| | 司農卿: |
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| | 司農卿: |
少皞氏以九扪為九農正。舜攝帝位，命棄為后稷。周則為太府下大夫。秦為理粟內史，掌穀貨。漢景帝更名大農令，武帝太初初，更名大司農。掌九穀六畜之供膳羞者，凡郡國諸倉、農監、都水六十五官皆屬焉。後漢大司農掌諸錢穀金帛，郡國四時上月旦見錢穀簿，其逋未畢，各具別之。邊郡諸官請調度者，皆為給報，損多益寡，取相給足。初，郡國鹽官、鐵官並屬司農，中興皆屬郡縣。建安中為大農。魏黃初元年，又改為司農。晉初因之，渡江，哀帝末，省司農并都水，孝武復置。宋、齊皆有之。梁司農卿位視散騎常侍，主農功倉廩。陳因之。後魏曰大司農。北齊曰司農寺，有卿、少卿各一人，掌倉市薪米，園池果實。後周有司農上士一人，掌三農、九穀、稼穡之政令，屬大司徒。隋初與北齊同，煬帝置少卿二人。大唐龍朔二年，改司農為司稼，咸亨初復舊。卿一人，少卿二人。掌東耕供進耒耜及邦國倉儲之事，領上林、太倉、鉤盾、導官四署。 |
| | The Shaohao clan appointed the Nine Men as the Nine Nongzheng. Shun assumed the imperial position and appointed Qi as Houji. In the Zhou dynasty, it became Tai Fu Xia Daifu. The Qin dynasty established the position of Lisu Neishi, who was in charge of grain and goods. Emperor Jing of Han changed its name to Dangong Ling; at the beginning of Taichu era under Emperor Wu, it was renamed Da Siniang. Those in charge of providing food and delicacies from the nine grains and six domestic animals, All sixty-five officials in various commanderies, states, granaries, agricultural supervisors, and Duishui were subordinate to it. In the Later Han dynasty, Da Siniang was in charge of various monetary funds, grains, gold, and silk. Commanderies and states were required to submit monthly reports on the first day of each month regarding their money and grain records; any arrears that remained unpaid should be separately detailed. For officials in border commanderies requesting allocations, reports were provided accordingly; more was deducted and less added to ensure mutual sufficiency. Initially, salt offices and iron offices in commanderies and states were all subordinate to the Siniang; during the revival period, they were placed under the jurisdiction of commanderies and counties. During the Jian'an period, it was known as Da Nong. In the first year of Huangchu era under Wei, it was once again renamed Siniang. At the beginning of the Jin dynasty, this system continued; after crossing the river (referring to moving south), at the end of Emperor Ai's reign, Siniang was abolished and merged with Duishui. Emperor Xiao Wu later reinstated it. The Song and Qi dynasties both had this office. In the Liang dynasty, the Siniang Qing held a rank equivalent to Sanqi Changshi and was in charge of agricultural affairs and granaries. The Chen dynasty followed this system. In the Later Wei, it was called Da Siniang. In the Northern Qi dynasty, it was known as Sinong Si; there were one Qing and one Shaoqing each, who were in charge of granaries, markets, firewood, rice, orchards, ponds, and fruits. In the Later Zhou dynasty, there was one Sinong Shangshi, who oversaw policies and orders concerning the Three Nong, Nine Grains, and farming activities; this position belonged to Da Situ. At the beginning of the Sui dynasty, it was the same as in the Northern Qi; Emperor Yang established two Shaoqing positions. In the second year of Longshuo era in the Great Tang dynasty, Siniang was changed to Sijia; at the beginning of Xianheng era, it reverted back to its original name. There is one Qing and two Shaoqing. The office oversees the provision of plows and hoes for spring farming, as well as matters concerning state granaries; it supervises four bureaus: Shanglin, Taicang, Goudun, and Daoquan.
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| | 司農卿: |
丞：秦曰理粟內史丞，有二人。漢為大司農丞，亦二人，或謂之中丞。平帝又置大司農部丞十三人，人部一州，勸農桑。後漢司農丞一人，部丞一人。魏晉因之，銅印黃綬，進賢一梁冠，介幘皁衣。後魏、北齊皆有司農丞。隋置五人。大唐六人。 |
| | Cheng: In the Qin dynasty, it was called Lisu Neishi Cheng, with two officials. In the Han dynasty, it became Da Siniang Cheng; there were also two of them, and some referred to them as Zhongcheng. Emperor Ping again established thirteen Da Siniang Bucheng, each responsible for one state; they were tasked with encouraging agriculture and sericulture. In the Later Han dynasty, there was one Siniang Cheng and one Bucheng. The Wei and Jin dynasties followed this system, with copper seals and yellow silk sashes; They wore a Jinxian one-lan crown, jie zhe headpiece, and black robes. The Later Wei and Northern Qi dynasties both had Siniang Cheng positions. In the Sui dynasty, five officials were appointed. In the Great Tang dynasty, six officials.
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主簿：晉太康中置，自後無聞。梁、陳又有。北齊亦然。大唐因之。 |
| | Zhubu: Established during the Taikang era of the Jin dynasty; after that, there is no further record. The Liang and Chen dynasties also had this position. So did the Northern Qi dynasty. The Great Tang dynasty followed suit.
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上林署：漢水衡都尉之職，後漢曰上林苑令、丞，主苑中禽獸。頗有人居，皆主之。魏晉因之，江左無聞。宋初復置，隸尚書殿中曹。齊因之。梁、陳屬司農。北齊及隋亦然。大唐因之，有令二人，丞四人，掌諸苑囿、池沼、種植、蔬果、藏冰之事。 |
| | Shanglin Shu: This was the duty of the Shuiheng Duyi in the Han dynasty; In the Later Han dynasty, it was called Shanglin Yuan Ling and Cheng, in charge of animals within the park. There were quite a few people living there; they all came under its jurisdiction. The Wei and Jin dynasties continued this system, but after the move to Jiangzuo (southern region), it is no longer recorded. At the beginning of the Song dynasty, it was reestablished and placed under Shangshu Dianzhong Cao. The Qi dynasty followed this system. In the Liang and Chen dynasties, it belonged to Siniang. The Northern Qi and Sui dynasties were also the same. The Great Tang dynasty followed this system, with two Ling and four Cheng; they were in charge of parks, ponds, planting, vegetables, fruits, and ice storage.
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太倉署：於周官有廩人下大夫、上士。秦官有太倉令、丞。漢因之，屬大司農。後漢令主受郡國傳漕穀，其滎陽敖倉官，中興皆屬河南尹。歷代並有之。北齊亦然。後周曰司倉下大夫。隋有令二人，丞六人。大唐有令三人，丞二人，掌倉廩出納。 |
| | Taicang Shu: In the Zhou Li (Rites of Zhou), there were Xia Daifu Ling Ren and Shangshi. In the Qin dynasty, officials included Taicang Ling and Cheng. The Han dynasty followed this system; it belonged to Da Siniang. In the Later Han, Ling was in charge of receiving grain transported from commanderies and states; its Xingyang Ao Cang officials were placed under Henan Yin during the revival period. This position existed throughout various dynasties. The Northern Qi dynasty was the same. In the Later Zhou, it was called Sici Xia Daifu. The Sui dynasty had two Ling and six Cheng. In the Great Tang, there were three Ling and two Cheng in charge of granary storage and distribution.
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鉤盾署：漢鉤盾令，宦者，典諸近園苑遊觀之事，屬少府。後漢亦有之。晉大鴻臚屬官有鉤盾令，自後無聞。北齊如晉制。隋如北齊，令三人，丞十二人。大唐因之，令二人，丞四人，掌薪炭、鵝鴨、藪澤之物。 |
| | Goudun Shu: In the Han dynasty, Goudun Ling was an eunuch in charge of matters concerning nearby parks and scenic areas for imperial tours; it belonged to Shaofu. The Later Han also had this position. The Jin dynasty had a Goudun Ling among the subordinates of Da Honglu; afterward, there are no further records. The Northern Qi followed the Jin system. In the Sui dynasty, as in the Northern Qi, there were three Ling and twelve Cheng. The Great Tang followed this system: two Ling and four Cheng, in charge of firewood, charcoal, geese, ducks, and other products from marshes and wetlands.
