarray and shift unpredictably toward the east, west, south, or north, then that army will surely be defeated.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
或軍上有赤氣，炎炎降天，將死，眾亂。 |
| | Or if red vapor rises above an army, burning fiercely and descending toward the heavens, it signifies the death of their commander and chaos among the troops.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
或軍上有黑氣，如牛馬形，從氣霧中下，漸漸入軍，名曰天狗下食血，敗軍也。 |
| | Or if black vapor above an army takes the shape of oxen or horses and descends from among the mist, gradually entering the ranks, it is called "Tianguo descending to devour blood" — this indicates a doomed army.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
或有雲氣蓋道，蒙蔽盡山，此敗候。 |
| | Or if cloud formations cover the path and obscure entire mountains, it is an omen of defeat.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡城中有白氣如旗者，不可攻。或有黃雲臨城，有大喜慶。或有青色如牛頭觸人者，城不可攻屠。或城中氣出東方，其色黃，此天鉞也，不可伐，伐者死。或城上氣如火煙，主人欲出戰；其氣無極者，不可攻。或氣如杵，從城中向外者，內兵突出，主人勝，不可攻。或城上有雲，分為兩彗狀者，攻不可得。凡攻城圍邑，過旬日不雷雨者，城有輔助，疾去之，勿攻也。此皆勝氣。 |
| | Whenever there is white vapor resembling a flag within a city, one must not launch an attack. Or if yellow clouds appear above the city, it signifies great joy and auspicious events. Or if there is green vapor resembling a bull's head charging at people, that city must not be attacked or sacked. Or if the vapor rising from within a city emerges in the east and is yellow in color, this signifies heavenly authority — one must not attack it; to do so will bring death. Or if the vapor above a city resembles smoke from fire, it indicates that its defenders intend to come out and fight; If such vapors appear boundless in extent, one must not attack. Or if the vapor resembles a pestle and rises from within the city outward, it indicates that troops inside will suddenly emerge — this means the defenders will win; one must not attack. Or if there are clouds above a city that split into two comet-like shapes, an attack will be unsuccessful. Whenever attacking and surrounding a city or town, if after ten days there is no thunder or rain, it indicates that the city has divine protection — quickly withdraw and do not attack. These are all signs of victory.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡攻城圍邑，赤氣在城上，黃氣四面遶之，城中有大將死，城降。城上有赤氣如飛鳥，擊之，可破矣。或有氣出入者，人欲逃。或有氣如灰，氣出如覆其軍上者，士多病，城屠。或城上無雲氣，士卒散。或城營上有赤雲，狀如眾人頭，下多死喪，流血。攻城，有白氣繞城而入者，急攻可得。若有曲蛇從城外入城者，三日內城屠。此皆敗氣。 |
| | Whenever attacking and surrounding a city, if red vapor appears above the city and yellow vapor surrounds it on all four sides, this indicates that there is a great general who has died within the city — the city will surrender. If red vapor resembling flying birds appears above a city and it is attacked, the city can be broken. Or if there are vapors entering and exiting, it indicates that people intend to flee. Or if the vapor appears like ashes and covers the enemy's army as though blanketing it, this indicates that many soldiers are ill — the city will be sacked. Or if there is no cloud or vapor above a city, its troops have dispersed. Or if red clouds resembling the heads of many people appear above a city's camp, it indicates numerous deaths and bloodshed below. When attacking a city, if white vapor encircles the city and enters within, an urgent attack will succeed. If there is a coiled serpent-like formation moving from outside the city into it, the city will be sacked within three days. These are all signs of defeat.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
敵上有雲如車蓋，不可擊。若有雲如雙青蛇，雲去，可擊，大勝。 |
| | If there is a cloud above the enemy resembling a chariot canopy, one must not attack them. Or if clouds resemble two green serpents and then dissipate, it is an opportunity to launch an attack — this will bring a great victory.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
伏兵氣如幢節，在黑雲中轉高，銳不可擊。 |
| | The signs of hidden troops resemble banners or ceremonial staffs, rising high within black clouds; they are sharp and formidable — one must not attack them.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
城營上見有雲如雄雞，城必降。 |
| | If a cloud resembling a rooster is seen above the city or camp, the city will surely surrender.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
邊城雲如蛟龍，所見處軍將失魄。敵上有雲，長如引素，如陣前銳，或白黑色，有謀；青色，有兵；赤色，有反；黃色，急去。 |
| | If clouds over border cities resemble dragons, wherever they appear, the commanders of the opposing forces will lose their composure and morale. If there are clouds above the enemy that stretch long like drawn silk, resembling a sharp front of an army formation, or appear in white and black hues, it indicates they have plans; A green color signifies the presence of troops; A red color indicates rebellion; A yellow color means one should quickly withdraw.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
敵上有氣如牽牛，未可擊。有雲如坐人，赤色，所臨必有卒兵來至，驚恐，須臾而去。 |
