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《州郡九》

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1 打開字典	州郡九:	古冀州下今置郡府十九　縣一百三
		Ancient Ji Zhou xia now has nineteen commanderies and prefectures, one hundred and three counties
2 打開字典	州郡九:	河東蒲八縣河東　桑泉　猗氏　安邑　解　虞鄉　寶鼎　永樂　　　絳郡絳十一縣正平　曲沃　翼城　絳　聞喜　垣　夏　龍門　稷山　萬泉太平　　　平陽晉九縣臨汾　襄陵　霍邑　冀氏　汾西　洪洞　神山　趙城　岳陽　　　高平澤六縣晉城　陵川　沁水　端氏　高平　陽城　　　上黨潞十縣上黨　長子　潞城　壺關　銅鞮　武鄉　屯留　黎城　涉　襄垣　　　樂平儀四縣遼山　榆社　和順　平城　　　陽城沁三縣沁源　和川　綿上　　　大寧隰六縣隰川　大寧　石樓　永和　溫泉　蒲　　　文城慈五縣吉昌　仵城　文城　呂香　昌寧　　　西河汾五縣隰城　介休　靈石　孝義　平遙　　　太原并十三縣太原　晉陽　文水　陽曲　樂平　清源　太谷　祁　榆次　盂　壽陽　廣陽　交城　　　昌化石五縣離石　定胡　平夷　臨泉　方山　　　樓煩嵐四縣宜芳　合河　靜樂　嵐谷　　　雁門代五縣雁門　五臺　繁畤　崞　唐林　　　定襄忻二縣秀容　定襄　　　安邊蔚三縣靈丘　飛狐　安邊　　　馬邑朔二縣善陽　馬邑　　　雲中雲一縣雲中　　　單于府一縣金河
		He Dong Pu eight counties He Dong, Sangquan, Yishi, Anyi, Jie, Yu Xiang, Baoding, Yongle Jiang Jun Jiang eleven counties Zhengping, Quwo, Yicheng, Jiang, Wenxi, Yuan, Xia, Longmen, Jishan, Wanquan, Taiping Pingyang Jin nine counties Linfen, Xiangling, Huo Yi, Ji Shi, Fen Xi, Hongtong, Shen Shan, Zhao Cheng, Yueyang Gaoping Ze six counties Jincheng, Lingchuan, Qinshui, Duan Shi, Gaoping, Yangcheng Shangdang Lu ten counties Shangdang, Changzi, Lucheng, Huguan, Tongdi, Wuxiang, Tunliu, Licheng, She, Xiangyuan Le Ping Yi four counties Liaoshan, Yushe, Heshun, Pingcheng Yang Cheng Qin three counties Qinyuan, Hechuan, Mianshang Daning Xi six counties Xichuan, Daning, Shilou, Yonghe, Wenquan, Pu Wencheng Ci five counties Jichang, Wucheng, Wencheng, Lüxiang, Changning Xi He Fen five counties Xicheng, Jiaoxiu, Lingshi, Xiaoyi, Pingyao Taiyuan Bing thirteen counties Taiyuan, Jinyang, Wenshui, Yangqu, Leping, Qingyuan, Taigu, Qi, Yuci, Yu, Shouyang, Guangyang, Jiaocheng Changhua Shi five counties Lishi, Dinghu, Pingyi, Linquan, Fangshan Loufan lan four counties Yifang, Hehe, Jingle, Langu Yanmen Dai five counties Yanmen, Wutai, Fan zhi, Guo, Tanglin Dingxiang Xin two counties Xiurong, Dingxiang Anbian Yui three counties Lingqiu, Feihu, Anbian Mawei Shuo two counties Shanyang, Mawei Yunzhong yun one county Yunzhong Chanyu Fu one county Jinhe
3 打開字典	州郡九:	河東郡東至絳郡三百七十里。南至弘農郡一百七十里。西至馮翊郡八十里。北至絳郡二百七十里。東南到陝郡二百九十里。西南到華陰郡一百五十里。西北到馮翊郡韓城縣一百四十里。東北到絳郡三百七十里。去西京三百六十里，去東京五百四十里。戶七萬二百七，口四十六萬一千八十。
		He Dong Jun east to Jiang Jun, 370 li. South to Hongnong Jun, 170 li. West to Fengyi Jun, 80 li. North to Jiang Jun, 270 li. Southeast to Shan Jun, 290 li. Southwest to Huayin Jun, 150 li. Northwest to Fengyi Jun Hancheng Xian, 140 li. Northeast to Jiang Jun, 370 ri. It is 360 li from the Western Capital and 540 li from the Eastern Capital. Households: 70,207; population: 461,080.
4 打開字典	州郡九:	蒲州今理河東郡。唐虞所都蒲阪也。春秋時地屬魏，及晉獻公滅魏，以其地封大夫畢萬。畢萬，畢公高之後，魏犨祖父也。畢萬之後，十代至文侯，列為諸侯，與韓趙三分晉，地屬魏。至惠王，以安邑近秦，乃徙都大梁。秦兼天下，置河東郡，歷兩漢不改。博物志云：「有山澤近鹽沃土之人，不才。漢興，少有名人大衣冠，三代皆衰絕也。」魏晉亦然。後魏亦為河東郡，兼置雍州，及屬秦州。後周改為蒲州，亦兼置河東郡。隋初郡廢，煬帝初州廢，復置河東郡。大唐初，為蒲州。開元九年五月，置中都，改為河中府，尋罷仍舊。時揚州功曹參軍、麗正殿學士韓覃上疏曰：「臣聞禮記月令曰：『孟夏之月，無起土功，無聚大眾。』昔魯夏城中丘，春秋書之，垂為後誡。今建國都，乃長久之大業也。犯天地之大禁，襲春秋之所書，奪人盛農之時，愚臣竊以為甚不可也。至若兩都舊制，分官眾多，費耗用度，尚以為損，豈況更建中都乎？夫河東者，國之股肱郡也。勁銳強兵，盡出於是。其地隘狹，今又置都，使十萬之戶將安投乎！且陋東都而幸西都，自西都而造中都，取樂一君之欲，以遺萬人之患，務在都國之多，不恤危亡之變，悅在遊幸之麗，不顧兆庶之困，非所以深根固蔕不拔之長策矣。昔漢帝感鍾離之言，息事德陽之殿，趙主採續咸之諫，止造鄴都之宮。臣愚誠願下明詔，罷中都，則福履無疆，天下幸甚。」至六月三日，詔停。或為蒲州，或為河東郡。領縣八：
		Pu Zhou currently administers He Dong Jun. It was also the capital of Tang Yu in the past, known as Puan. During the Spring and Autumn period, this land belonged to the State of Wei; when Duke Xian of Jin destroyed Wei, he granted this territory to his official Bi Wan. Bi Wan was a descendant of Bi Gong Gao and the grandfather of Wei Chou. Ten generations after Bi Wan came Marquis Wen, who was enfeoffed as a feudal lord and divided the State of Jin with Han and Zhao; this land belonged to Wei. By the time of King Hui, because Anyi was close to Qin, he moved the capital to Daliang. When Qin unified the empire, it established He Dong Jun; this remained unchanged through both the Western and Eastern Han dynasties. The Book of Curiosities states: "People living near mountains, lakes, salt fields, and fertile land are not talented. "When the Han dynasty rose to power, there were few notable scholars or high-ranking officials; this continued for three generations until it declined and became extinct." The same was true during the Wei and Jin dynasties. Later Wei also established He Dong Jun, while concurrently setting up Yong Zhou; it later came under Qin Zhou. Later Zhou changed it to Pu Zhou and also concurrently administered He Dong Jun. In the early Sui dynasty, the jun was abolished; in the beginning of Emperor Yangdi's reign, the zhou was also abolished and He Dong Jun was reestablished. At the beginning of the Great Tang dynasty, it became Pu Zhou. In May of Kaiyuan ninth year (July 10, 721 AD), the central capital was established; it was renamed Hezhong Fu. Soon after, this designation was abolished and returned to its former status. At that time, Han Qin, a military officer of Yangzhou Gongcao and a scholar at LIZheng Dian, submitted a memorial stating: "I have heard in the Rites of Zhou's Monthly Ordinances say: 'In the first month of summer, do not initiate earthworks, nor gather large crowds.' "In ancient times, when Lu built Zhongqiu in Xia Cheng, the Spring and Autumn Annals recorded it as a warning for future generations. "Now establishing a capital is a great undertaking of lasting significance. "To violate the great prohibitions of heaven and earth, to follow what was recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals, and to deprive people of their prime agricultural season—this is something I, a foolish subject, secretly believe should not be done at all." "As for the old system of two capitals, with many officials and high expenses, it is already considered a burden; how much more so to build an additional central capital?" "He Dong Jun is the vital region of the state. "Strong and elite troops are all drawn from this area." "The land is narrow and confined; now, if we establish a capital here, where will the 100,000 households go?"! "Moreover, to look down upon the Eastern Capital and favor the Western Capital, then from the Western Capital construct a Central Capital—this is pursuing one ruler's desire for pleasure at the expense of causing suffering for ten thousand people. To pursue having many capitals without considering the dangers of collapse, to delight in the beauty of touring and visiting while ignoring the hardships of the common people—is this not contrary to the long-term strategy of deeply rooting and firmly establishing a stable foundation?" In the past, Emperor Han was moved by Zhongli's words and ceased construction of Deyang Palace; King Zhao heeded Xu Xian's advice and stopped building palaces in Yedu. "I, a foolish subject, sincerely request that Your Majesty issue a clear decree to abolish the Central Capital; this would bring boundless blessings and great fortune to the realm." On the third day of the sixth month, an edict was issued to halt the project. It was sometimes called Pu Zhou and at other times He Dong Jun. Administered eight counties:
5 打開字典	州郡九:	河東漢蒲阪縣。春秋秦晉戰於河曲，即其地也。有蒲津關，後魏大統四年，造浮橋；九年，築城為防。大唐開元十二年，河兩岸開東西門，各造鐵牛四，鐵人四。其牛下並鐵柱連腹，入地丈餘，并前後鐵柱十六。媯汭水，今有舜廟在焉，其廟周宇文護所造。又有雷首山，夷齊居其陽，所謂首陽山也。有風陵堆，與潼關相對。
		He Dong ancient Pu Ban Xian in the Han dynasty. The Spring and Autumn period battle between Qin and Jin at Hequ took place on this land. There is the Pu jin Guan; in the fourth year of Dastong under Later Wei, a floating bridge was built; In the ninth year, a city wall was constructed for defense. In the twelfth year of Kaiyuan in the Great Tang dynasty, east and west gates were opened on both sides of the river, each with four iron oxen and four iron figures constructed. The oxen had iron pillars connected beneath their bellies, extending more than a zhang into the ground, along with sixteen front and rear iron pillars. The Gui Rui Shui river—there is now a temple of Shun located there, which was built by Zhou Yuwen Hu. There is also Leishou Shan; Yi Qi lived on its southern side, known as the so-called Shouyang Shan. There is Fengling Dui, which faces Tongguan.
6 打開字典	州郡九:	桑泉有三疑山。漢解縣故城，今縣東南。
		Sangquan has Sanyi Shan. The ancient city of Jie Xian from the Han dynasty, now located to the southeast of the current county.