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導官署：周有舂人。秦漢有令、丞，屬少府。漢東京令、丞主舂御米及作乾糒，屬大司農。歷代皆有之。大唐置令二人，丞四人，掌舂碾米麵油燭之事。 |
| | Daoquan Shu: The Zhou dynasty had Chong Ren (grain pounders). In the Qin and Han dynasties, there were Ling and Cheng; they belonged to Shaofu. In the Eastern capital of the Han dynasty, Ling and Cheng were in charge of pounding rice for imperial use and making dried provisions; It belonged to Da Siniang. This position existed in all subsequent dynasties. In the Great Tang dynasty, two Ling and four Cheng were appointed; they were responsible for pounding, grinding rice, flour, oil, and candles.
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苑總監：自隋而置，東西南北各有監及副監。大唐因之，兼有丞、主簿等官，以掌苑內宮館園池之事。 |
| | Yuan Zongjian: This position was established since the Sui dynasty; there were supervisors and deputy supervisors for the eastern, western, southern, and northern parks. The Great Tang followed this practice, also having Cheng, Zhubu and other officials to oversee matters concerning palaces, pavilions, gardens, and ponds within the parks.
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諸倉監：後漢河南尹屬官有滎陽穀倉長、丞。梁司農有左中右三部倉丞，陳因之。隋諸倉各有監官。大唐因之，掌倉廩出納。 |
| | Zhu Cangjian: In the Later Han dynasty, among the subordinates of Henan Yin were Xingyang Gu Cang Chang and Cheng. In the Liang dynasty Siniang had three Cang Cheng for the Left, Center, and Right departments; the Chen dynasty followed this. During the Sui dynasty, each of the various granaries had its own supervisory officials. The Great Tang followed this system, overseeing the distribution and storage in the granaries.
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司竹監：漢有司竹長、丞。魏晉河南淇園竹各置官守之。後魏有司竹都尉。隋曰司竹監。大唐因之，有監、副監、丞，掌植養園竹之事。 |
| | Si Zhu Jian: In the Han dynasty there were Si Zhu Chang and Cheng. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, officials were appointed to guard the bamboo groves in Qi Yuan of Henan. The Later Wei dynasty had Si Zhu Duyi. In the Sui dynasty it was called Si Zhu Jian. The Great Tang followed this, having supervisors, deputy supervisors, and Cheng to oversee the planting and cultivation of bamboo in the gardens.
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溫泉湯監、令：大唐置，掌湯院宇，修整器物，以備供奉。 |
| | Wenquan Tangjian and Ling: Established during the Great Tang, they were responsible for managing hot spring pavilions, maintaining equipment, and preparing them for imperial use.
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諸屯監：隋置諸屯監及副監，畿內者隸司農，自外者隸諸州。大唐因之，置監及丞，掌營種屯田、句當功課畜產等事。 |
| | Zhu Tunjian: In the Sui dynasty, various Tunjian and deputy supervisors were established; those within the imperial territory were subordinate to Siniang, while those outside were under the jurisdiction of various states. The Great Tang followed this tradition, appointing supervisors and Cheng to oversee farming in military colonies, manage agricultural production, livestock breeding, and other related matters.
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騪粟都尉、均輸令、斡官長、籍田令。 |
| | Yousu Duyi, Junshu Ling, Woguan Chang, Ru Chun said: "Wo is pronounced Guan; sometimes written as Gan. " "Wo means 'to manage' or 'to be in charge of.'" They were responsible for matters related to Junshu, namely the management of salt and iron monopolies as well as the regulation of wine sales." Jin Zhuo said: "This was an official in charge of bamboo arrows and dry materials. " "There is a separate Junshu Ling for this purpose." Yan Shigu said: "Ru's explanation is closer to the truth. " Even if one reads it as Gan, it should refer only to managing wealth and goods, not to arrow shafts." Initially, Woguan belonged to Shaofu; later it was transferred to Zhuzhuo, and subsequently came under Da Siniang.}} Jitian Ling.
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典農中郎將、典農都尉、典農校尉、勸農謁者。 |
| | Diannong Zhonglangjiang, Diannong Duyi, Diannong Jiaowei, Quannong Yezhe. "
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| | 太府卿: |
周官有太府下大夫，掌貢賦之貳，受其貨賄之入，頒其貨賄於受藏之府。歷代不置，然其職在司農、少府。至梁天監七年，置太府卿，位視宗正，掌金帛府帑及關津市肆。陳因之。後魏太和中，改少府為太府卿。兼有少卿，掌財物庫藏。北齊曰太府寺，亦有卿、少卿各一人，又兼掌造器物。後周有太府中大夫，掌貢賦貨賄，以供國用，屬大冢宰。隋初與北齊同，所掌左右藏及尚方、司染、甄官等署。煬帝置少卿二人，又分太府寺置少府監，管尚方、織染等署，而太府但管京都市及平準、左右藏。大唐龍朔二年，改太府為外府，咸亨元年復舊。光宅元年，改為司府，神龍元年復舊。卿一人，少卿二人。領兩京諸市、平準、左右藏、常平等九署，署各有令、丞。 |
| | In the Zhou dynasty's official system, there was a position called Taifu Xiadafu, who was in charge of assisting with tributes and taxes. He received incoming goods and bribes, and distributed these goods and valuables to the storage offices responsible for their receipt. This position was not established in later dynasties; however, its duties were carried out by the Sinong and Shaofu offices. In the seventh year of Tianjian during the Liang dynasty, the position of Taifu Qing was established. Its rank corresponded to that of Zongzheng, and it oversaw gold and silk treasuries as well as customs, ferry stations, and market stalls. The Chen dynasty followed this system. During the Taihe period of the Northern Wei dynasty, the Shaofu was changed to Taifu Qing. It also had a subordinate position called Shaoqing, who oversaw the storage and management of wealth and goods in the treasuries. In the Northern Qi dynasty, it was called Taifu Si. It also had one Qing and one Shaoqing respectively, who were additionally in charge of manufacturing objects and equipment. In the Later Zhou dynasty, there was a position known as Taifu Zhongdafa, who oversaw tributes, taxes, goods, and bribes to supply the needs of the state. This office belonged under the Da Zongcai. At the beginning of the Sui dynasty, it was the same as in the Northern Qi, overseeing offices such as Zuoyoucang, Shangfang, Siran, Zhen Guan, and others. Emperor Yangdi established two Shaoqing positions. He also divided the Taifu Si to set up a Shaofu Jian, which managed offices such as Shangfang and Zhi Ran, while the Taifu only oversaw the capital's markets and Pingzhuan, Zuoyoucang. In the second year of Longshuo during the Da Tang dynasty, Taifu was changed to Waifu; in the first year of Xianheng, it reverted back to its original name. In the first year of Guangzai, it was changed to Sifu; in the first year of Shenlong, it reverted back to its former name. There was one Qing and two Shaoqing. 镂 It oversaw nine offices in the two capitals: Zhushi, Pingzhuan, Zuoyou Cang, Changping, and five others. Each office had its own Ling (director) and Cheng (deputy).
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丞：於周官為太府上士之任，自後無聞。梁太府丞一人，陳因之。後魏、北齊各一人。後周曰太府上士。隋又曰府丞。大唐因之，有四人。 |
| | Cheng: In the Zhou dynasty's system, this was equivalent to the role of Taifu Shangshi. After that, there is no further record of it. The Liang dynasty had one Taifu Cheng; the Chen dynasty followed this practice. The Northern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties each had one person in this position. In the Later Zhou, it was known as Taifu Shangshi. During the Sui dynasty, it returned to being called Fu Cheng. The Da Tang dynasty followed this tradition and had four such officials.