| | If there is vapor above the enemy resembling the constellation of the ox-drawn cart, it is not yet time to attack. If there are clouds resembling a seated person in red color, wherever they appear will surely be visited by sudden troop movements and alarm, causing fear — but the disturbance will quickly pass.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡占軍氣，與敵相對，將當訪軍中善相氣者，厚寵之，當令清朝若日中時，察彼軍及我軍上氣，皆紙筆錄記，上將軍，將軍察之。若我軍上氣不善，但警備鎮守，勿接戰。敵在東，在南，在西，在北，每庚子日及辰戌午未，登五丈高臺，去一里占，百人以上便有氣。 |
| | Whenever interpreting atmospheric signs for military strategy, when facing the enemy directly, commanders should consult those within their army who are skilled in reading such signs and reward them generously. They should be ordered to observe at dawn or around noon, examining both the enemy's and our own cloud formations above the troops; all observations must be recorded with paper and pen and submitted to the general, for him to review and assess. If the signs above our own army are unfavorable, simply increase vigilance and strengthen defenses — do not engage in battle. The enemy is to the east; If they are to the south, If they are to the west, If they are to the north, On each Gengzi day and on days of Chen, Xu, Wu, and Wei, ascend a five-zhang high platform, stand one li away to observe — if there are more than one hundred people present, atmospheric signs will be visible.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
氣如塵埃，前卑後高者，將士精銳，不可擊。 |
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
氣如隄阪，前後摩地，避之勿擊。 |
| | If the vapor resembles a levee or slope, stretching forward and backward close to the ground, avoid it — do not attack.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
見彼軍上氣如塵埃沸粉，其色黃白，如旗旛，暉暉然無風而動，將士勇猛，不可擊。我軍如此，亦不用戰。 |
| | If the vapor above enemy forces resembles boiling dust or powder, appearing yellow and white like banners or streamers, shimmering visibly even without wind movement, it indicates that their generals and soldiers are brave and formidable — such a force must not be attacked. If our own army displays similar signs, we should also refrain from engaging in battle.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
對敵，或有氣來甚卑，不蔭覆人，上下掩搆蓋道者，大賊必至，食不及飽，嚴備之。 |
| | When facing the enemy, if there are atmospheric signs that appear very low and do not cover or shelter people, but instead stretch from above to below, blocking paths — this indicates a major bandit force is coming. Prepare strictly; even without time for full meals, be ready in advance.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡雲起，王相者吉，囚死者凶。有勝無，實勝虛，高勝下，澤勝枯，長勝短，厚勝薄。我軍在西，賊軍在東，西高東下，西厚東薄，西澤東枯，西長東短，則我軍勝也。 |
| | Whenever clouds arise, those that indicate the king's authority and vitality are auspicious, while those indicating imprisonment or death are ominous. Strength overcomes weakness; the solid overcomes the empty; the high overcomes the low; the moist overcomes the dry; the long overcomes the short; and the thick overcomes the thin. If our army is to the west and the enemy forces are to the east, with the western side higher than the eastern, thicker on the west than thin on the east, moist in the west but dry in the east, longer in the west than shorter in the east — then our army will prevail.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
兩軍相對，遙見軍上有氣，紛紛勃勃，如煙如塵，賊凶敗。 |
| | When two armies face each other, if from a distance one sees vapors rising above the enemy's forces in a chaotic and vigorous manner, resembling smoke or dust — this indicates that the enemy will suffer defeat.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
軍上下日無氣者，其軍必敗。若我軍無氣，將修德，撫士眾，存問寒暑，警誡固守。 |
| | If there is no vapor above our own army, the general should cultivate virtue, comfort and care for his soldiers, inquire about their well-being in cold or heat, and issue warnings to strengthen defense.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
有赤色氣如火，從天下入軍，軍亂，將死。有黑氣如牛、豬者，瓦解之氣，軍必敗。有白雲如瓜蔓連結，部隊相逐，須臾罷而復出，及至八九而不斷者，賊必至，嚴守之。 |
| | If a red vapor resembling fire descends from the sky into an army, chaos will ensue within that force and its general will die. If there is dark vapor resembling oxen or pigs — a sign of disintegration — the army will surely be defeated. If white clouds resembling the tendrils of melon vines appear, connecting and following one another in succession, disappearing momentarily only to reappear again, continuing for as many as eight or nine times without ceasing — this indicates that enemy forces are coming; strict defense is essential.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
若兩氣蒙圍城有入處者，外兵當攻入；若有出者，內兵當突出。 |
| | If two vapors encircle a city and there is an opening where they enter, then the outside forces will attack and penetrate it; if any vapor appears to be exiting, the defending forces within will launch a sudden sortie.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡氣安，即軍安也；氣動搖，則軍不安；氣四散去，軍破且敗。其氣如群羊，擊之，必大剋。 |
| | Whenever the vapors are stable and calm, it means that the army is also at peace; if the vapors move or tremble, then the army is in unrest; if the vapors disperse in all directions and depart, it indicates that the army will be shattered and defeated. If the vapor resembles a flock of sheep, attack it — certain great victory will follow.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