7 打開字典	州郡九:	猗氏漢舊縣，猗頓所居，古郇國也。有古令狐城，左傳云晉文公從秦返國，「濟河，圍令狐」，即此。
		Yishi an old Han dynasty county; it was where Yidun lived and is the ancient state of Xun. There is an ancient Linghu Cheng; according to Zuo Zhuan, when Duke Wen of Jin followed the Qin forces back to his state, "he crossed the river and besieged Linghu"—this refers to this place.
8 打開字典	州郡九:	安邑堯舜舊都。今縣西有鳴條陌，湯與桀戰於此。漢舊縣。
		Anyi the former capital of Yao and Shun. To the west of the current county is Mingtiao Mò, where Tang fought Jie. An old Han dynasty county.
9 打開字典	州郡九:	解隋曰虞鄉，武德元年改之。
		Jie was known as Yuxiang in the Sui dynasty; it was changed to its current name in the first year of Wude.
10 打開字典	州郡九:	虞鄉漢解縣地。後於虞鄉城置解縣，更於解西五十里別置虞鄉縣。
		Yuxiang was part of Jie Xian during the Han dynasty. Later, Jie Xian was established within Yuxiang Cheng; additionally, a separate Yuxiang Xian was set up fifty li west of Jie.
11 打開字典	州郡九:	寶鼎漢汾陰縣。有后土祠、湯廟。
		There are the Hou Tu Temple and the Tang Miao.}}
12 打開字典	州郡九:	永樂武德二年，分芮城縣置。
		Yongle was established in the second year of Wude by dividing Ruicheng Xian.
13 打開字典	州郡九:	絳郡東至高平郡四百五十里。南至陝郡二百二十里。西至馮翊郡四百十里。北至文城郡二百七十里。東南到河南府五百里。西南到河東郡三百七十里。西北到文城郡三百里。東北到平陽郡一百四十里。去西京五百二十里，去東京六百三十里。戶八萬二千二百，口五十一萬七千三百十。
		Jiang Jun east to Gaoping Jun, 450 li. South to Shan Jun, 220 li. West to Fengyi Jun, four hundred and ten li. North to Wencheng Jun, 270 ri. Southeast to Henan Fu, 500 li. Southwest to He Dong Jun, 370 rli. Northwest to Wencheng Jun, three hundred li. Northeast to Pingyang Jun, 140 ri. It is five hundred and twenty li from the Western Capital, and six hundred and thirty li from the Eastern Capital. Households: 82,200; population: 517,310.
14 打開字典	州郡九:	絳州今理正平縣。春秋時為晉國，即故絳與新田之都也。後韓魏趙滅晉，其地屬魏。秦屬河東郡。秦末，甚地屬魏豹。漢定魏地，還屬河東郡，後漢因之。魏晉屬河東、平陽二郡地。後魏置東雍州。其龍門、萬泉即屬秦州。西魏、後周以為重鎮。後周改曰絳州，兼置正平郡。隋初郡廢，煬帝初州廢，復置絳郡。大唐為絳州，或為絳郡。領縣十一：
		Jiang Zhou currently administered from Zhengping Xian. During the Spring and Autumn period it was part of the State of Jin, specifically the former capitals Gu Jiang and Xin Tian. Later, when Han, Wei, and Zhao destroyed Jin, this territory belonged to the state of Wei. During the Qin dynasty it was part of He Dong Jun. At the end of the Qin dynasty, this area belonged to Wei Bao. During the Han dynasty, after pacifying the territory of Wei, it was returned to He Dong Jun; the Later Han followed this arrangement. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, it belonged to both He Dong and Pingyang Juns. Later Wei established Dong Yong Zhou. Its Longmen and Wanquan belonged to Qin Zhou. Western Wei and Later Zhou regarded it as an important military stronghold. Later Zhou renamed it Jiang Zhou, while concurrently establishing Zhengping Jun. In the early Sui dynasty the jun was abolished; during Emperor Yangdi's initial reign the zhou was also abolished, and Jiang Jun was reestablished. During the Great Tang it became Jiang Zhou, or sometimes Jiang Jun. Administered eleven counties:
15 打開字典	州郡九:	正平漢臨汾縣地。有汾澮二水。有高齊故武平關，在今縣西三十里，故家雀關在縣南七里，並是鎮處。
		There are two rivers, Fen and Mei. There is the old Wu Ping Guan of Gao Qi, located thirty li west of the current county; and the ancient Jiaque Guan, seven li south of the county. Both were garrisons.}}
16 打開字典	州郡九:	曲沃漢絳縣地。春秋時晉曲沃地。臺駘神祠在此。
		It was Quwo territory of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period. The Temple of Taidei Shen is located here.}}
17 打開字典	州郡九:	翼城古晉之翼邑，漢絳縣地。
		Yicheng ancient Yi Yi of the State of Jin; part of Jiang Xian during the Han dynasty.
18 打開字典	州郡九:	絳春秋晉武公自曲沃徙此。漢聞喜縣地。
		It was part of Wenxi Xian in the Han dynasty. }}
19 打開字典	州郡九:	聞喜亦故曲沃地，漢左邑縣之桐鄉也。漢武行幸至此，聞南越破，以為聞喜縣。東北有董池陂，楊柳可為箭。高候原在縣北，即十六國劉曜破石勒將石季龍處也。
		Wenxi was also ancient Quwo territory; it is Tongxiang of Zuoyi Xian during the Han dynasty. Emperor Wu passed through here and heard news that Nanyue had been defeated; he named it Wenxi Xian as a result. To the northeast is Dongchi Bei, where willows can be used to make arrows. Gaohou Yuan is located north of the county; this was the site where Liu Yao defeated Shi Le's general Shi Jilong during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.
20 打開字典	州郡九:	垣漢舊縣。東北有王屋山，沇水所出。有古皋落城，西魏於此置邵郡，以備東魏。
		Yuan an ancient Han dynasty xian. To the northeast is Wangwu Shan, the source of the Yan Shui. There was an ancient Gaoluo Cheng; during the Western Wei dynasty, Shaou Jun was established here to guard against the Eastern Wei.
21 打開字典	州郡九:	夏漢安邑縣地。蓋以夏禹所都為名。夏都安邑城，在今縣北十五里。
		Xia was part of Anyi Xian in the Han dynasty. It was probably named after Xia Yu's capital. Xia Du Anyi Cheng is located fifteen li north of the present county seat.
22 打開字典	州郡九:	龍門古耿國。有龍門山，即大禹所鑿。三秦記云：「魚鱉上之即為龍，否則點額而還。」漢皮氏縣故城在今縣南。今縣則後魏秦州所理。
		Longmen ancient Guo State. There is Longmen Shan, which was excavated by Da Yu. The San Qin Ji records: "If fish and turtles ascend it, they become dragons; otherwise, they return with their foreheads marked." The ancient Han dynasty Pi Shi Xian walled city is located to the south of the present county. The current xian was administered by Hou Wei Qin Zhou.
23 打開字典	州郡九:	稷山漢聞喜縣地。後魏龍關郡。後周勳州故城在今縣西南十二里，即王思政所築玉璧城，為周氏重鎮，齊神武再攻圍，皆不剋。
		Jishan was part of Wenxi Xian during the Han dynasty. Later Wei Longguan Jun. The ancient Later Zhou Xun Zhou walled city is located twelve li southwest of the present county; it was Yubi Cheng built by Wang Sizheng, a major stronghold for the Zhou dynasty. Qi Shenwu launched two attacks and sieges but failed to capture it each time.
24 打開字典	州郡九:	萬泉漢汾陰縣。
		Wanquan was Fenyin Xian in the Han dynasty.
25 打開字典	州郡九:	太平漢臨汾縣。
		Taiping was Linfen Xian in the Han dynasty.
26 打開字典	州郡九:	平陽郡東至上黨郡三百九十里。南至絳郡一百四十里。西至文城郡二百十五里。北至西河郡三百九十里。東南到高平郡四百十里。西南到文城郡二百十里。西北到大寧郡二百五十里。東北到陽城郡二百五十里。去西京七百五十里，去東京七百二十里。戶六萬四千八百，口四十二萬一千八百八十。
		Pingyang Jun is 390 li east to Shangdang Jun. South to Jiang Jun is 140 li. West to Wencheng Jun is 215 li. North to Xibo Jun is 390 li. Southeast to Gaoping Jun is 410 li. Southwest to Wencheng Jun is two hundred and ten li. Northwest to Daning Jun is 250 li. Northeast to Yangcheng Jun is 250 li It is seven hundred and fifty li from the western capital, and seven hundred and twenty li from the eastern capital. There are 64,800 households and 421,880 people.
27 打開字典	州郡九:	晉州今理臨汾縣。亦堯舜之都，所謂平陽也。春秋時屬晉，戰國時屬魏。秦為河東郡地，二漢因之。魏分置平陽郡，晉因之。劉元海稱漢僭位，建都於此。後魏為平陽郡，兼置唐州，後改為晉州，後置總管府。東魏、北齊皆為重鎮。隋初改平陽為平河郡，尋廢；煬帝初，置臨汾郡。大唐為晉州，或為平陽郡。領縣九：
		Jin Zhou is currently administered from Linfen Xian. It was also the capital of Yao and Shun, known as Pingyang. During the Spring and Autumn period it belonged to Jin; during the Warring States period it belonged to Wei. It was part of Hedong Jun in the Qin dynasty, and remained so through both Han dynasties. The Wei dynasty established Pingyang Jun separately; the Jin dynasty followed this arrangement. Liu Yuanhai declared himself emperor of Han and built his capital here. During the Later Wei dynasty, it was Pingyang Jun; Tang Zhou was also established there. It was later changed to Jin Zhou and a Zongguan Fu (Governor's Office) was subsequently set up. Both the Later Wei and Northern Qi dynasties regarded it as an important stronghold. At the beginning of the Sui dynasty, Pingyang was changed to Pinghe Jun, but this was soon abolished; In the early years of Emperor Yangdi's reign, Linfen Jun was established. The Great Tang dynasty administered it as Jin Zhou or Pingyang Jun. It administers nine xian:
28 打開字典	州郡九:	臨汾漢平陽縣有姑射山，又有故堯城縣。
		Linfen in the Han dynasty was Pingyang Xian, which had Gushayi Shan and also an ancient Yao Cheng Xian.
29 打開字典	州郡九:	襄陵漢舊縣。有趙襄子墓。又有晉襄公之陵，因以為名。後魏擒赫連昌，又分此縣置擒昌縣。
		Xiangling an old Han dynasty xian. It has the tomb of Zhao Xiangzi. There is also the mausoleum of Duke Xiang of Jin, after whom it was named. During the Later Wei dynasty, Helian Chang was captured here; as a result, Qinchang Xian was established by dividing this xian.
30 打開字典	州郡九:	霍邑漢彘縣。隋置今縣。周厲王無道，周人流王於彘，即此地。有霍山，即職方冀州之鎮，一名太岳山，禹貢所謂岳陽。
		Huoyi was Zhi Xian in the Han dynasty. The Sui dynasty established the current xian. King Li of Zhou was tyrannical, and the people of Zhou exiled him to Zhi; this is that location. There is Huo Shan, the stronghold of Jizhang Ji Zhou, also known as Taiyue Shan. It is Yueyang mentioned in Yu Gong.