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主簿：亦周官太府下士之任，自後無聞。梁置一人，陳因之。後魏亦然。隋置四人。大唐因之，減一人。 |
| | Zhubu: This was also the role of Taifu Xiashi in the Zhou dynasty's system; after that, it is not recorded. The Liang dynasty established one such official; the Chen dynasty followed suit. The Northern Wei also did so in the same way. The Sui dynasty established four such officials. The Da Tang dynasty followed the practice but reduced it to three people.
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諸市署：周官有司市下大夫，掌市之理。漢京兆尹屬官有長安市長、丞，後漢則河南尹屬官雒陽市長、丞。魏晉因之，東晉則丹陽尹管之。宋、齊因之。梁始隸太府，陳因之。後魏有京邑市令。北齊則司州牧領東西市令、丞。後周司市下大夫。隋初，京市令、丞屬司農，煬帝改隸太府。大唐因之，每市令一人，丞二人。 |
| | Zhushi Shu: In the Zhou dynasty's official structure, there was a position of Sishi Xiadafu who oversaw market administration. In the Han dynasty, among the subordinate officials of Jingzhao Yin were the Mayors and Deputies of Chang'an Market. In the Later Han, among the subordinate officials of Henan Yin were the Mayors and Deputy Mayors of Luoyang Market. The Wei and Jin dynasties followed this system; during the Eastern Jin, it was administered by the Danyang Yin. The Song and Qi dynasties also followed this practice. In the Liang dynasty, it first came under the jurisdiction of Taifu; the Chen dynasty continued this arrangement. The Northern Wei had a Jingyi Shi Ling (Mayor of the Capital City Market). In the Northern Qi, the Sizhou Mu oversaw the East and West Market Mayors and Deputies. The Later Zhou had a position of Sishi Xiadafa. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the Mayors and Deputies in charge of capital markets were under Sinong; Emperor Yangdi later transferred their jurisdiction to Taifu. The Da Tang dynasty followed this system, with one Ling and two Cheng for each market.
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平準署：周官有質人中士、下士，主平定物價。秦置平準令。漢因之，掌知物價及主練染，作彩色。後漢平準令、丞隸大司農，熹平四年，改平準為中準，使宦者為之，列於內署。自是諸署，悉以閹人為令、丞。晉少府屬官有平準令。宋唯掌染，順帝即位，以帝諱準，故曰染署。齊又曰平準，屬少府。梁、陳則曰平水令、丞。北齊平準屬司農。後周曰平準中士、下士。隋初如北齊，煬帝改隸太府。大唐因之，令二人，丞四人，掌官市易。 |
| | Pingzhuan Shu: In the Zhou dynasty's official hierarchy, there were Zhiren Zhongshi and Xiashi who were responsible for stabilizing prices. The Qin dynasty established a Pingzhuan Ling (Director of Price Stabilization). The Han dynasty followed this, with the official responsible for monitoring prices and overseeing dyeing and coloring processes. łoż In the Later Han dynasty, the Pingzhuan Ling and Cheng were under the Da Sinong. In the fourth year of Xiping, Pingzhuan was changed to Zhongzhuan, with eunuchs appointed to these positions, placing them among internal offices. From then on, all such offices were staffed by eunuchs as Ling and Cheng. In the Jin dynasty, among the subordinate officials under Shaofu was a Pingzhuan Ling. During the Song dynasty, this office only oversaw dyeing; upon the enthronement of Shundi, since "zhun" was a character to be avoided due to the emperor's name taboo, it became known as Ran Shu. In the Qi dynasty, it returned to being named Pingzhuan and belonged under Shaofu. In the Liang and Chen dynasties, it was called Pingshui Ling and Cheng instead. In the Northern Qi dynasty, Pingzhuan belonged under Sinong. In the Later Zhou, it was called Pingzhuan Zhongshi and Xiashi. At the beginning of the Sui, it followed the system of the Northern Qi; Emperor Yangdi changed its jurisdiction to be under Taifu. The Da Tang dynasty continued this practice, with two Lings and four Chengs in charge of managing official markets and trade.
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左、右藏署：周官有職幣上士、中士，掌邦財之幣；又外府中士，主泉藏；有玉府，掌王之金玉、兵器之藏；內府中士，主貨賄，藏在內也；職內上士，主泉貨所入：蓋其任也。後漢少府屬官有中藏府令、丞。魏因之。晉有左、右藏令，屬少府。晉江東置御史，掌庫曹，後分庫曹曰外左庫、內左庫。至宋省外左庫，而內左庫直曰左庫。齊、梁、陳曰右藏。北齊曰左、右藏令，屬太府寺。後周曰外府上士、中士。隋如北齊。大唐因之，置左藏署令三人，右藏署令二人。 |
| | Zuo Youcang Shu: In the Zhou dynasty's system there were Zhibi Shangshi and Zhongshi, who oversaw state financial resources in terms of currency; there was also an Waifu Zhongshi responsible for overseeing the treasury. There was a Yufu, which oversaw the king's treasuries of gold, jade, and weapons; there was also Neifu Zhongshi who managed goods and bribes stored internally; Zhinai Shangshi oversaw the inflow of currency and goods: these were their responsibilities. In the Later Han, among subordinate officials under Shaofu were Zhongcang Fu Ling and Cheng. The Wei dynasty followed this system. In the Jin dynasty, there were Zuocang Ling and Youcang Ling under Shaofu. During the Eastern Jin in Jiangdong, a Yushi was established to oversee the Kucang (treasury department). Later, this treasury department was divided into Wazuoku and Neizuoku. By the Song dynasty, Wazuoku was abolished, while Neizuoku became simply Zuoku. In the Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties it was called Youcang. In the Northern Qi dynasty it was known as Zuocang Ling and Youcangu Ling, both subordinate to Taifu Si. In the Later Zhou it was called Waifu Shangshi and Zhong Shi. The Sui dynasty followed the system of the Northern Qi. The Da Tang dynasty continued this tradition, establishing three Zuocang Shu Lings, Two Youcang Shu Lings were also established.
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常平署：漢宣帝時，耿壽昌請於邊郡皆築倉，穀賤時增價而糴，貴時減價而糶，名曰常平倉。常平之名，起於此也。後漢明帝置常滿倉。晉又曰常平倉，自後無聞。梁亦曰常平倉，而不糴糶。陳因之。後魏太和中，雖不名曰常平，亦各令官司糴貯，儉則出糶。隋曰常平倉。大唐武德中，置常平監官，以均天下之貨。後省監，置常平署令一人，掌倉糧管鑰，出納糶糴。凡天下倉廩，和糴者為常平倉，正租為正倉，地子為義倉。 |
| | Changping Shu: During the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han dynasty, Geng Shouchang proposed that granaries be built in border commanderies. When grain was cheap, they would buy it at higher prices; when expensive, sell it at lower prices. This system became known as Changping Cang (Ever-normal Granary). The name "Changping" originated from this practice. In the Later Han, Emperor Ming established a Changman Cang (Perpetual Full Granary). During the Jin dynasty it was again called Changping Cang; after that there is no record of its continuation. The Liang dynasty also referred to it as Changping Cang, but did not implement the practice of buying and selling grain at adjusted prices. The Chen dynasty followed this arrangement. During the Taihe period of Northern Wei, although it was not officially named Changping, local officials were still ordered to purchase and store grain, selling it when prices dropped. In the Sui dynasty it was called Changping Cang. During the Wude period of the Da Tang, officials were appointed to oversee Changping Jian in order to regulate goods throughout the empire. Later, the Jian (supervisory) position was abolished and a single Changping Shu Ling was established, who oversaw granary grain storage keys, as well as the distribution and purchase of grain. All granaries throughout the empire were categorized as follows: those used for regulated grain purchases and sales were called Changping Cang, regular tax grains were stored in Zhengcang, and local contributions of grain were kept in Yicang.