兩軍相當，有氣如飛鳥，徘徊在其城上，或來而高者，兵銳，不可擊。 |
| | When two armies are evenly matched and there is vapor resembling flying birds circling above the city, or coming in from a high direction — this indicates that their troops are sharp and formidable; such forces must not be attacked.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
兩軍相去十里內、三里外，軍上無氣，是死兵，擊之，必大勝也。 |
| | When two armies are within ten li but beyond three li apart, and there is no vapor rising above the enemy force — this indicates a dead army. Attack it, and certain great victory will be achieved.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
兩軍欲戰，視彼軍氣氛氳，如焚生草之煙者，初必精銳不可當，待其氣散擊之，必勝。其氣黑出如山帶黃，是謝氣，敵人自降。 |
| | When two armies are about to engage in battle, observe the enemy's vapor and mist. If it resembles smoke rising from burning fresh grass — at first their forces will be sharp and formidable, but once their vapor disperses, attack them, and you will surely win. If the vapor appears black in color, emerging like a mountain range with yellow tinges — this is a sign of decline; the enemy will surrender on their own.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
軍敗之氣，如群鳥亂飛，疾伐之，必大勝。 |
| | The vapor indicating an army's defeat resembles flocks of birds flying in chaos — strike swiftly, and certain great victory will follow.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
氣乍明乍暗，皆有詐謀。氣過旬不散，城有大輔，即去之，勿攻。 |
| | If the vapors flicker between brightness and darkness, it indicates deception or treachery is afoot. If the vapor lingers for more than ten days without dispersing, it means there are strong defenders within the city — abandon the attack and do not assault.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
凡敵上氣如雙蛇、飛鳥，如缺垣，如壞屋，如人無頭，如驚獐，如走鹿相逐，如雞相向，皆為敗軍殺將之氣。 |
| | Whenever the vapor above an enemy force resembles twin serpents, flying birds, a broken wall, a collapsed house, a headless person, startled gazelles, running deer chasing each other, or facing chickens — all are signs of a defeated army and the death of its general.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
敵上氣如囷倉，正白，見日益明者，將士猛銳，不可擊之。 |
| | If the vapor above the enemy resembles grain silos, appearing pure white and growing increasingly bright with each day — this indicates that its generals and soldiers are fierce and sharp; such a force must not be engaged.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
敵上氣黑中有赤氣在前，精悍不可當。 |
| | If the vapor above the enemy is black with red hues appearing in front — it indicates an elite, formidable force that cannot be opposed.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
敵上氣如轉蓬者，擊之立破。 |
| | If the vapor above the enemy army resembles a drifting tumbleweed — attack them and they will immediately collapse.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
天子雲，如千石倉，如高樓，如城門、華蓋，或赤黃，正四方。 |
| | The clouds of an emperor resemble a granary holding thousands of dan, or a tall tower, a city gate, or an ornate canopy — they appear either red and yellow in color, or perfectly square on all sides.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
遊兵氣，如彗雲掃除，或數百丈，萬萬無根本。 |
| | The vapor of scattered troops resembles a comet sweeping across the sky — it may stretch hundreds of zhang in length, but lacks any solid foundation.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
敗軍之氣，如破車，如人無足無臂。 |
| | The vapor indicating a defeated army resembles a broken cart or a person without legs or arms.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
若下輕其將，妖怪並作，眾口相惑，當修德審令，繕礪鋒甲，勤誠誓士，以避天怒。然後復擇吉日，祭牙旗，具太牢之饌，震鼓鐸之音，誠心啟請，以備天問，觀其祥應矣。 |
| | If the soldiers look down on their general, omens of misfortune will arise and people's words will confuse one another. At such a time, the commander should cultivate virtue and issue clear commands, repair weapons and armor, sincerely rally his troops with oaths, and thus avoid divine wrath. Only then should a favorable day be selected, the standard flag be sacrificed to with offerings of a full bull sacrifice, the sounds of drums and bells resound, and sincere prayers be made in earnest supplication — all to prepare for divine judgment. Observe the auspicious signs that follow.
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| | 風雲氣候... : |
若人馬喜躍，旌旗皆前指，金鐸之聲揚以清，鞞鼓之音宛以鳴，此得神明之助，持以安眾心，乃可用矣。雖云用賢使能則不占而事利，令明法審則不筮而計成，封功賞勞則不禱而福從，共苦同甘則犯逆而功就，然而臨機制用，亦有此為助焉。 |
| | If the soldiers and horses leap with joy, all banners point forward, the sounds of bronze bells are clear and resounding, and the tones of drums echo in harmony — this indicates divine assistance. Maintain calm among your troops to steady their hearts; only then can you proceed effectively. Although it is said that employing the wise and capable brings success without divination, clear commands and just laws ensure plans succeed without consultation by oracle, rewarding merit and laboring effort brings blessings without prayer, and sharing hardship with sweetness achieves victory even in defiance — nevertheless, when facing critical moments and making decisive actions, such signs still serve as helpful aids.
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