31 打開字典	州郡九:	冀氏漢陭縣地。後魏置冀氏縣。陭音居義反。
		Jishi was part of Yi Xian during the Han dynasty. The Later Wei dynasty established Jishi Xian. Yi is pronounced Ju yi fan.
32 打開字典	州郡九:	汾西後魏置汾西郡。
		Fenxi the Later Wei dynasty established Fenxi Jun.
33 打開字典	州郡九:	洪洞春秋楊國，晉滅之為楊邑。漢為楊縣也。故洪洞城在今縣北，東魏、北齊鎮也，四顧重複，控據要險。
		Hongtong was the State of Yang during the Spring and Autumn period; it was conquered by Jin and became Yang Yi. It was Yang Xian in the Han dynasty. The ancient Hongtong Cheng is located north of today's xian; it was a stronghold during the Later Wei and Northern Qi periods, with high ground on all sides controlling strategic and dangerous terrain.
34 打開字典	州郡九:	神山武德二年置浮山縣，後改焉。
		Shenshan Fu Shan Xian was established in the second year of Wude, later changed to its current name.
35 打開字典	州郡九:	趙城古造父邑。
		Zhaocheng ancient Zao Fu Yi.
36 打開字典	州郡九:	岳陽漢穀遠縣地，隋改之。有千畝原，左傳曰晉侯千畝之戰，即此。
		Yueyang was part of Guyuan Xian in the Han dynasty; it was renamed during the Sui dynasty. There is Qianmu Yuan, where Zuo Zhuan records that Duke of Jin fought the Battle of Qianmu; this was here.
37 打開字典	州郡九:	高平郡東至汲郡四百一十里。南至河內郡一百四十里。西至絳郡二百五十里。北至上黨郡一百九十里。東南到河內郡武德縣二百里。西南到河南府二百八十里。西北到平陽郡四百十里。東北到鄴郡三百二十里。去西京一千四十里，去東京六百六十里。戶二萬七千五十，口十四萬三千七百。
		Gaoping Jun is 410 li east to Ji Jun. South to Hedong Jun is one hundred and forty li. West to Jiang Jun is two hundred and fifty li. North to Shangdang Jun is 190 li. Southeast to Wude Xian of Hedong Jun is two hundred li. Southwest to Henan Fu is 280 li. Northwest to Pingyang Jun is four hundred and ten li. Northeast to Ye Jun is 320 li. It is one thousand and forty li from the western capital and six hundred and sixty li from the eastern capital. There are 27,050 households and 143,700 people.
38 打開字典	州郡九:	澤州今理晉城縣。春秋時屬晉，戰國屬韓，其後屬趙。至秦，破趙於長平，坑卒四十萬，即此地也。秦平天下，為上黨郡地。漢屬河東、上黨二郡地，後漢因之，魏晉亦同。後魏以其地置建州及高都、長平、安平三郡。北齊亦為建州及置平陽、高都二郡。後周併二郡為高平郡。隋初郡廢，置澤州；因濩澤水為名。煬帝初州廢，置長平郡。大唐為澤州，或為高平郡。領縣六：
		Ze Zhou is currently administered by Jincheng Xian. During the Spring and Autumn period, it belonged to Jin; in the Warring States period, it was part of Han, later belonging to Zhao. During the Qin dynasty, Zhao was defeated at Changping and 400,000 soldiers were buried alive; this is that location. After unifying the empire, the Qin made it part of Shangdang Jun territory. In the Han dynasty, it belonged to Hedong and Shangdang Juns; this arrangement continued in the Later Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties. The Later Wei dynasty established Jian Zhou as well as Gaodu, Changping, and Anping Juns in this area. The Northern Qi dynasty also made it Jian Zhou and established Pingyang and Gaodu Juns. During the Later Zhou dynasty, these two juns were merged into Gaoping Jun. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the jun was abolished and Ze Zhou was established; named after Huoze Shui. In the early years of Emperor Yang Di's reign, the Zhou was abolished and Changping Jun was established. The Great Tang dynasty administered it either as Ze Zhou or Gaoping Jun. It administers six xian:
39 打開字典	州郡九:	晉城漢曰高都縣，隋曰丹川。有天井關，在縣南太行山上，關前有天井泉三所。
		Jincheng was called Gaodu Xian in the Han dynasty and Danchuan during the Sui. There is Tianjing Guan, located on Taihang Shan to the south of the xian; there are three wells named Tianjing Quan in front of the pass.
40 打開字典	州郡九:	陵川漢泫氏縣地。隋開皇中置。泫，胡畎反。
		Lingchuan was part of Xuan Shi Xian during the Han dynasty. It was established during the middle years of Kaihuang in the Sui dynasty. Xuan, Huquan Fan.
41 打開字典	州郡九:	沁水後魏泰寧郡。
		Qinshui Later Wei Taining Jun.
42 打開字典	州郡九:	端氏七國時，韓魏趙分晉，封晉君於端氏也。漢為縣，故城在今縣西。
		Duanshi During the Seven Kingdoms period, after Han, Wei and Zhao divided Jin, the former ruler of Jin was enfeoffed in Duan Shi. It was a xian during the Han dynasty; its ancient walled city is located west of today's county seat.
43 打開字典	州郡九:	高平漢泫氏縣。西北有泫谷水，故為名。頭顱山，秦白起坑趙卒，築臺於壘中，因山為臺。故光狼城，白起築。
		Gaoping was Xuan Shi Xian in the Han dynasty. There is a stream called Xuangu Shui to its northwest, hence the name. Toulu Shan: During the Qin dynasty, Bai Qi buried Zhao soldiers in a pit and built a platform within the fortification; thus, they used the mountain as a platform. Therefore, it is called Guoguang Lang Cheng, which was constructed by Bai Qi.
44 打開字典	州郡九:	陽城漢曰濩澤縣也。有嶕嶢山、濩澤水、析城山，禹貢所謂「砥柱、析城」也。
		Yangcheng was known as Huoze Xian in the Han dynasty. There are Jiao Yao Shan, Huoze Shui, and Xicheng Shan; these are the "Dizhu, Xicheng" mentioned in Yu Gong.
45 打開字典	州郡九:	上黨郡東至鄴郡三百里。南至高平郡一百九十里。西至平陽郡三百九十里。北至樂平郡四百七十里。東南到鄴郡林慮縣界一百四十里。西南到陽城郡沁源縣界一百九十里。西北到太原府四百五十里。東北到廣平郡武安縣界二百四十里。去西京一千一百九十里，去東京四百六十里。戶六萬七千九百四十四，口三十七萬二千三百六十。
		Shangdang Jun is 300 li east to Ye Jun. It is 190 li south to Gaoping Jun. It is 390 li west to Pingyang Jun. It is 470 li north to Leping Jun. Southeast to the boundary of Linlv Xian, Ye Jun is 140 li. Southwest to the boundary of Qinyuan Xian, Yangcheng Jun is 190 li. Northwest to Taiyuan Fu is 450 li. Northeast to the boundary of Wu'an Xian, Guangping Jun is 240 li. It is 1,190 li from the western capital and 460 li from the eastern capital. There are 67,944 households and 372,360 people.
46 打開字典	州郡九:	潞州今理上黨縣。春秋時，初為黎國，後狄人奪其地。左傳曰，晉伯宗數狄罪，曰奪黎氏地也。赤狄潞子嬰兒為晉所滅，其地盡屬焉。戰國初，為韓之別都，以遠韓近趙，後卒降趙。秦置上黨郡，漢亦為上黨郡，魏及晉不改。後魏亦為上黨郡。後周置潞州。隋置韓州，煬帝初復置上黨郡。大唐為潞州，或為上黨郡。領縣十：
		Lux Zhou is now administered from Shangdang Xian. In the Spring and Autumn period, it was originally the state of Li, but later the Di people seized its territory. According to Zuo Zhuan, Jin Bozong listed the crimes of the Di people, saying they had seized Li Shi's land. Chi Di Luxi Yingying was destroyed by Jin, and its territory became entirely part of Jin. In the early Warring States period, it served as a secondary capital for Han; because it was distant from Han and close to Zhao, it eventually surrendered to Zhao. The Qin dynasty established Shangdang Jun; the Han also maintained Shangdang Jun, and Wei and Jin dynasties did not change it. Later Wei also administered it as Shangdang Jun. Later Zhou established Lux Zhou. Sui dynasty established Han Zhou, and Emperor Yangdi initially restored Shangdang Jun again. The Great Tang administered it as Lux Zhou or as Shangdang Jun at times. It administers ten xian:
47 打開字典	州郡九:	上黨古黎侯國，西伯戡黎，即此。漢為壺關縣。
		Shangdang was the ancient state of Li Hou; when King Wen of Zhou subdued Li, it was this place. It was Huguan Xian during the Han dynasty.
48 打開字典	州郡九:	長子漢舊縣。漳水所出。周史辛甲所封。左傳曰「晉人執衛石買於長子」，即此。
		Changzi was an old xian in the Han dynasty. It is the source of Zhang Shui. It was enfeoffed to Xin Jia from Zhou Shi. Zuo Zhuan says, "The Jin people captured Wei Shi Mai in Changzi," referring to this place.
49 打開字典	州郡九:	潞城春秋潞子國。漢舊縣。
		Lucheng was the state of Luxi during the Spring and Autumn period. It was an old xian in the Han Dynasty.
50 打開字典	州郡九:	壺關古黎國地。有羊腸阪，王莽命五威後關將軍王嘉曰「羊頭之阨，北當燕趙」。後魏移壺關縣於此。有壺山。
		Huguan was part of the ancient state of Li. There is Yangchang Ban; Wang Mang ordered Wuwei Houguan General Wang Jia, saying "The pass of Yangtou, to the north it faces Yan and Zhao." Later Wei moved Huguan Xian here. There is Hushan.
51 打開字典	州郡九:	銅鞮水名。漢縣。春秋晉國銅鞮邑，羊舌赤為邑大夫。有閼與故城，漢韓信擒代相夏說於此。
		Tongdi is the name of a river. It was an xian during the Han dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn period, Tongdi was a yi of Jin state; Yangshe Chi served as its yi daifu. There is Yuyu Gu Cheng; during the Han dynasty, Han Xin captured Dai Xiang Xia Yue here.
52 打開字典	州郡九:	武鄉漢垣縣地。
		Wuxiang was part of Yuan Xian in the Han dynasty.
53 打開字典	州郡九:	屯留漢舊縣。又有漢徐吾故城，在今縣西北。有鹿瀆山，絳水所出。
		Tunliu was an old xian during the Han dynasty. There is also Gu Cheng of Xuwu from the Han dynasty, located in today's northwest part of the county. There is Ludu Shan, the source of Jiang Shui.
54 打開字典	州郡九:	黎城漢潞縣地。隋改置之，因縣東故黎城為名。有壺口故關。
		Licheng was part of Luxian in the Han dynasty. It was re-established during the Sui dynasty, named after Gu Li Cheng to the east of the xian. There is Gu Guan of Hukou.
55 打開字典	州郡九:	涉漢舊縣。有清漳水。
		She was an old xian from the Han dynasty. There is Qingzhang Shui.
56 打開字典	州郡九:	襄垣漢舊縣。
		Xiangyuan was an old xian of the Han dynasty.