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| | 祕書監: |
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| | 祕書監: |
周官太史掌建邦之六典；又有外史，掌四方之志、三皇五帝之書。漢氏圖籍所在，有石渠、石室、延閣、廣內，貯之於外府。又有御史中丞居殿中，掌蘭臺祕書及麒麟、天祿二閣，藏之於內禁。後漢圖書在東觀，桓帝延熹二年，始置祕書監一人，掌典圖書古今文字，考合同異，屬太常，後省。魏武帝又置祕書令，典尚書奏事。文帝黃初初，乃置中書令，典尚書奏事，而祕書改令為監，掌藝文圖籍之事。初屬少府，後乃不屬。其蘭臺亦藏書籍，而御史掌之。晉武帝以祕書併入中書省。其祕書著作之局不廢。惠帝永平中，復別置祕書監，并統著作局，掌三閣圖書。自是祕書之府，始居於外。其監，銅印墨綬，進賢兩梁冠，絳朝服，佩水蒼玉。宋與晉同，梁曰祕書省。陳因之。後魏亦有之。後周祕書監亦領著作，監掌國史。隋祕書省領著作、太史二曹。煬帝增置少監一人，後又改監、少監並為令。大唐武德初，復改為監。龍朔二年，改祕書省為蘭臺，改監為太史，少監為侍郎，咸亨初復舊。天授初，改祕書省為麟臺，神龍初復舊。掌經籍圖書，監國史，領著作、太史二局。太極元年，增祕書少監為二員，通判省事。其後國史、太史分為別曹，而祕書省但主書寫勘校而已。雖非要劇，然好學君子，亦求為之。 |
| | The Zhou dynasty official Tai Shi was in charge of establishing the six major regulations for the state; There were also officials known as Wai Shi, who were responsible for records about the four directions and documents concerning the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. The Han dynasty stored its maps and records in places such as Shiqiu, Shishi, Yange, and Guangnei, which were kept in the outer offices. There was also a Yushi Zhongcheng stationed within the palace, in charge of the Lantai archives and the two pavilions Qilin and Tianlu, where documents were stored inside the inner forbidden area. In the Later Han dynasty, books and records were kept at Dongguan. In the second year of Emperor Huan's Yuanxi era (159 AD), a single official named Mishu Jian was first appointed to oversee ancient and modern texts and maps, examine similarities and differences, and report to the Taichang. Later abolished. Emperor Wu of Wei also established the position of Mishu Ling, who was in charge of handling memorials and official reports for the Shangshu. At the beginning of Emperor Wen's Huangchu era, the position of Zhongshu Ling was established to oversee memorials and official reports handled by the Shangshu, while the title of Mishu was changed from "Ling" to "Jian," responsible for matters related to literary works, maps, and records. Initially it belonged under the Shaofu, but later it no longer did. Its Lantai also stored books, which were managed by the Yushi. Emperor Wu of Jin merged the Mishu into the Zhongshu Sheng. However, the bureau responsible for literary works under the Mishu was not abolished. During the Yongping period of Emperor Hui, a separate Mishu Jian was re-established, which also oversaw the Zuo hua Ju and managed the books in three pavilions. From then on, the office of the Mishu began to be located outside the palace. The Jian held a copper seal with an ink-colored ribbon, wore a Jinxian Erliang Guan (a cap for scholars with two beams), a crimson court robe, and was adorned with a blue jade pectoral. The Song dynasty followed the Jin system, while the Liang dynasty called it the Mishu Sheng. The Chen dynasty followed this system. The Later Wei also had it. In the Later Zhou, the Mishu Jian also oversaw Zuo hua; the Jian was in charge of national history. In the Sui dynasty, the Mishu Sheng oversaw two departments: Zuo hua and Taishi. Emperor Yang added one position of Shaolian, and later changed the titles of Jian and Shaolian to Ling. At the beginning of the Tang dynasty under Emperor Gaozu's Wude era, it was once again renamed as Jian. In the second year of Longshuo (662 AD), the Mishu Sheng was renamed Lantai, and the Jian became Taishi, while the Shaolian became Shilang. At the beginning of Xianheng era, these titles were restored to their original names. At the beginning of Tianshuo (690 AD), the Mishu Sheng changed its name to Lintai, and at the start of Shenlong era it was restored to its original title. It was responsible for classical texts and books, supervised national history, and oversaw the two bureaus of Zuo hua and Taishi Ju. In the first year of Taiji (712 AD), the number of Shaolian under Mishu was increased to two, who jointly handled affairs in the Sheng. Later on, when national history and Taishi were separated into different departments, the Mishu Sheng only managed copying, proofreading, and verification. Although it was not a particularly important or busy office, learned gentlemen still sought to serve there.
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丞：魏武帝置祕書令及丞一人，典尚書奏事。後文帝黃初中，欲以何禎為祕書丞，而祕書先自有丞，乃以禎為祕書右丞。其後遂有左右二丞，劉放為左丞，孫資為右丞，後省。晉復置祕書丞，銅印墨綬，進賢一梁冠，絳朝服。宋為黃綬，餘與晉同。齊、梁尤重。陳、隋印綬與齊同，歷代皆有。大唐龍朔二年，改為蘭臺大夫，咸亨初復舊。掌府事，勾稽省署抄目。 |
| | Cheng: Emperor Wu of Wei established one position each for Mishu Ling and Cheng, who together managed memorials and reports handled by the Shangshun. Later, during Emperor Wen's Huangchu period, He Zhen was to be appointed as Cheng of the Mishu, but since there was already a Cheng in charge beforehand, Zhen was instead made Youcheng (Right Assistant) of the Mishu. Later on, there were eventually two Chengs: left and right. Liu Fang served as Zuocheng while Sun Zi was Youcheng; later these positions were abolished. In the Jin dynasty, the position of Cheng of the Mishu was re-established; it carried a copper seal with an ink ribbon, and the official wore a Jinxian Yiliang Guan (cap for scholars with one beam) and a crimson court robe. In the Song dynasty, it was changed to a yellow ribbon; otherwise, it remained the same as in the Jin dynasty. The Qi and Liang dynasties especially valued this position. The Tanchen and Sui dynasties had the same seals and ribbons as in Qi; this position existed in all subsequent dynasties. In the second year of Longshu (662 AD) during the Tang dynasty, it was renamed Lantai Dafu; at the beginning of Xianheng period, its original title was restored. It was responsible for managing affairs in the office and checking records and copies from various departments.
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祕書郎：後漢馬融為祕書郎，詣東觀典校書。及魏武建國，又置祕書郎，嘗以劉劭為之，出乘鹿車。晉祕書郎掌中外三閣經書，校閱脫誤。進賢一梁冠，絳朝服。亦謂之郎中。武帝分祕書圖籍為甲乙丙丁四部，使祕書郎中四人各掌其一。宋、齊祕書郎皆四員，尤為美職，皆為甲族起家之選，待次入補，其居職，例十日便遷。梁亦然。自齊、梁之末，多以貴遊子弟為之，無其才實。歷代皆有，北齊又謂之郎中，隋除「中」字，亦四員。大唐亦四員，分掌四部經籍圖書，分判校寫功程事。龍朔中，改為蘭臺郎，咸亨初復舊。開元二十八年減一員。 |
| | Mishulang: Later Han Ma Rong served as Mishulang and went to Dongguan to oversee the proofreading of books. When Emperor Wu established his state, he again appointed a Mishulang; Liu Shao once held this position and traveled in an antelope-drawn carriage. In the Jin dynasty, Mishulang were responsible for overseeing classical texts in the three pavilions inside and outside the palace and proofreading errors. They wore a Jinxian Yilian Guan (a scholar's cap with one beam) and crimson court robes. They were also called Langzhong. Emperor Wu divided the Secretariat's books and records into four categories: Jia, Yi, Bing, and Ding, assigning one of the four Mishu Langzhong to oversee each category. In the Song and Qi dynasties, there were always four Mishulang positions; this was especially a prestigious post. It was typically chosen by prominent aristocratic families as their first official appointment. Officials waiting for an opening would be assigned in turn, and it was customary to transfer them after ten days of service. The Liang dynasty was the same in this regard. From the end of the Qi and Liang dynasties, this position was often given to sons of noble families without regard for their actual abilities. This position existed in all dynasties. In the Northern Qi dynasty, it was also called Langzhong; during the Sui dynasty, "Zhong" was removed from its title and there were still four positions. In the Tang dynasty, there were also four officers who divided responsibilities for managing books in the four categories and overseeing proofreading and copying tasks. During Longshuo period, it was renamed Lantailang; at the beginning of Xianhen period, its original name was restored. In the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan (740 AD), one position was reduced.
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祕書校書郎：漢之蘭臺及後漢東觀，皆藏書之室，亦著述之所。多當時文學之士，使讎校於其中，故有校書之職。後於蘭臺置令史十八人，又選他官入東觀，皆令典校祕書，或撰述傳記，蓋有校書之任，而未為官也，故以郎居其任，則謂之校書郎。以郎中居其任，則謂之校書郎中。當時重其職，故學者稱東觀為老氏藏室，道家蓬萊山焉。至魏，始置祕書校書郎。晉、宋以下無聞。至後魏，有祕書校書郎。北齊亦有校書郎。後周有校書郎下士十二人，屬春官之外史。隋校書郎十二人，煬帝初，減二人，尋更增為四十人。大唐置八人，掌讎校典籍，為文士起家之良選。其弘文、崇文館，著作、司經局，並有校書之官，皆為美職，而祕書省為最。 |
| | Mishu Jiaoshulang: The Lantai of the Han dynasty and Dongguan of the Later Han were both libraries for storing books, as well as places for writing and compiling works. Many scholars of literature at that time worked there to proofread texts; thus, the position of Jiaoshu was established. Later, eighteen Ling Shi (clerks) were appointed at Lantai; Other officials were also selected to enter Dongguan, where they were assigned to proofread secret records or compile biographies; This was a duty involving proofreading, but it had not yet become an official position; therefore, when a Lang held this responsibility, he was called Jiaoshulang. When a Langzhong held this position, it was called Jiaoshulan Zhong. At that time, this position was highly valued; therefore, scholars referred to Dongguan as Laozi's library and the Penglai Mountain of Daoism. It was not until the Wei dynasty that the position of Mishu Jiaoshulang was first established. There is no record of this position in the Jin, Song dynasties and later. It was not until the Later Wei that there were again Mishu Jiaoshulang officials. The Northern Qi also had Jiaoshulan. In the Later Zhou, there were twelve Jiaoshulan Xiashi (lower scholars), who belonged to the Waisi of Chungan. In the Sui dynasty, there were twelve Jiaoshulang; in the early years of Emperor Yangdi's reign, two positions were reduced, but soon afterward increased to forty. In the Great Tang dynasty, eight Jiaoshulang were appointed; they were responsible for proofreading and correcting classical texts. This was considered an excellent starting position for scholars of literature. The Hongwen and Chongwen Guans, as well as the Zuo hua Ju and Sijing Ju, all had officials responsible for proofreading texts. These were considered prestigious positions, with those in the Mishu Sheng being the most esteemed.
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祕書正字：後漢桓帝初置祕書監，掌圖書古今文字，考合同異。其後監令掌圖籍之紀，監述作之事，不復專文字之任矣。今之正字，蓋令、監之遺職，校書之通制。歷代無聞。齊集書省有正書。北齊祕書省有正字。隋置四人。大唐因之，掌刊正文字，其官資輕重與校書郎同。 |
| | Mishuzhizi: In the early reign of Emperor Huan of the Later Han, the position of Mishujian was first established; it oversaw ancient and modern texts and scripts, examining their similarities and differences. Later, the duties of the Jianling were to oversee records of books and documents as well as compiling works, no longer exclusively responsible for textual matters. The current position of Zhizi is essentially a legacy duty from the Ling and Jian, forming part of the general system of Jiaoshu. There are no records of this in previous dynasties. The Northern Qi Shusheng had the position of Zhengshu. In the Northern Qi, the Mishu Sheng had Zhizi. The Sui dynasty established four positions. In the Great Tang, this system was followed; Zhizi were responsible for correcting and revising texts, with their official rank being equal to that of Jiaoshulang.
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著作郎：漢東京圖書悉在東觀，故使名儒碩學入直東觀，撰述國史，謂之著作東觀，皆以他官領焉，蓋有著作之任，而未為官員也。魏明帝太和中，始置著作郎官，隸中書省，專掌國史。晉元康二年，詔曰：「著作舊屬中書，而祕書既典文籍，宜改中書著作為祕書著作。」於是改隸祕書，後別自置省，而猶隸祕書。著作郎一人，謂之大著作，專掌史任。進賢兩梁冠，介幘，絳朝服。宋、齊與晉同。梁制一梁冠，而無印綬。 |
| | Zuohualang: In the Han dynasty, all books and records of the Eastern Capital were stored at Dongguan; therefore, renowned scholars and learned men were assigned to serve in Dongguan for writing national history. This was called Zuohua Dongguan, but these positions were held by officials from other departments. Thus, there existed a duty of zuohua (writing), although it had not yet been established as an official post. In the middle of Taihe reign period of Emperor Mingdi of Wei, the official position of Zuohualang was first established, under the Zhongshu Sheng, and exclusively responsible for national history. In the second year of Yuankang in the Jin dynasty, an imperial edict stated: "Zuohua was originally under Zhongshu, but since Mishu already oversees literary records, it is appropriate to transfer Zhongshu Zuohua to Mishu." Thus, it was transferred under the jurisdiction of Mishu. Later, a separate office was established; Yet it still remained subordinate to Mishu. One Zuohualang, known as the Da Zuohua, exclusively oversaw historical duties. Jinxian Liangliang Guan, Jie Zhi, Jiang Chao Fu. The Song and Qi dynasties followed the same system as the Jin dynasty. In the Liang dynasty, a Yiliang Guan was worn, but no seal or sash was provided.
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魏氏又置佐著作郎，亦屬中書。晉佐著作郎八人，進賢一梁冠，絳朝服。祕書監自調補之。晉制，佐著作郎始到職，必撰名臣傳一人；宋初，以國朝始建，未有合撰者，其制遂廢矣。宋、齊以來，遂遷「佐」於下，謂之著作佐郎，亦掌國史，集注起居。梁初，周捨、裴子野皆以他官領其職，冠制與大著作同。陳氏為令、僕子起家之選。後魏有著作郎、佐郎。北齊有著作郎、佐郎各二人。後周有著作上士二人，中士四人，掌綴國錄，屬春官之外史。隋於祕書省置著作曹，著作郎二人，佐郎八人，煬帝加佐郎為十二人。大唐為著作局，置著作郎二人，佐郎四人，亦屬祕書省。龍朔二年，改著作郎為司文郎中，佐郎為司文郎，咸亨初復舊。初，著作郎掌修國史及製碑頌之屬，分判局事，佐郎貳之，徒有撰史之名，而實無其任，其任盡在史館矣。其屬官有校書郎二人，後魏著作省置校書郎，北齊著作亦置校書郎二人，隋亦同，掌讎校書籍，若本局無書，兼校本省典籍。正字二人。 |
| | The Wei dynasty also established the position of Zuo Zuohualang, which was also under Zhongshu. In the Jin dynasty, there were eight Zuo Zuohualangs; they wore Jinxian Yiliang Guan and Jiang Chao Fu. The Mishu Jian was responsible for their appointments and replacements. In the Jin system, when a Zuo Zuohualang first assumed office, he must compose a biography of one famous minister; In the early Song dynasty, since it was the beginning of the state and no collaborative compilation had yet taken place, this system eventually fell into disuse. Since the Song and Qi dynasties, "Zuo" was moved to a lower rank and came to be called Zuohuazhuolang; it also oversaw national history and compiled records of imperial activities. In the early Liang dynasty, Zhou She and Pei Ziyue both held this position concurrently with other official posts; their hat system was the same as that of Da Zuohua. In the Chen dynasty, it became a starting post for Ling and Pu Zi (offspring of officials). The Later Wei had Zuohualang and Zuolang. In the Northern Qi, there were two Zuohualangs and two Zuolangs each. The Later Zhou had two Shangshi of Zuohua and four Zhongshi, who were responsible for compiling the national records; they belonged to the Waisi under Chungan. In the Sui dynasty, a Zuohua Cao was established within the Mishu Sheng; there were two Zuohualang and eight Zuolang. Emperor Yangdi increased the number of Zuolang to twelve. In the Great Tang, it became the Zuo hua Ju; two Zuohualang and four Zuolang were appointed. It also belonged to the Mishu Sheng. In the second year of Longshuo, Zuohualang was changed to Sivin Langzhong and Zuolang to Sivinlang; in the early years of Xianheng, the original titles were restored. Initially, Zuohualang were responsible for editing national history and related tasks such as composing steles and eulogies; they oversaw the affairs of the Ju (bureau), with Zuolang assisting them. However, in reality, they had only the title of compiling histories without actual responsibilities—these duties were entirely carried out by the Shiguan. Among its subordinate officials were two Jiaoshulangs. In the Later Wei, the Zuohua Sheng established the position of Jiaoshulang; the Northern Qi also set up two Jiaoshulangs for their Zuohua office, and the Sui dynasty followed this system. They were responsible for proofreading books; if there were no books in the Ju (bureau), they would also proofread documents from the Sheng (province). Two Zhizi.