57 打開字典	州郡九:	樂平郡東至廣平郡三百六十里。南至上黨郡四百七十里。西至太原府三百四十里。北至太原府樂平縣二百六十里。東南到上黨郡九十里。西南到上黨郡一百里。西北到太原府三百四十里。東北到鉅鹿郡二百四十里。去西京一千三百九十里，去東京七百九十里。戶九千五百六十，口五萬二百九十六。
		Leping Jun is 360 li east to Guangping Jun. It is 470 li south to Shangdang Jun. It is 340 li west to Taiyuan Fu. It is 260 li north to Leping Xian, Taiyuan Fu. Southeast to Shangdang Jun is ninety li. Southwest to Shangdang Jun is one hundred li. Northwest to Taiyuan Fu, it is 340 li. Northeast to Julu Jun is two hundred and forty li. It is 1,390 li from the Western Capital and 790 li from the Eastern Capital. There are 9,560 households and 50,296 people.
58 打開字典	州郡九:	儀州今理遼山縣。春秋時屬晉。戰國初屬韓，後屬趙。秦為上黨郡，二漢因之。晉為樂平郡。後魏為遼陽郡。隋屬太原郡。大唐武德三年，分并州之地置遼州；八年，改為箕州。先天元年，改為儀州，或為樂平郡。領縣四：
		Yi Zhou is now administered by Liaoshan Xian. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to Jin. In the early Warring States Period, it was part of Han, later belonging to Zhao. During the Qin dynasty, it belonged to Shangdang Jun and this arrangement continued through both the Western and Eastern Han dynasties. During the Jin dynasty, it was Leping Jun. Later Wei administered it as Liaoyang Jun. During the Sui dynasty, it belonged to Taiyuan Jun. In the third year of Wude reign period of the Great Tang (620 AD), Liao Zhou was established by dividing part of Bing Zhou's territory; In the eighth year, it was renamed Ji Zhou. In the first year of Tianyuan reign period (712 AD), it was changed to Yi Zhou, or administered as Leping Jun at times. It administers four xian:
59 打開字典	州郡九:	遼山漢垣縣地。晉為遼陽縣。隋置今縣。北有鬼谷。
		Liaoshan was part of Yuan Xian during the Han dynasty. It was Liaoyang Xian during the Jin dynasty. The Sui dynasty established today's xian. To its north is Guigu Valley.
60 打開字典	州郡九:	榆社漢垣縣地。晉於此置武鄉縣。石勒是此縣人，有石勒漚麻池。
		Yushe was part of Yuan Xian territory during the Han dynasty. During the Jin dynasty, Wuxiang Xian was established here. Shi Le was a native of this xian; there is Shi Le Ouma Chi (a pool or pond associated with him).
61 打開字典	州郡九:	和順漢沾縣地，即韓之閼與邑。
		Heshun was part of Zhan Xian during the Han dynasty, which was also known as Yuyu Yi in the state of Han.
62 打開字典	州郡九:	平城漢垣縣地。
		Pingcheng was part of Yuan Xian's territory during the Han dynasty.
63 打開字典	州郡九:	陽城郡東至上黨郡銅鞮縣七十里。南至平陽郡冀氏縣一百五十里。西至平陽郡二百五十里。北至西河郡二百八十里。東南到上黨郡屯留縣一百四十里。西南到平陽郡二百五十里。西北到西河郡二百八十里。東北到上黨郡界九十里。去西京一千七十里，去東京六百四十里。戶六千一百六十六，口三萬三千三百九十。
		Yangcheng Jun is seventy li east to Tongdi Xian, Shangdang Jun. It is one hundred and fifty li south to Jishi Xian, Pingyang Jun. It is two hundred and fifty li west to Pingyang Jun. It is 280 li north to Xihé Jun. Southeast to Tunliu Xian, Shangdang jun is one hundred and forty li. Southwest to Pingyang Jun is two hundred and fifty li. Northwest to Xihé jun is 280 li. Northeast to the boundary of Shangdang Jun is ninety li. It is one thousand and seventy li from the western capital, and six hundred and forty li from the eastern capital. Households: 6,166; population: 33,390.
64 打開字典	州郡九:	沁州今理沁源縣。春秋時屬晉，後屬韓，又屬趙。秦、二漢為上黨郡地，魏晉亦同。後魏屬義寧郡。隋初置沁州，煬帝初州廢，復為沁源縣，屬上黨郡。大唐復置沁州，或為陽城郡。領縣三：
		Qin Zhou is now administered from Qinyuan Xian. During the Spring and Autumn period, it belonged to Jin; later it was part of Han, then Zhao. During the Qin dynasty and the two Han dynasties, it was territory under Shangdang Jun; during the Wei and Jin dynasties, this remained unchanged. In the Northern Wei dynasty, it belonged to Yining Jun. At the beginning of the Sui dynasty, Qin Zhou was established; during Emperor Yangdi's early reign, the state was abolished and it reverted to Qinyuan Xian, belonging to Shangdang Jun. In the great Tang dynasty, Qin Zhou was re-established; at times it was known as Yangcheng Jun. It administered three xians:
65 打開字典	州郡九:	沁源漢穀遠縣，後魏改為沁源。有沁水。
		Qinyuan was originally Guyuan Xian during the Han dynasty; it was renamed Qinyuan by the Northern Wei. There is Qin Shui (a river or stream).
66 打開字典	州郡九:	和川
		Huchuan
67 打開字典	州郡九:	綿上
		Mianshang
68 打開字典	州郡九:	大寧郡東至平陽郡二百五十里。南至文城郡二百里。西至延安郡三百九十里。北至昌化郡二百五十里。東南到平陽郡二百五十里。西南到文城郡二百里。西北到黃河為界一百八十里。東北到西河郡二百六十里。去西京九百十里，去東京八百八十里。戶一萬九千二百十，口十三萬四千四百二十。
		Daning Jun is two hundred and fifty li east to Pingyang Jun. It is 200 li south to Wencheng Jun. West to Yanchuan Jun is three hundred and ninety li. North to Changhua Jun is two hundred and fifty li. Southeast to Pingyang jun is 250 li. Southwest to Wencheng jun is two hundred li. Northwest, the Yellow River forms a boundary 180 li away. Northeast to Xihé jun is two hundred and sixty li. It is nine hundred and ten li from the western capital and eight hundred and eighty li from the eastern capital. Households: 19,210; population: 134,420.
69 打開字典	州郡九:	隰州今理隰川縣。春秋時晉之蒲城也。七國時屬魏。秦、二漢為河東郡地。魏晉屬平陽郡。後魏、北齊為沁州。後周置沁州及龍泉郡。隋初郡廢，後復置西汾州，尋又改為隰州；煬帝初州廢，置龍泉郡。大唐為隰州，或為大寧郡。領縣六：
		Xi Zhou is now administered by Xichuan Xian. During the Spring and Autumn period, this was Pu Cheng of Jin. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Wei. During the Qin and two Han dynasties, this was territory of Hedong Jun. During the Wei and Jin dynasties it belonged to Pingyang Jun. During the Northern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties, this area was Qin Zhou. The Later Zhou dynasty established Qin Zhou as well as Longquan Jun. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the jun was abolished; later, Xifeng Zhou was re-established, and soon afterwards it was changed to Xi Zhou; During Emperor Yangdi's early reign the zhou was abolished and Longquan Jun was established. In the great Tang dynasty it became Xi Zhou, or Daning Jun. It administered six xians:
70 打開字典	州郡九:	隰川漢蒲子縣。春秋時蒲城，晉重耳所居。
		Xichuan was Puzi Xian during the Han dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn period it was Pu Cheng, where Jin Chonger resided.
71 打開字典	州郡九:	大寧漢北屈縣地。
		Daning was part of Beiqu Xian during the Han dynasty.
72 打開字典	州郡九:	石樓有石樓山。漢土軍縣，後魏吐京郡。
		Shilou has Shilou Shan (a mountain). It was Tujun Xian during the Han, and later became Tuqing Jun in the Northern Wei dynasty.
73 打開字典	州郡九:	永和漢狐讘縣。後周臨河郡。讘，章涉反。
		łoż Yonghe was Hushan Xian during the Han. It was Linhe Jun in the Later Zhou dynasty. Shan, zhangshe fan.
74 打開字典	州郡九:	溫泉
		Wenquan
75 打開字典	州郡九:	蒲漢蒲子縣地。
		Pu was part of Puzi Xian during the han dynasty.
76 打開字典	州郡九:	文城郡東至平陽郡二百十里。南至絳郡二百七十里。西至咸寧郡一百七十里。北至大寧郡二百里。東南到絳郡三百里。西南到馮翊郡韓城縣界百七十里。西北到延安郡二百九十里。東北到西河郡五百里。去西京七百二十里，去東京六百九十里。戶一萬一千五百六十，口六萬六千三十。
		Wencheng Jun is 210 li east to Pingyang jun. It is two hundred and seventy li south to Jiang Jun. West to Xianning jun is one hundred and seventy li. North to Daning Jun is two hundred li. Southeast to Jiang jun is three hundred li. Southwest, it reaches the boundary of Hancheng Xian, Fengyi Jun, in one hundred and seventy li. Northwest to Yanchuan jun is two hundred and ninety li. Northeast to Xihé Jun is five hundred li. It is seven hundred and twenty {{li from the western capital, six hundred and ninety li from the eastern capital. Households: 11,560; population: 66,030.
77 打開字典	州郡九:	慈州今理吉昌縣。春秋時晉之屈邑。獻公子夷吾所居。禹貢壺口之山在焉。戰國時為魏地。秦、二漢屬河東郡。魏晉屬平陽郡。東魏置定陽郡及南汾州。北齊改南汾州為西汾州。後周改為汾州。隋初郡廢，置耿州，居耿吉城。後復為汾州；煬帝初州廢，置文城郡。大唐為慈州，或為文城郡。領縣五：
		Cizhou is now administered from Jichang Xian. During the Spring and Autumn period this was Qu Yi of Jin. The residence of Ji Gongzi Yiwu, a son of Duke Xian. Mount Hukou from the Yu Gong is located here. During the Warring States period it was territory of Wei. During the Qin and two Han Dynasties, it belonged to Hedong Jun. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was part of Pingyang Jun. The Eastern Wei dynasty established Dingyang Jun as well as Nanfen Zhou. During the Northern Qi dynasty, Nanfen Zhou was renamed Xifeng Zhou. The Later Zhou dynasty changed it to Fen Zhou. At the beginning of the Sui, the jun was abolished and Geng Zhou was established, located at Gengji Cheng. Later it reverted to Fen Zhou; During Emperor Yangdi's early rule, the zhou was abolished and Wencheng Jun was established. In the great Tang dynasty it was Ci Zhou, or Wencheng Jun. It administered five xians:
78 打開字典	州郡九:	吉昌漢北屈縣。左傳曰，晉有「屈產之乘」。此有駿馬。有壺口山。故姚襄城在縣西，即姚襄所築，西臨黃河，控帶龍門、孟門之險，周、齊交爭之處。
		Jichang was Beiqu Xian during the han. The Zuo Zhuan says, "Jin had 'Qu Chan zhi cheng' (horses bred in Qu)." Fine horses are found here. There is Hukou Shan (mountain). The old Yaofang Cheng is located west of the xian; it was built by Yao Xiang. To its west lies the Yellow River, controlling the perilous terrain of Longmen and Mengmen. It was a contested location between the Zhou and Qi states.