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太史局令：昔少皞以鳥名官，其鳳鳥氏為曆正。至顓頊，命南正重以司天，北正黎以司地。唐虞之際，羲氏、和氏紹重、黎之後，代序天地。夏有太史終古者，當桀之暴，知其將亡，乃執其圖法而奔於殷。殷太史高勢見紂之亂，載其圖法出奔於周。周官太史掌建邦之六典，正歲年以序事，頒告朔於邦國。又有馮相氏視天文之次序，保章氏掌天文之變。當周宣王時，太史官失其守，而為司馬氏，司馬氏世典周史。惠、襄之閒，司馬氏適晉，晉中軍隨會奔秦，而司馬氏入梁。秦為太史令。漢武置太史公，以司馬談為之，位在丞相上，天下計書，先上太史，副上丞相。談卒，其子遷嗣之。遷死後，宣帝以其官為令，行太史公文書而已。後漢太史令掌天時、星曆；凡歲將終，奏新年曆；凡國祭祀、喪娶之事，掌奏良日及時節禁忌；國有瑞應、災異，則掌記之。秦漢以來，太史之任，蓋併周之太史、馮相、保章三職。自漢、晉、宋、齊，並屬太常，銅印墨綬，進賢一梁冠，絳朝服。梁、陳亦同。後魏、北齊皆如晉、宋。隋曰太史曹，置令、丞各二人，而屬祕書省。煬帝又改曹為監，有令。大唐初，改監為局，置令。龍朔二年，改太史局為祕書閣，改令為郎中，咸亨初復舊。初屬祕書省，久視元年，改為渾天監，不隸麟臺，改令為監，置一人，其年又改為渾儀監。長安二年，復為太史局，又隸麟臺，其監復為太史局令，置二人。景龍二年，復改局為監，而令名不易，不隸祕書。開元二年，復改令為監，改一員為少監。十四年，復為太史局，置令二人，復隸祕書。後又改局為監。 |
| | Taishi Ju Ling: In ancient times, Shaohao named officials after birds; the Fengniao Shi was responsible for calendar and astronomical matters. By the time of Zhuanxu, Nanzheng Zhong was appointed to oversee heavenly phenomena, while Beizheng Li was assigned to manage earthly matters. During the time of Tang and Yu, the Xi Shi and He Shi succeeded Zhong and Li; they took turns overseeing heavenly and earthly matters. In the Xia dynasty, there was a Taishi Zhonggu; foreseeing King Jie's tyranny and knowing that his kingdom would soon fall, he took the charts and regulations with him and fled to Yin. Yin Taishi Gaoshi, witnessing King Zhou's chaos, carried his charts and regulations and fled to the Zhou dynasty. The Zhou dynasty official Taishi was responsible for establishing the six major regulations of the state, determining years and seasons to order affairs, and announcing the beginning of each year to all states. There was also Feng Xiang Shi observed the order of celestial phenomena, while Baozhang Shi managed changes in astronomical events. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, the Taishi officials lost their posts and became part of the Sima Shi; the Sima Shi family then inherited the responsibility for Zhou dynasty records. Between the reigns of King Hui and King Xiang, the Sima Shi migrated to Jin; Jin Zhongjun Sui Hui fled to Qin, while the Sima Shi moved into Liang. In the Qin dynasty, it was known as Taishi Ling. Emperor Wu of Han established the position of Taishigong and appointed Sima Tan to it. The rank was above that of Chancellor; all reports from across the empire were first submitted to the Taishigong, with copies then sent to the Chancellor. After Tan's death, his son Qian succeeded him in this position. After Qian's death, Emperor Xuan changed the title to Ling; it was merely responsible for handling Taishigong documents and no longer held its former authority. In the Later Han, the Taishi Ling was in charge of celestial phenomena and astronomical calculations; At the end of each year, a new calendar for the coming year would be presented. For all national sacrifices and funerals or marriages, it was responsible for recommending auspicious days and observing seasonal taboos; If the state experienced omens of good fortune or disasters and anomalies, they were to be recorded by this office. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the duties of the Taishi have generally combined the three roles of Taishi, Fengxiang, and Baozhang from the Zhou dynasty. Since the Han, Jin, Song, and Qi dynasties, it has been under the Taichang; the seal was made of copper with a black silk sash. The official wore a single-beam scholar's cap (Jinxian yiliang guan) and red court robes. The Liang and Chen dynasties followed the same system. The Northern Wei and Northern Qi both followed the Jin and Song systems. In the Sui dynasty, it was called Taishi Cao; two Ling and two Cheng were appointed, and it belonged to the Mishu Sheng. Emperor Yang changed the Cao to Jian (Office), which had a Ling. In the early years of the Great Tang, the Jian was changed to Ju, and a Ling was appointed. In the second year of Longshuo, the Taishi Ju (Office) was renamed Mishu Ge, and the Ling was changed to Langzhong. In the early years of Xianheng, the old system was restored. Initially, it belonged to the Mishu Sheng; in the first year of Jiushihou, it was renamed Hun Tian Jian and no longer subordinated to Lin Tai. The Ling was changed to Jian, with one person appointed. In that same year, it was again renamed Hun Yi Jian. In the second year of Chang'an, it reverted to Taishi Ju and was once again subordinated to Lin Tai; the Jian position was changed back to Taishi Ju Ling, with two persons appointed. In the second year of Jinglong, the Ju was once again changed to Jian; however, the title Ling remained unchanged and it no longer belonged under Mishu. In the second year of Kaiyuan, the Ling was once again changed to Jian, and one position was renamed Shaolian. In the fourteenth year (of Kaiyuan), it reverted back to Taishi Ju, with two Ling appointed and once again subordinated under Mishu. Later, the Ju was changed once more into Jian.
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丞二人：司馬彪續漢志云，太史有「丞一人」。魏以下歷代皆同。隋置二人，煬帝減一人。大唐初，不置丞，久視初，改為渾儀監，始置丞二人，長安二年又省，景龍二年復置。 |
| | Two Cheng: Sima Biao's continuation of the Han records states that the Taishi had "one Cheng." The Wei dynasty and subsequent dynasties all followed this system. In the Sui, two were appointed; Emperor Yang reduced it to one person. In the early years of Great Tang, no Cheng was appointed. In the first year of Jiushi, when it became Hunyi Jian, two Cheng were first established; in the second year of Chang'an, this position was again reduced, but restored in the second year of Jinglong.