79 打開字典	州郡九:	仵城漢北屈縣地。後魏仵城郡。
		Wu Cheng was part of Beiqu xian during the Han dynasty. Later Wei dynasty Wu Cheng Jun.
80 打開字典	州郡九:	文城有孟門山，與龍門相對。龍門之上古龍門，禹所鑿。漢北屈縣地。
		Wencheng has Mengmen Shan, which faces Longmen Shan across the river. The ancient Longmen above is where Yu the Great chiseled through the mountain. It was part of Beiqu Xian territory during the Han dynasty.
81 打開字典	州郡九:	呂香漢臨汾縣地。
		Lüxiang was part of Linfen xian's territory during the han dynasty.
82 打開字典	州郡九:	昌寧漢臨汾縣地。後魏內陽郡。
		Changning was part of Linfeng Xian during the Han Dynasty. Northern Wei dynasty Neiyang Jun.
83 打開字典	州郡九:	西河郡東至上黨郡四百四十里。南至平陽郡三百九十里。西至昌化郡一百六十里。北至太原府二百里。東南到陽城郡二百八十里。西南到大寧郡二百六十五里。西北到樓煩郡，中間有界相隔，山谷險隘。東北到太原府二百里。去西京一千二百六里，去東京九百三十里。戶五萬八千五十，口三十二萬六千二百八十。
		Xihé jun is four hundred and forty li east to Shangdang jun. It is three hundred and ninety li south to Pingyang Jun. 𝑙 It is one hundred and sixty li west to Changhua jun. North to Taiyuan Fu is two hundred li. Southeast to Yangcheng jun is two hundred and eighty li. Southwest to Daning Jun is two hundred and sixty-five li. Northwest to Loufan jun, there are borders in between with dangerous gorges and narrow mountain passes. Northeast to Taiyuan fu is two hundred li. It is one thousand two hundred and six li from the western capital, and nine hundred thirty li from the eastern capital. Households: 58,005; population: 326,280.
84 打開字典	州郡九:	汾州今理隰城縣。春秋時晉地。六國時屬趙，秦屬太原郡。二漢屬太原、西河二郡地，魏因之。晉屬太原郡、西河國地。後魏又為西河郡，兼置汾州。北齊置南朔州。後周改曰介州。隋置西河郡。大唐為汾州，或為西河郡。領縣五：
		Fen Zhou now administers Xicheng xian. It was Jin territory during the Spring and Autumn period. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Zhao; in the Qin dynasty, it belonged to Taiyuan jun. In the Former and Later Han dynasties, it was part of the territories of Taiyuan Jun and Xihé Jun; Wei dynasty followed this arrangement. During the Jin dynasty, it belonged to the territory of Taiyuan jun and Xihe guo. In the Northern Wei dynasty, it was again Xihé Jun, and Fen Zhou was also established there. Northern Qi dynasty established Nanshuo zhou. Later Zhou changed its name to Jie Zhou. Sui dynasty established Xihé jun. In the great Tang dynasty, it was Fen Zhou, or sometimes called Xihé Jun. It administers five xian:
85 打開字典	州郡九:	隰城漢茲氏縣。今有美稷鄉，即漢美稷縣地。又有漢京陵縣，即晉趙文子與叔向觀於九原之所。
		Xicheng was Zishi Xian during the Han dynasty. There is now Meiji xiang, which was the territory of Han dynasty Mei ji xian. Also there was Han dynasty Jingling Xian, where Jin Zhao Wenzhenzi and Shuxiang observed at Jiuyuan.
86 打開字典	州郡九:	介休有綿上山、介之推祠。漢舊縣也。昭餘祁，俗名鄔城泊，職方并州之藪。
		Jie Xiu has Mianshang Shan mountain and Jie Zhiti's shrine. It was an old xian during the Han dynasty. 𝑙 Zhao Yuqi, commonly known as Wucheng Bo, is a marsh of Bing Zhou according to Zhifang.
87 打開字典	州郡九:	靈石有介山。漢介休縣地。今縣東南有高壁嶺、雀鼠谷、汾水關，皆險固之處。
		Lingshi has Jie Shan mountain. It was part of Han dynasty Jie Xiu xian territory. To the southeast of present-day xian are Gaobi Ling, Queshu Gu, and Fenshui Guan; all are dangerous and fortified places.
88 打開字典	州郡九:	孝義漢中陽縣。
		Xiaoyi was Zhongyang Xian during the Han dynasty.
89 打開字典	州郡九:	平遙
		Pingyao
90 打開字典	州郡九:	太原府東至趙郡五百五十里。南至上黨郡四百五十里。西至昌化郡三百九十里。北至定襄郡一百八十里。東南到樂平郡三百四十里。西南到西河郡二百里。西北到樓煩郡二百五十里。東北到雁門郡五百里。去西京一千三百里，去東京八百八十五里。戶十二萬六千一百九，口七十六萬八千四百六十四。
		Taiyuan Fu is five hundred and fifty li east to Zhao Jun. South to Shangdang Jun is four hundred and fifty li. West to Changhua Jun is three hundred and ninety li. North to Dingxiang Jun is one hundred and eighty li. Southeast to Leping jun is three hundred forty li. Southwest to Xihé Jun is two hundred li. Northwest to Loufan Jun is two hundred fifty li. Northeast to Yanmen jun is five hundred li. It is one thousand three hundred li from the western capital and eight hundred eighty-five li from the eastern capital. Households: 126,019; population: 768,464.
91 打開字典	州郡九:	并州今理晉陽、太原二縣。古之并州，蓋舜分冀州為之，置十二牧，則其一也。以其地在兩谷之間，故為并州，亦曰在衛水、常水之間。常水在今博陵郡，衛水在今常山郡。注已具上卷。周禮職方曰：「正北曰并州，其山曰常，藪曰昭餘祁，常山在今博陵郡常陽縣界。昭餘祁在今西河郡介休縣界。川曰虖池、嘔夷，虖池發源在今雁門郡繁畤縣界。嘔夷在今安邊郡靈丘縣界。虖音呼。池音駝。惊曰淶、易。淶水在今安邊郡飛狐縣界。易水發源在今上谷郡易縣界。其利布帛。人二男三女。畜宜五擾，牛、馬、羊、犬、豕。穀宜五種。」秦兼天下，為太原郡。漢武帝置十三州，此為并州。領郡九，兼得雍州之域，今上郡以北朔方、九原、榆林、新秦、銀川之地。後漢並因之。理於晉陽，今府。靈帝時，羌胡大擾，定襄、雲中等郡，並流徙分散。獻帝時，省入冀州。魏文帝復置并州，自陘嶺以北並棄之。今雁門郡及以北之地悉棄之。至晉，亦置并州。領郡國六，理晉陽。惠帝時，并州之地盡為劉元海所有。其後劉曜徙都長安，自平陽今平陽郡以東地，盡入石勒，及苻堅、姚興、赫連勃勃，並於河東郡置并州，姚興又分河東為并冀二州。及後魏以後，分坼不可詳也。今之并州，為太原府。古唐國也。昔帝堯為唐侯所封之國，按今博陵郡界有堯城，為堯始封之國，當是徙於此也。後遷平陽。及夏禹所都之地，禹都或為今太原，或在今平陽，或在今河東郡安邑，或在今河南府陽翟也。亦高辛氏子實沈及金天氏子臺駘之所居焉。左傳云：「帝遷高辛氏子實沈於大夏，主參。金天氏之裔曰允格、臺駘，以處太原。」注云：「大夏，太原晉陽縣也。」周成王又封弟太叔虞於此，成王滅唐，而封太叔，故參為晉星是也。叔虞子燮改為晉侯。唐有晉水，故改為晉。中國曰太原，夷狄曰大鹵。晉荀吳敗狄於大鹵，即太原晉陽縣也。晉、大鹵、太原、大夏、夏靈、晉陽六名，其實一也。春秋時為晉國，後為趙邑。智伯與韓、魏圍晉陽歲餘，引汾水灌城，不沒者三板。晉滅，屬趙。秦置太原郡，二漢因之，兼置并州。領郡九，理於此。曹公圍袁尚於鄴，時袁紹外生高幹為并州刺史。牽招說幹曰：「并州左有恒山之險，右有大河之固，北有強胡，速迎尚并力觀變。」幹不能用之。魏改為太原國，并州仍舊。晉因之。領郡國六，理於此。後魏為太原郡，兼置并州。北齊、後周皆因之。隋初廢郡，置并州，又改為太原郡。大唐為并州，高祖匡隋室，起義兵。於長壽元年，置北都，後復為并州。開元十一年，改為太原府；天寶元年，加號為北京。領縣十三：
		Bing Zhou now administers Jinyang and Taiyuan xian. Ancient Bing Zhou, it is said that Shun divided Ji Zhou into twelve regions and this was one of them. Because the land lies between two valleys, it is called Bing Zhou; it is also said to lie between Weishui and Changshui rivers. Chang Shui is in present-day Boling jun, and Wei Shui is in present-day Changshan jun. The details are already included in the previous volume. Zhou Li Zhifang says: "The northern region is Bing Zhou. Its mountain is Chang Shan, its marsh is Zhao Yuqi," Changshan is in the boundary of present-day Boling Jun Changyang xian. Zhao Yuqi is in the territory of present-day Xihé jun Jie Xiu Xian. Its river is Huchi and Ouyi, Huchi originates in the territory of present-day Yanmen jun Fanzhi xian. Ouyi is in the territory of present day Anbian Jun Lingqiu Xian. The pronunciation of "Hu" is "hu." Chi's pronunciation is tuo. Its marshes are Lai and Yi. Lai Shui is in the territory of present-day Anbian jun Feihu xian. Yi Shui originates in the territory of present day Shanggu jun Yi Xian. Its products include silk and cloth. The population consists of two men for every three women. Livestock suitable for domestication include five types, niu (cows), ma (horses), yang (sheep), quan (dogs), and shi (pigs). Grains suitable for cultivation are of five types." When Qin unified the world, it became Taiyuan jun. Emperor Wu of Han established thirteen zhou; this was Bing Zhou. Administers nine jun, and also includes territory from Yong Zhou; this corresponds to the area north of present-day Shang Jun, including Suofang, Jiuyuan, Yulin, Xin Qin, and Yinchuan. Later Han dynasty followed the same arrangement. Administered from Jinyang, now Fu. During the reign of Emperor Ling, Qiang and Hu tribes caused great disturbances; Dingxiang, Yunzhong, and other jun were all affected with displaced populations and scattered settlements. During the reign of Emperor Xian, it was merged into Ji Zhou. Wei Wen Di re-established Bing Zhou, but all territory north of Xingling Ling was abandoned. All land north of present-day Yanmen Jun was completely abandoned. By the Jin dynasty, Bing Zhou was also established. Administers six jun and guo, with its seat in Jinyang. During the reign of Emperor Hui, all territory of Bing Zhou came under control of Liu Yuanhai. Afterward, Liu Yao moved the capital to Chang'an; all land east of Pingyang now Pingyang jun came under Shi Le's control. Later, during the reigns of Fu Jian, Yao Xing, and Helian Bobo, Bing Zhou was established in Hedong Jun, and Yao Xing further divided Hedong into Bing Zhou and Ji Zhou. After the Northern Wei dynasty, its divisions became too fragmented to detail. The present-day Bing Zhou is Taiyuan Fu. It was the ancient state of Tang. In the past, it was the fief of Emperor Yao when he was Duke Tang. According to records, there is a Yao Cheng in present-day Boling Jun territory; this was where Yao was first granted his fief, and it seems that he later moved here. Later, the capital was moved to Pingyang. It was also the territory of Yu the Great's capital. Yu's capital may have been in present-day Taiyuan, or Pingyang, or Anyi in Hedong jun, or Yangzhi in Henan Fu. It was also the residence of Shixianzi Shise and Jintianshi Zitaidai. Zuo Zhuan says: "The emperor relocated Gaoxin Shi's son Shise to Daxia, where he was in charge of Shen. Jintian Shi's descendant named Yunge and Taidai resided in Taiyuan." The annotation says: "Daxia is Jinyang xian, Taiyuan Fu." King Cheng of Zhou also granted this land to his younger brother Taishu Yu. After King Cheng destroyed the state of Tang, he enfeoffed Taishu; hence, Shen became the constellation for Jin. Shuyu's son Xie changed his title to Duke of Jin. Tang had the Jin Shui river, so it was renamed Jin. The Chinese called it Taiyuan; the Yi Di called it Dalu. Jin Xun Wu defeated the Di at Dalu, which is present-day Jinyang xian in Taiyuan. Jin, Dalu, Taiyuan, Daxia, Xialing, and Jinyang are six names for the same place. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was Jin Guo; later, it became a yi of Zhao. Zhi Bo and the states of Han and Wei besieged Jinyang for more than a year, diverting Fen Shui to flood the city; only three ban (units) above water remained. After Jin fell, it belonged to Zhao. Qin dynasty established Taiyuan jun; the Former and Later Han followed this arrangement and also established Bing Zhou. Administered nine jun, with its seat here. Cao Gong besieged Yuan Shang at Ye; at that time, Yuan Shao's daughter-in-law's son Gao Gan was the cishi of Bing Zhou. Qian Zhao advised Gan, "Bing Zhou has the perilous Heng Shan to its left and the solid Da He River to its right. To the north are powerful Hu tribes; you should quickly welcome Shang and unite your forces to observe developments." Gan was unable to follow his advice. Wei changed it to Taiyuan Guo, and Bing Zhou remained the same. Jin followed this arrangement. Administered six jun and guo, with its seat here. Later Wei made it Taiyuan Jun and also established Bing Zhou. Northern Qi and Later Zhou both followed this arrangement. In the early Sui dynasty, jun was abolished; Bing Zhou was established, later changed back to Taiyuan Jun. Da Tang made it Bing Zhou. Gaozu supported the Sui dynasty and raised an army for rebellion. In Changshou Yuan Nian, Bei Du was established; later it reverted to Bing Zhou. In Kaiyuan 11th year, it was changed to Taiyuan Fu; In Tianbao first year, the title of Bei Jing was added. It administered thirteen xian:
92 打開字典	州郡九:	太原漢晉陽縣也。隋文帝移晉陽縣於州城中，舊晉陽置今縣。有晉水。
		Taiyuan was Jinyang Xian in the Han and Jin periods. Sui Wendi moved Jinyang xian into the state capital; the old Jinyang was established as the present xian. There is Jin Shui.
93 打開字典	州郡九:	晉陽隋文帝新移。有龍山、蒙山。
		Jinyang was newly moved by Sui Wendi. There are Long Shan and Meng Shan.
94 打開字典	州郡九:	文水漢大陵縣。有文水、沁水。
		Wenshui was Daling Xian in the Han dynasty. There are Wen Shui and Qin Shui.
95 打開字典	州郡九:	陽曲漢狼孟縣故城，在縣東北。河千里，一曲當其陽，故曰陽曲。漢陽曲縣，今定襄郡定襄縣是也，後漢移置今縣。有乾燭谷，即羊腸阪也。
		Yangqu was the old city of Langmeng Xian in the Han dynasty, located to the northeast of the present xian. He Qianli said: "One qū is on its yang side; therefore it was called Yangqu." Han dynasty Yangqu Xian, which is now Dingxiang jun's Dingxiang xian, was later moved to its current location during the Later Han. There is Qianzhu Gu, which is also known as Yangchang Ban.
96 打開字典	州郡九:	樂平舊樂平郡，隋置遼州。
		Leping was formerly Leping Jun; Sui established Liaozhou here.
97 打開字典	州郡九:	清源漢榆次縣地。隋於古梗陽城置今縣。有清源水。
		Qingyuan was part of Yuci Xian in the Han dynasty. Sui established the present xian at the ancient Gingyang Cheng. There is Qingyuan Shui.
98 打開字典	州郡九:	太谷縣西有太谷。漢陽邑縣地。
		Taigu has Taigu to the west of the xian. It was part of Yangyi Xian in the Han dynasty.
99 打開字典	州郡九:	祁漢舊縣。晉大夫祁奚之邑，晉滅祁氏，分為七縣，以賈辛為祁大夫。後漢忠烈溫序墓在西北。
		Qi was an old xian from the Han dynasty. It was the yi of Jin Da Fu Qi Xi. After Jin fell, the Qi clan was divided into seven xian; Jia Xin became the Da Fu of Qi. The tomb of Wen Xu, a loyal and brave official of Later Han, is located to its northwest.
100 打開字典	州郡九:	榆次春秋晉魏榆地，石言於此。漢舊縣。
		Yuci was Wei Yu territory in the Jin state during the Spring and Autumn period; Shi Yan spoke here. It was an old xian from Han dynasty.
101 打開字典	州郡九:	盂漢舊縣。有虖池水，自雁門郡界來。
		Yu was an old xian in the Han dynasty. There is Hu Chi Shui, which flows from within Yanmen Jun's borders.
102 打開字典	州郡九:	壽陽晉舊縣。
		Shouyang was an old xian of Jin.
103 打開字典	州郡九:	廣陽漢上艾縣，後魏改曰石艾，國家又改之。縣東有故關，甚險固。
		Guangyang was Shangai Xian in the Han dynasty; Later Wei changed it to Shi'ai, and the state later changed it again. To the east of the xian is an old pass that is very perilous and strong.
104 打開字典	州郡九:	交城有羊腸山，隋煬帝改為深谷嶺。
		Jiaocheng has Yangchang Shan; Sui Yangdi renamed it Shengu Ling.
105 打開字典	州郡九:	昌化郡東至西河郡一百六十里。南至大寧郡二百五十里。西至上郡二百三十里。北至樓煩郡二百三十里。東南到大寧郡二百五十里。西南到大寧郡石樓縣一百五十里。西北到樓煩郡二百三十里。東北到太原府三百九十里。去西京一千二百三十里，去東京一千一百十里。戶一萬三千三百七十，口六萬四千三百四十。
		Changhua Jun is 160 li east to Xihed Qu. South to Daning Jun is 250 li. West to Shang Jun is 230 li. North to Loufan Jun is 230 li. Southeast to Daning Jun is 25 li. Southwest to Shilou Xian of Daning Jun is 150 li. Northwest to Loufan Jun is 2230 li. Northeast to Taiyuan Fu is 390 li. It is 1,230 li from the Western Capital and 1,110 li from the Eastern Capital. Households: 13,370; population: 64,340.
106 打開字典	州郡九:	石州今理離石縣。戰國初，趙之離石邑，後為秦、魏二國之境。秦本紀云「秦昭王伐趙，取離石」是也。秦為太原郡地。二漢屬西河郡南單于庭，即左國城。晉屬西河國，劉元海起事於此，後石勒置永石郡。北齊置懷政郡，後改為離石郡，兼置西汾州。後周改西汾為石州。隋初郡廢，而石州如故；煬帝初州廢，置石郡。大唐為石州，或為昌化郡。領縣五：
		Shizhou is now administered from Lishi Xian. In the early Warring States period, it was Li Shi Yi of Zhao; later became a border area between Qin and Wei states. The Records of the Grand Historian: Annals of Qin state records "Qin Zhao Wang attacked Zhao and captured Li Shi," which is this place. It was part of Taiyuan Jun during the Qin dynasty. During Former and Later Han, it belonged to Nan Duyu Ting of Xihed Qu, which was Zuo Guo Cheng. Jin belonged to Xihed Guo; Liu Yuanhai started his rebellion here, and later Shi Le established Yongshi Jun. Northern Qi established Huizheng Jun; it was later changed to Lishi Jun, and Xifenzhou was also established. Later Zhou changed Xifenzhou to Shizhou. In the early Sui, jun were abolished; however, Shizhou remained unchanged; Sui Yangdi initially abolished the zhou and established Shi Jun. Da Tang made it Shizhou, or sometimes Changhua Jun. It administered five xian:
107 打開字典	州郡九:	離石漢舊縣。後南單于庭左國城在此。有離石水，一名赤洪水，高歡大破爾朱兆於赤洪嶺，蓋近此。
		Lishi was an old Han dynasty xian. Later, the Nan Duyu Ting Zuo Guo Cheng was located here. There is Lishi Shui, also known as Chihong Shui; Gao Huan greatly defeated Erzhu Zhao at Chihong Ling, which was likely near here.
108 打開字典	州郡九:	定胡漢離石縣地。後周置定胡郡，在今縣西。隋置孟門關，其地險固。
		Dinghu was part of Lishi Xian in the Han dynasty. Later Zhou established Dinghu Jun, located to the west of present xian. Sui established Mengmen Guan; its location is perilous and strong.
109 打開字典	州郡九:	平夷
		Pingyi
110 打開字典	州郡九:	臨泉
		Linquan
111 打開字典	州郡九:	方山有赤洪水源，東流入離石縣界。
		Fangshan has the source of Chihong Shui, which flows east into Lishi Xian's territory.
112 打開字典	州郡九:	樓煩郡東至定襄郡界二百四十里。南至昌化郡界二百三十里。西至榆林郡界一百八十里。北至馬邑郡三百里。東南到太原府二百五十里。西南到銀川郡三百里。西北到榆林郡九十里。東北到雁門郡三百里。去西京一千四百里，去東京一千二百二十里。戶一萬五千六百八十，口七萬二千二百六。
		Loufan Jun is 240 li east to the boundary of Dingxiang Jun. South to the border of Changhua Jun is 230 li. West to the boundary of Yulin Jun is 180 li. North to Mayi Jun is 300 li. Southeast to Taiyuan Fu is two hundred and fifty li. Southwest to Yinchuan Jun is 3000 li. Northwest to Yulin Jun is ninety li. Northeast to Yanmen Jun is three hundred li. It is 1,400 li from the Western Capital, and 1,220 li from the Eastern Capital. Households: 15,680; population: 72,206.