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初，儀鳳四年五月，太常博士、檢校太史姚玄辯奏於陽城測影臺，依古法立八尺表，夏至日中測影有尺五寸，正與古法同。調露元年十一月，於陽城立表，冬至日中測影，得丈二尺七寸。 |
| | Initially, in the fifth month of the fourth year of Yifeng, Taichang Bohu and Jianjiao Taishi Yao Xuandan presented a report to the emperor that at Yangcheng's Shadow Measuring Platform, an eight chi gnomon was erected according to ancient methods. On the day of summer solstice at noon, the shadow measured one chi five cun, exactly matching the ancient method. In the eleventh month of the first year of Diaolu, a gnomon was set up in Yangcheng. On winter solstice at noon, they measured the shadow to be one zhang two chi seven cun.
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| | 祕書監: |
開元十二年四月，命太史監南宮說及太史官大相元太等馳傳往安南、朗、蔡、蔚等州測候日影，迴日奏聞。數年伺候，及還京，僧一行一時校之，安南景，北極高二十一度六分，冬至日影七尺九寸四分，春秋二分影二尺九寸三分，夏至影在表南三寸三分。蔚州橫野軍，北極高四十度，冬至影丈五尺八寸九分，春秋二分影六尺二分，夏至影在表北二尺二寸九分。此二所為中土南北之極。其朗、襄、蔡、許、河南府、汴、滑、太原等州，各有使往，並差不同。一行以南北日影校量，用句股法算之，云大約南北極相去纔八萬餘里。其諸州測影尺寸如左： |
| | In the fourth month of the twelfth year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong ordered Taishi Jian Nan Gong Yue and other Taishi officials such as Daixiang Yuantai to travel urgently by imperial messenger to Annan, Lang, Cai, and Yu Prefectures to measure solar shadows. Upon their return, they submitted a report. After several years of observation, upon their return to the capital, Master Yi Xing immediately examined the data. In Annan, the altitude of the North Star was 21 degrees and six fen; on winter solstice, the shadow length was seven chi nine cun four fen; during spring and autumn equinoxes, it measured two chi nine cun three fen; and on summer solstice, the shadow extended south of the gnomon by three chi three fen. In Hengye Jun of Yu Zhou, the altitude of the North Pole was forty degrees; on winter solstice the shadow measured one zhang five chi eight cun nine fen. On spring and autumn equinox it was six chi two fen, and on summer solstice the shadow extended north of the gnomon by two chi two cun nine fen. These two locations marked the northernmost and southernmost extremes within Central China. In Lang, Xiang, Cai, Xu, Henan Fu, Bian, Hua, Taiyuan and other prefectures, envoys were sent to each location, and the measurements differed from one another. Yi Xing used solar shadow measurements at different latitudes and applied the gougu method (Pythagorean theorem) to calculate that, approximately, the distance between the North and South Poles was only over 80,000 li. The shadow measurements in chi and cun for these various prefectures are as follows:
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| | 祕書監: |
林邑國，北極高十七度。 |
| | Linyi Guo, the altitude of the North Celestial Pole is 17 degrees.
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| | 祕書監: |
安南都護府，北極高二十一度六分。 |
| | Annan Duhu Fu, altitude of North Celestial Pole 21 degrees six fen.
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朗州武陵，北極高二十九度五分。 |
| | Lang Zhou Wuling, altitude of the North Celestial Pole 29 degrees five fen.
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襄州， |
| | Xiang Zhou,
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蔡州武津館，北極高三十三度八分。 |
| | Cai Zhou Wujin Guan, altitude of North Pole 33 degrees eight fen.
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許州扶溝，北極高三十四度三分。 |
| | Xu Zhou Fugou, altitude of North Star 34 degrees three fen.
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河南府告成，北極高三十四度七分。 |
| | Henan Fu Gaicheng, altitude of North Star 35 degrees seven fen.
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汴州浚儀太嶽臺，北極高三十四度八分。 |
| | Bian Zhou Junyi Taiyue Tai, altitude of North Star 36 degrees eight fen.
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滑州白馬，北極高三十五度三分。 |
| | Hua Zhou Baima, altitude of North Star 37 degrees three fen.
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太原府， |
| | Taiyuan Fu,
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蔚州橫野軍，北極高四十度。 |
| | Yu Zhou Hengye Jun, altitude of North Star forty degrees.
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殿中監 |
| | Dianzhong Jian
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| | 祕書監: |
魏置殿中監官，晉、宋並同。齊有內外殿中監各八人，梁、陳因之，其資品極下。後魏亦有殿中監。北齊有殿中局，置監四人，屬門下省，掌駕前奉引。隋改為殿內局，置監二人。大業三年，分門下、太僕二司，取殿內監名，以為殿內省，有監、少監、丞各一人，掌諸供奉，領尚食、尚藥、尚衣、尚舍、尚乘、尚輦等六局。每局各置奉御二人以總之，置直長以貳之，屬門下省。大唐改為殿中省，加置少監二人，丞亦二人。其官局職任，一如隋制，為一司，不屬門下。龍朔二年，改殿中省為中御府，改監為中御大監、少監，改丞為中御大夫，咸亨初復舊。 |
| | The Wei dynasty established the Dianzhong Jian officials; the Jin and Song dynasties followed this system as well. In the Qi dynasty, there were eight Dianzhong Jian officers each for internal and external duties; the Liang and Chen dynasties inherited this system, though their ranks were extremely low. The Northern Wei also had a Dianzhong Jian. In the Northern Qi, there was a Dianzhong Ju (Office), with four Jian appointed; it belonged to Menxia Sheng and was responsible for guiding before the emperor's carriage. In the Sui dynasty, this office was renamed Diannei Ju, with two Jian appointed. In the third year of Daye, the Menxia and Taifu departments were divided; taking the name Diannei Jian, it became known as Diannei Sheng. It had one Jian, one Shaolian, and one Cheng, responsible for various attendants and overseeing Shangshi, Shangy Yao, Shangi, Shangshe, Shangcheng, Shangnian et al., totaling six Ju (offices). Each Ju was assigned two Fengyu officers to oversee it, and Zhichang officers were appointed as their deputies; they belonged to the Menxia Sheng. The Da Tang dynasty changed this into Dianzhong Sheng, adding two Shaolian and also appointing two Cheng. Its official Ju (office) duties were exactly the same as in the Sui system, forming one Si (department), no longer belonging to Menxia. In the second year of Longshuo, Dianzhong Sheng was renamed Zhongyu Fu; Jian were changed to Zhongyu Dajian and Shaolian; Cheng were changed to Zhongyu Daifu. In the early years of Xianheng, the old titles were restored.
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丞：隋置一人。大唐加一人。 |
| | Cheng: One person was appointed in the Sui dynasty. The Da Tang added one more person.
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尚食局奉御：始秦置六尚，有尚食焉。後漢以後，并其職於太官、湯官。北齊門下省又有尚食局，置典御二人。後周有內膳上士、中士，凡進食，先嘗之。隋分屬殿內，改典御為奉御，有二人。大唐因之，龍朔二年，改為奉膳大夫，咸亨初復舊。直長：隋置六人，大唐因之，減置五人。 |
| | Shangshi Ju Fengyu: The Qin dynasty first established six "Shang," among which was Shangshi. After the Later Han, these duties were merged into Taiguan and Tangguan. The Northern Qi Menxia Sheng also had a Shangshi Ju, with two Dianyu appointed. The Later Zhou had Neishan Shangshi and Zhongshi; whenever food was presented, it was tasted first by them. In the Sui dynasty, they were transferred to Diannei, and Dianyu was renamed Fengyu; two officers were appointed. The Da Tang followed this system; in the second year of Longshuo it was changed to Fengshan Daifu, and in the early years of Xianhen the old title was restored. Zhichang: Six were appointed in the Sui; the Da Tang followed this, but reduced it to five.