113 打開字典	州郡九:	嵐州今理宜芳縣。春秋晉國之分，晉滅之後為胡地，有樓煩王居焉。其後，趙惠文王破樓煩而取其地。其後，北境屬燕。秦、二漢為太原郡地。晉末，陷劉元海。後魏末，於其地置嵐州。隋煬帝置樓煩郡。大唐為嵐州，或為樓煩郡。領縣四：
		Lanzhou is now administered by Yifang Xian. It was part of the Jin state during the Spring and Autonomous period. After Jin fell, it became Hu territory, where a Loufan king resided. Later, Zhao Huwen Wang defeated Loufan and took its land. After that, the northern border belonged to Yan. During Qin and Former/Later Han dynasties, it was part of Taiyuan jun territory. At the end of Jin dynasty, it fell to Liu Yuanhai. At the end of Northern Wei dynasty, Lan Zhou was established in this area. Sui Yangdi established Loufan Jun. In the Great Tang dynasty, it was Lan Zhou, or sometimes Loufan Jun. It administered four xian:
114 打開字典	州郡九:	宜芳有古秀容城，即漢汾陽縣，屬太原郡。積粟所在，謂之羊腸倉，石磴縈委，若羊腸焉。
		Yifang has the ancient Xiurong Cheng, which was Han Fenyang Xian and belonged to Taiyuan Jun. The location for storing grain is called Yangchang Cang, where stone steps wind around like a sheep's intestine.
115 打開字典	州郡九:	合河漢汾陽縣地。北齊置蔚汾縣，合河關在北。
		Hehe was part of Han Fenyang Xian territory. Northern Qi established Weifen Xian, and the Hehe Guan is located to its north.
116 打開字典	州郡九:	靜樂漢汾陽縣地。有隋煬帝汾陽宮。有管涔山，劉曜隱處，汾水所出。
		Jingle was part of Han Fenyangle Xian territory. It had the Sui Yangdi Fenyang Gong. There is Guancen Shan, where Liu Yao once hid, and from which Fen Shui originates.
117 打開字典	州郡九:	嵐谷
		Lan Gu
118 打開字典	州郡九:	雁門郡東至安邊郡二百六十里。南至太原府五百里。西至樓煩郡一百六十里。北至馬邑郡一百四十里。東南到常山郡五百四十里。西南到定襄郡二百五十里。西北到馬邑郡二百二十里。東北到安邊郡界三百十里。去西京一千六百四十里，去東京一千三百二十里。戶二萬一千二十，口十萬一千四百五十。
		Yanmen Jun is 260 li east to Anbian Jun. South to Taiyuan Fu is five hundred li. West to Loufan Jun is one hundred and sixty li. North to Mayi Jun is 140 li. Southeast to Changshan Jun is five hundred and forty li. Southwest to Dingxiang Jun is two hundred and fifty li. Northwest to Mayi Jun is two hundred and twenty li. Northeast to the border of Anbian Jun is three hundred and thirty li. It is 1,640 li from the Western Capital and 1,320 li from the Eastern Capital. Households: twenty-one thousand and twenty; population: one hundred ten thousand one hundred forty-five.
119 打開字典	州郡九:	代州今理雁門縣。古唐國之地。春秋時晉國之分。及三卿分晉，其地屬趙。趙襄子殺代王而取其地。趙武靈王破樓煩，而置雲中、雁門、代郡。後北境屬燕。秦為太原、雁門二郡之境，漢因之，後漢及晉亦同。後魏置梁城、繁畤二郡。後周置肆州。隋文帝改為代州；煬帝初州廢，置雁門郡。大唐為代州，或為雁門郡。今郡城，後魏所置。郡南三十里有東陘關，甚險固。領縣五：
		Dai Zhou is now administered by Yanmen Xian. It was part of the ancient Tang state territory. During the Spring and Autumn period, it belonged to Jin State. When the Three Ministers divided Jin, this area became part of Zhao. Zhao Xiangzi killed Dai Wang and took his territory. Zhao Wulingwang defeated Loufan, and established Yunzhong Jun, Yanmen Jun, and Dai Jun. Later, the northern border belonged to Yan. During Qin dynasty it was within Taiyuan Jun and Yanmen Jun territories; Han followed this, as did Later Han and Jin dynasties. Northern Wei established Liangcheng Jun and Fanshi Jun. Later Zhou established Si Zhou. Sui Wendi changed it to Dai Zhou; Yangdi initially abolished the state and established Yanmen Jun. In Great Tang it was Dai Zhou, or sometimes Yanmen Jun. The current jun city was established by Northern Wei. Thirty li south of the jun is Dongxing Guan, which is very dangerous and solid. It administered five xian:
120 打開字典	州郡九:	雁門漢廣武縣故城在西南。又有故平縣，後漢末平城縣也。有夏屋山，趙襄子會代王，因殺之於此。有句注山，一名西陘山也。
		Yanmen the former Han Guangwu Xian city is located in the southwest. There was also Gu Ping Xian, which was Houhan's Pcheng Xian at its end. There is Xiawu Shan; Zhao Xiangzi met Dai Wang here and killed him. There is Gouzhu Shan, also known as Xixing Shan.
121 打開字典	州郡九:	五臺漢慮虒縣。隋改盧夷縣為五臺。有五臺山。慮音廬，虒音夷。
		Wutai was Han Lüsi Xian. Sui changed Lu Yi Xian to Wutai. There is Wutai Shan. Lü yin Lu, Si yin Yi.
122 打開字典	州郡九:	繁畤漢舊縣。有虖池河，源出縣東南泒阜山。
		Fanshi was an old Han xian. There is Huchi He, whose source is in Hu Fu Shan to the southeast of the xian.
123 打開字典	州郡九:	崞漢舊縣。又有漢樓煩郡故城，在今縣東。東魏置廓州。崞音郭。
		Guo was an old Han Xian. There was also the former Han Loufan Jun city, located to the east of today's xian. Eastern Wei established Kuo Zhou. Guo yin Guo.
124 打開字典	州郡九:	唐林
		Tanglin
125 打開字典	州郡九:	定襄郡東至雁門郡界九十里。南至太原府一百八十里。西至樓煩郡二百四十里。北至雁門郡二百五十里。東南到太原府界一百二十里。西南到太原府及樓煩郡界一百二十里。西北到樓煩郡一百二十里。東北到雁門郡界二百五十里。去西京一千四百八十里，去東京一千六十里。戶一萬五千三十八，口七萬七千九百三十。
		Dingxiang Jun is ninety li east to the border of Yanmen Jun. South to Taiyuan Fu is one hundred and eighty li. West to Loufan Jun is two hundred and forty li. North to Yanmen Jun is two hundred and fifty li. Southeast to the Taiyuan Fu border is one hundred and twenty li. Southwest to Taiyuan Fu and Loufan Jun borders is one hundred and twenty li. Northwest to Loufan Jun is 120 li. Northeast to the Yanmen Jun border is two hundred and fifty li. It is 1,480 li from the Western Capital and one thousand and sixty li from the Eastern Capital. Households: 15,038; population: 77,930.
126 打開字典	州郡九:	忻州今理秀容縣。戰國屬趙。秦為太原郡地，二漢因之。後魏置肆州。後周徙肆州於雁門郡。隋初置新興郡及雲州，後改新興郡為忻州；因忻口為名。煬帝初，廢雲州及忻州，以其地屬樓煩、定襄二郡。大唐復分置忻州，或為定襄郡。漢有定襄郡，在今馬邑郡地。領縣二：
		Xinzhou is now administered by Xiurong Xian. lords It belonged to Zhao during the Warring States period. During Qin, it was part of Taiyuan Jun territory; Former/Later Han followed this. Northern Wei established Si Zhou. Later Zhou moved Si Zhou to Yanmen Jun. At the beginning of Sui, Xinxing Jun and Yun Zhou were established; later, Xinxing Jun was changed to Xin Zhou; named after Xinkou. At the beginning of Yangdi's reign, Yun Zhou and Xin Zhou were abolished, and their territories were assigned to Loufan Jun and Dingxiang Jun. In Great Tang, Xin Zhou was re-established separately; it was sometimes known as Dingxiang Jun. Former Han had Dingxiang Jun, which is located in today's Mayi Jun territory. It administered two xian:
127 打開字典	州郡九:	秀容漢汾陽縣。有嵐水。
		Xiurong was Han Fenyang Xian. There is Lan Shui.
128 打開字典	州郡九:	定襄漢陽曲縣。有石嶺關，甚險固。
		Dingxiang was Han Yangqu Xian. There is Shiling Guan, which is extremely dangerous and solid.
129 打開字典	州郡九:	安邊郡東至上谷郡三百二十里。南至常山郡四百里。西至雁門郡二百六十里。北至蕃境，無郡。東南到博陵郡四百九十里。西南到雁門郡三百十里。西北到馬邑郡四百六里。東北到媯川郡四百四十里。去西京九百里，去東京一千五百里。戶四千六百十，口一萬八千二百。
		Anbian Jun is 320 li east to Shanggu Jun. South to Changshan Jun is four hundred li. West to Yanmen Jun is 260 li. North to the Fan territory, there is no jun. Southeast to Boling Jun is 490 li. Southwest to Yanmen Jun is three hundred and thirty miles. Northwest to Mayi Jun, four hundred and six li. Northeast to Guichuan Jun is 440 li. It is nine hundred li from the Western Capital and fifteen hundred li from the Eastern Capital. Households: 4,610; population: 18,200.
130 打開字典	州郡九:	蔚州今理靈丘縣。周禮并州川曰嘔夷，惊曰淶易。嘔夷水在靈丘縣界，淶水在飛狐縣界。戰國初屬趙，後又屬燕。秦、漢、晉屬代郡。後魏置懷荒、御夷二鎮。東魏置北靈丘郡。後周置蔚州。隋置上谷郡。大唐置蔚州，或為安邊郡。領縣三：
		Yuzhou is now administered by Lingqiu Xian. The Zhou Li states that the rivers of Bingzhou are called Ouyi, and the dangerous ones are called Laiyi. Ouyi Shui is within the borders of Lingqiu Xian, and Lai Shui is within Feihu Xian. In the early Warring States period it belonged to Zhao, but later came under Yan. The Qin, Han, and Jin dynasties all belonged to Dai Jun. After the Wei dynasty established two garrisons: Huaihuang and Yiyi. The Dongwei dynasty established Beilingqiu Jun. Later Zhou established Yuzhou. Sui dynasty established Shanggu Jun. Da Tang established Yuzhou, or it was also known as Anbian Jun. Administers three xian:
131 打開字典	州郡九:	靈丘漢舊縣。有趙武靈王陵。
		Lingqiu an old Han dynasty xian. There is the Mausoleum of Zhao Wuling Wang here.
132 打開字典	州郡九:	飛狐漢廣昌縣地。飛狐口在縣北，即漢之飛狐道，通媯川郡懷戎縣。又有磨笄山，與媯川郡山相連。隋置今縣。
		Feihu was part of the territory of Guangchang Xian during the Han dynasty. Feihu Kou is located to the north of the xian; this was known as Feihu Dao during the Han dynasty, connecting Guichuan Jun's Huairong Xian. There is also Moji Shan, which connects with the mountains of Guichuan Jun. Sui dynasty established this xian.
133 打開字典	州郡九:	安邊
		Anbian
134 打開字典	州郡九:	馬邑郡東至安邊郡四百六十里。南至雁門郡一百四十里。西至樓煩郡三百四十里。北至單于府三百五十里。東南到雁門郡一百二十里。西南到樓煩郡三百里。西北到單于府三百五十里。東北到故雲州二百六十里。去西京一千七百七十里，去東京一千三百四十里。戶六千三百，口二萬五千八百。
		Mayi Jun east to Anbian Jun is 460 li. South to Yanmen Jun, one hundred and forty li. West to Loufan Jun is 340 li. North to Chanyu Fu, three hundred and fifty li. Southeast to Yanmen Jun is one hundred and twenty li. Southwest to Loufan Jun, three hundred li. Northwest to Chanyu Fu is 350 li. Northeast to Gu Yun Zhou, two hundred and sixty li. It is 1,770 li from the Western Capital, and 1,340 li from the Eastern Capital. Households: six thousand three hundred; population: twenty-five thousand eight hundred.
135 打開字典	州郡九:	朔州今理善陽縣。戰國屬燕。秦屬代、雁門二郡地。漢為定襄、雁門二郡地。後漢屬雲中、雁門二郡。漢末，因亂又置新興郡。漢末大亂，匈奴侵邊，自定襄以西，盡雲中、雁門之間遂空。建安中，魏武王集荒郡之人，立新興郡。晉懷帝時，劉琨表以鮮卑猗盧為大單于，封代公，徙馬邑，即其地也。其後稱魏，建都於今郡北，兼置懷朔鎮。及遷洛後，遂於郡北三百餘里置朔州，葛榮之亂又廢。北齊復置朔州。隋初置總管府；煬帝初府廢，置代郡，尋屬馬邑郡。後魏初，雲中在今郡北三百餘里定襄故城。北齊置朔州，在故都西南新城，一名平城也。後移於馬邑，即今郡城也。大唐初為朔州，或為馬邑郡。領縣二：
		Shuozhou is now administered from Shanyang Xian. It belonged to Yan during the Warring States period. The Qin dynasty territory was part of Dai and Yanmen Jun. During the Han dynasty it was part of Dingxiang and Yanmen Jun. Later Han belonged to Yunzhong and Yanmen Jun. At the end of the Han dynasty, due to turmoil, Xinxing Jun was re-established. At the end of the Han dynasty there was great turmoil, and the Xiongnu invaded the border. From Dingxiang westward, all between Yunzhong and Yanmen became deserted. During Jian'an period, Wei Wuwang gathered the people from the desolate jun and established Xinxing Jun. During the reign of Jin Huaidi, Liu Kun recommended Xianbi Yilu as Da Chanyu, and granted him the title Gong of Dai. He moved to Mayi, which is this territory. Later it was called Wei, established its capital in the north of today's jun, and also set up Huaiyue Zhen. After moving to Luoyang, Shuozhou was established more than 300 li north of the jun. It was later abolished during the turmoil caused by Ge Rong. Northern Qi dynasty re-established Shuozhou. At the beginning of Sui dynasty, a Zongguan Fu was established; at the beginning of Emperor Yangdi's reign, the fu was abolished and Dai Jun was established. Soon after it came under Mayi Jun. At the beginning of Later Wei, Yunzhong was located more than 300 miles north of today's jun at the old city of Dingxiang. Northern Qi established Shuozhou in Xincheng, southwest of the former capital; it was also known as Pingcheng. Later moved to Mayi, that is now the jun city. At the beginning of Da Tang it was Shuozhou, or also known as Mayi Jun. Administers two xian:
136 打開字典	州郡九:	善陽有秦馬邑城武州塞，即此地。亦漢定襄縣地，後魏桑乾郡，北齊廣安郡。有紫河發源於此。
		Shanyang has the Qin dynasty Mayi Cheng and Wuzhou Sai, which are located here. It was also part of Han Dingxiang Xian territory; Later Wei Sanggan Jun; Northern Qi Guang'an Jun. Zi He originates from here.
137 打開字典	州郡九:	馬邑漢舊縣。
		Mayi an old Han dynasty xian.
138 打開字典	州郡九:	雲中郡東至桑乾郡督宅一百五十里。南至雁門郡界一百六十里。西至東尖谷五十里。北至長城蕃界三百里。東南到榆林郡四百里。西南到神堆柵九十里。西北到卻蕃柵一百六十里。東北到陽阿谷蕃界三百四十里。去西京二千七十里，去東京一千六百四十里。戶三千一百六十，口七千九百三十。
		Yunzhong Jun east to Duzhai of Sanggan Jun is 150 li. South to the border of Yanmen Jun, one hundred sixty li. West to Dongjian Gu is fifty li. North to the Changcheng Fan border, three hundred li. Southeast to Yulin Jun is four hundred li. Southwest to Shendui Zha, ninety li. Northwest to Quetan Zha is 160 li. Northeast to Yanga Gu Fan border, three hundred forty li. It is 2,070 li from the Western Capital and 1,640 li from the Eastern Capital. Households: three thousand one hundred sixty; population: seven thousand nine hundred thirty.
139 打開字典	州郡九:	雲州今理雲中縣。戰國屬趙。秦置雲中郡，二漢因之。晉屬新興郡。後魏道武帝自雲中徙都平城，即此，雲中，今馬邑郡北。平城即今郡，隋雲內縣常安鎮也。置代尹。自天興元年都平城，至孝文帝太和十九年遷洛陽後，改代尹為萬年尹。隋初屬馬邑郡。大唐置雲州，或為雲中郡。領縣一：
		Yun Zhou is now administered from Yunzhong Xian. It belonged to Zhao during the Warring States period. Qin dynasty established Yunzhong Jun, and both the Former and Later Han dynasties followed this arrangement. Jin belonged to Xinxing Jun. Later Wei Daowu Di moved the capital from Yunzhong to Pingcheng, which is here. Yunzhong is north of today's Mayi Jun. Pingcheng is now this jun; it was Chang'an Zhen, Yunnei Xian during the Sui dynasty. Established Dai Yin. From the first year of Tianxing, when Pingcheng became the capital, until Emperor Xiaowen's Taihe 19th year after moving to Luoyang, Dai Yin was changed to Wannian Yin. At the beginning of the Sui dynasty it belonged to Mayi Jun. Da Tang established Yun Zhou, or also known as Yunzhong Jun. Administers one xian:
140 打開字典	州郡九:	雲中漢舊縣。隋曰雲內縣。白登山，白登臺，漢高帝初，被匈奴圍於此。有故高柳城、參合陂。後魏盛樂縣亦在今郡界。單于臺，在今縣西北百餘里。漢孝武元封元年，勒兵十八萬騎，出長城，北登單于臺。
		Yunzhong an old Han dynasty xian. During the Sui dynasty, it was known as Yunnei Xian. Baishandang Shan, Baishantai Tai: at the beginning of Emperor Gao Di's reign, he was surrounded by Xiongnu forces here. There is also the old Gaoliu Cheng and the Sanhe Pian. Later Wei's Shengle Xian was also within today's jun territory. Chanyu Tai is located more than one hundred li northwest of the current xian. In the first year of Yuangfeng during Emperor Xiaowu's reign, an army of 180,000 cavalry was mobilized to march beyond the Great Wall and ascended Chanyu Tai in the north.
141 打開字典	州郡九:	單于府東至……南至榆林郡一百二十里。西至……北至……東南到馬邑郡三百五十里。西南到……西北到……東北到……去西京二千二百五十里，去東京二千里。戶二千一百，口一萬三千。
		Chanyu Fu east to ...; south to Yulin Jun, 120 li. West to ...; north to ...; southeast to Mayi Jun is 350 li. Southwest to ..., northwest to ..., northeast to ...; it is two thousand and two hundred fifty li from the Western Capital, two thousand li from the Eastern Capital. Households: 2,100; population: 13,000.
142 打開字典	州郡九:	單于大都護府，戰國屬趙，秦漢雲中郡地也。大唐龍朔三年，置雲中都護府，又移瀚海都護府於磧北，瀚海都護舊曰燕然都護府。二府以磧為界。麟德元年，改雲中都護府為單于大都護府。領縣一：
		Chanyu Dada Du Hu Fu belonged to Zhao during the Warring states period; it was part of Yunzhong Jun territory in the Qin and Han dynasties. In the third year of Longshuo during Da Tang, Yunzhong Du Hu Fu was established. The Hanhai Du Hu Fu was also moved to the north of Qi. The old name for Hanhai Du Hu was Yanyan Du Hu Fu. The two fu were divided by Qi as their boundary. In the first year of Lindi, Yunzhong Du Hu Fu changed to Chanyu Dada Du Hufu. Administers one xian:
143 打開字典	州郡九:	金河有長城。有金河，上承紫河及象水。又南流入河。李陵臺、王昭君墓。
		Jinhe has the Great Wall. There is Jin He, which originates from Zi He and Xiang Shui above. It then flows south into the Yellow River. Li Ling Tai, Wang Zhaojun's tomb.

《風俗 - Customs and Mores 》

英文翻譯：人工智能和中國哲學書電子化計劃用戶 ^[?]

電子圖書館

1 打開字典	風俗:	冀州，堯都所在，疆域尤廣。梁州境宇雖遐遠，而雜以夷獠。中夏唯冀州最大。山東之人，性緩尚儒，仗氣任俠，太行、恒山之東。而鄴郡，高齊國都，浮巧成俗。自北齊之滅衣冠，士人多遷關內，惟伎巧商販及樂戶移實郡郭，由是人情險詖，至今好為訴訟。山西土瘠，其人勤儉，而河東，魏晉以降，文學盛興，魏豐樂侯杜君畿為河東守，開置學官，親執經教授，郡中化之，自後河東特多儒者。閭井之間，習於程法。并州近狄，俗尚武藝，左右山河，古稱重鎮，韓信謂陳豨曰：「代，天下精兵處也。」後漢末，天下擾亂，高幹為并州刺史，牽招說幹曰：「并州左有恒山之險，右有大河之固，北有強胡，可以守也。」寄任之者，必文武兼資焉。
		Jizhou, where Yao's capital was located, had especially extensive territory. Although the territory of Liangzhou is vast and remote, it is mixed with Yi and Liao peoples. Among the central regions, Jizhou was the largest. The people of Shandong were characterized by a relaxed and Confucian disposition, valuing righteousness and chivalry. To the east of Taihang Mountains and Hengshan Mountain. Yejun, the capital of Gao Qi's state, had developed a custom of superficial sophistication. Since the Northern Qi dynasty's destruction of the gentry, many scholars and officials migrated inland to Guannei, while only artisans, merchants, and music households relocated to populate the city walls. As a result, people became treacherous and deceitful, and even today they are fond of litigation. Shanxi's soil is poor, and its people are diligent and thrifty. Hedong, since the Wei and Jin dynasties, experienced a flourishing of literature and scholarship. Duke Du Junji of Fengle in the Wei dynasty served as governor of Hedong, established schools, personally taught classics, and transformed the region; ever since then, there have been particularly many Confucian scholars from Hedong. Between the 闾 and Jing, people were accustomed to legal procedures. Bingzhou was close to the Di people, and its customs favored martial skills. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, it was an ancient stronghold. Han Xin said to Chen Xi: "Dai is a place of elite troops in the world." At the end of the Later Han dynasty, when chaos prevailed across the land, Gao Gan served as cishi (governor) of Bingzhou. Qian Zhao advised Gan: "Bingzhou has to its left the perilous Hengshan Mountains and to its right the solid Yellow River for defense; to the north are powerful Hu tribes. It is a place that can be held." Those entrusted with this responsibility must possess both literary and martial talents.

URN: ctp:tongdian/179