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尚藥局奉御：自梁、陳以後，皆太醫兼其職。北齊門下省有典御二人。隋如北齊之制，後改為奉御，而屬殿內。大唐因之，龍朔二年，改為奉醫大夫，咸亨初復舊。直長：隋置四人，大唐因之。 |
| | Shangyao Ju Fengyu: Since the Liang and Chen dynastie, all duties were combined with those of Taishi. The Northern Qi Menxia Sheng had two Dianyu officers. The Sui followed the system of the Northern Qi, later changing it to Fengyu and placing it under Diannei. The Da Tang continued this practice; in the second year of Longhuo, it was changed to Fengyi Daifu, and restored to its original title at the beginning of Xianheng. Zhichang: Four were appointed in the Sui, and the Da Tang followed suit.
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尚衣局奉御：周官有司服中士，掌王之服，辨其名物。戰國有尚衣、尚冠之職。秦漢有御府令、丞，掌供御服，而屬少府。後漢又掌宦者，典官婢，作中衣服。魏因之。晉屬光祿勳，江東省。宋大明中，改尚方曰左右御府，各置令、丞一人。後廢帝初，省御府，置中署，隸右尚方，其後又置。初，宋氏用三品勳位，明帝改用二品，準南臺御史，掌金銀綵帛，凡諸造作以供奉及妃主六宮。梁、陳其職隸在尚方。後魏有掌服郎。北齊門下省統主衣局，都統、子統各二人。後周有司服上士二人，中士二人。隋分屬殿內省，其後又改為尚衣局，置奉御二人。大唐因之，龍朔二年，改為奉冕大夫，咸亨元年復舊。直長：隋置八人，大唐因之，減二人。 |
| | Shangi Ju Fengyu: The Zhou dynasty had Zhifu Zhongshi, who was in charge of the king's clothing and distinguished their names and items. During the Warring States period, there were officials responsible for Shangi and Shanggan. The Qin and Han dynasties had Yufu Ling and Cheng, who managed the emperor's clothing and belonged to Shaofu. In the Later Han, they also oversaw eunuchs, managed palace servants, and produced clothes for the inner court. The Wei dynasty followed this system. In the Jin dynasty, it belonged to Guanglu Xun; in Jiangdong, it was abolished. During the Daming period of the Song dynasty, Shangfang was renamed Zuoyou Yufu, with one Ling and one Cheng appointed for each. At the beginning of the reign of the Later Didi, Yufu was abolished and Zhongshu was established instead, subordinated to You Shangfang; later it was reestablished. Initially, the Song dynasty used third-grade military ranks; Emperor Mingdi changed it to second-grade, equivalent to Nan Tai Yushi. They were in charge of gold, silver, brocade and silk fabrics, overseeing all production for imperial offerings as well as for empresses, consorts, and the Six Palaces. In the Liang and Chen dynastes, these duties were subordinated to Shangfang. The Northern Wei had Zhangfu Lang (official in charge of clothing). In the Northern Qi Menxia Sheng, Zhuyi Ju was under its jurisdiction, with two Dudong and two Zitong appointed. The Later Zhou had two Zhifu Shangshi and two Zhifu Zhongshi. In the Sui dynasty, these duties were transferred to Diannei Sheng; later they were changed again into Shangi Ju, with two Fengyu appointed. The Da Tang followed this practice; in the second year Longshuo it was renamed Fengmian Daifu, and restored to the original title in the first year of Xianheng. Zhichang: Eight were appointed in the Sui dynasty; the Da Tang followed, but reduced it by two.
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尚舍局奉御：周禮有掌舍，掌行所解止之處，帷幕幄帟之事。漢少府屬官有守宮令、丞，掌宮殿陳設。魏殿中監掌帳設監護之事。晉、宋以下。其職並在殿中監。隋煬帝置殿內監，改殿內局為尚舍局，置奉御二人。大唐因之，龍朔二年，改為奉扆大夫，咸亨元年復舊。直長：隋置八人，大唐因之，而減二人。 |
| | Shangshe Ju Fengyu: The Zhou Li had Zhangshe, who was responsible for the places where the emperor stopped during travel and matters related to tents, canopies, and curtains. In the Han dynasty, Shaofu had subordinate officials such as Shougong Ling and Cheng, in charge of palace decorations and arrangements. The Wei Dianzhong Jian was responsible for matters related to tent setup and supervision. Jin, Song dynasties and later periods followed this system. Their duties were all under the Dianzhong Jian (Office of Palace Supervision). Emperor Yangdi of the Sui dynasty established the Diannei Jian and renamed the Diannei Ju as Shangshe Ju, appointing two Fengyu. The Da Tang followed this; in the second year of Longhshuo it was changed to Fenyi Daifu, and restored in the first year of Xienheng. Zhichang: Eight were appointed during the Sui dynasty; this was followed by the Da Tang, but with two fewer positions.
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尚乘局奉御：自秦漢以來，其職皆在太僕。北齊太僕驊騮署，有奉乘十人，管十二閑馬。隋煬帝取之，置尚乘局，署奉御二人。大唐因之，增置奉御四人。龍朔二年，改為奉駕大夫，咸亨元年復舊。開元中減二人，先是別置閑廄使，因隸焉，猶屬殿中。直長：隋置十四人，大唐減四人。 |
| | Shangcheng Ju Fengyu: Since the Qin and Han dynasties, these duties had always been under Taifu (Ministry of War). In the Northern Qi dynasty, the Taifu Huailou Shu had ten Fengcheng officers in charge of twelve stables' horses. Emperor Yangdi of Sui adopted this system and established the Shangcheng Ju, appointing two Fengy officers to it. The Da Tang followed suit, adding four more Fengyu positions. In the second year of Longshu, it was changed to Fongjia Daifu; in the first year of Xiangheng, it reverted back to its original name. During the Kaiyuan period, two positions were reduced; previously, a separate Xianjiu Shi (Stable Officer) had been established and was thus subordinated to them, still belonging to Dianzhong. Zhichang: Fourteen were appointed in the Sui Dynasty; the Da Tang reduced it by four.
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尚輦局奉御：周官小司徒中大夫，掌六畜車輦。又宗伯巾車下大夫，掌王后之五輅輦車，組輓有翣羽蓋。漢、魏、晉並太僕屬官，車府令掌之。東晉省太僕，遂隸尚書駕部。宋齊梁陳車府，乘黃令、丞掌之。後魏、北齊則乘黃、車府令兼掌之。後周則司車輅主之。隋又乘黃車府令、丞掌之，煬帝置殿內省尚輦局，奉御二人。大唐因之，龍朔二年改為奉輦大夫，咸亨元年復舊。直長：四人，隋置，大唐因之。 |
| | Shangnian Ju Fengyu: In Zhou dynasty, Zhongdafa of Xiaosiku was in charge of six types of livestock and carriages. Also, the Xiaodafa under Zongbo Jinchē was in charge of five types of carriages and sedan chairs for the queen consort, with embroidered harnesses and feathered canopies. In the Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties they were subordinate officials under Taifu; Chefu Ling was in charge of them. During the Eastern Jin dynasty, Taifu was abolished and these duties fell under Shangshu Jia Bu (Ministry of Transport). In the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties, Chefu, Chenghuang Ling and Cheng were in charge. The Northern Wei and Northern Qi had both Chenghuang and Chefu Ling jointly oversee them. In the Later Zhou, this was managed by Sichelu Zhuzhi. In the Sui dynasty it was again overseen by Chenghuang Chefu Ling and Cheng; Emperor Yangdi established Diannei Sheng Shangnian Ju, appointing two Fengyu officers. The Da Tang followed this system. In the second year of Longshuo era it was changed to Fengnian Daifu, but in the first year of Xihan it reverted back to its former title. Zhichang: Four were appointed during the Sui Dynasty and this was continued by the Da Tang.
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