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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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《職官二十二》

 英文翻譯：人工智能和中國哲學書電子化計劃用戶 [?] 電子圖書館

《秩品五 - Rank Category 5 》

 英文翻譯：人工智能和中國哲學書電子化計劃用戶 [?] 電子圖書館
1 秩品五:
大唐
Tang Dynasty

2 秩品五:
大唐官品：開元二十五年制定。
The official ranks of the Tang dynasty: established in the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan.

3 秩品五:
流內：正一品：太師　太傅　太保　太尉　司徒　司空　王爵
Liu Nei: Zheng Yi Pin: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Taiwei, Siku, Sikong, Wang title of nobility

4 秩品五:
從一品：開府儀同三司文散　太子太師　太子太傅　太子太保　驃騎大將軍武散　嗣王、郡王爵　國公爵
Cong Yi Pin: Kaifu Yitong San Si civil title, Taizi Taishi, Taizi Taifu, Taizi Taibao, Piaoqi Dajiangjun military title, Siwang, Junwang title of nobility, Guogong title of nobility.

5 秩品五:
正二品：特進文散　輔國大將軍武散　開國郡公爵　上柱國勳
Zheng Er Pin: Tejin civil title, Fuguo Dajiangjun military rank, Kai Guo Jun Gong title of nobility, Shangzhugu meritorious service.

6 秩品五:
從二品：尚書左右僕射　太子少師　太子少傅　太子少保　京兆河南太原府牧　大都督　大都護　光祿大夫文散　鎮軍大將軍武散　開國縣公爵　柱國勳
Cong Er Pin: Shangshu Zuoyou Puye, Taizi Shaoshi, Taizi Shaofu, Taizi Shaobao, Jingzhao Henan Taiyuan Fu Mu, Dadudu, Daduhu, Guanglu Dafu civil title, Zhenjun Dajiangjun military officer, Kai Guo Xian Gong title of nobility, Zhugu meritorious service

7 秩品五:
正三品：侍中　中書令　吏部尚書　左右衛、左右驍衛、左右武衛、左右威衛、左右領軍衛、左右金吾衛、左右監門衛、左右羽林軍、左右千牛衛等大將軍　戶部、禮部、兵部、刑部、工部尚書　太子賓客　太常卿　太子詹事　中都督　上都護　金紫光祿大夫文散　冠軍大將軍武散　懷化大將軍　上護軍勳
Zheng San Pin: Shizhong, Zhongshuling, Lishi Shangshu, Zuoyou Wei, Zuoyou Xiao Wei, Zuoyou Wu Wei, Zuoyou Wei Wei, Zuoyou Lingjun Wei, Zuoyou Jinwu Wei, Zuoyou Jianmen Wei, Zuoyou Yulin Jun, Zuoyou Qinniu Wei Dajiangjun, Hushu, Libu, Bingbu, Xingbu, Gongbu Shangshu, Taizi Binkè, Taichang Qing, Taizi Zhan Shi, Zhong Dudu, Shang Dunhu, Jinzi Guanglu Dafu Civil title, Guanjun Dajiangjun Military officer, Huaihua Dajiangjun, Shang Hujun Meritorious service.

8 秩品五:
從三品：御史大夫　祕書監　光祿、衛尉、宗正、太僕、大理、鴻臚、司農、太府卿　左右散騎常侍　國子祭酒　殿中監　少府監　將作大匠　諸衛羽林千牛將軍　下都督　上州刺史大都督府長史　大都護府副都護　親王傅　銀青光祿大夫文散　開國侯爵　雲麾將軍武散歸德將軍　護軍勳
Cong San Pin: Yushi Dafu, Mishi Jian, Guanglu, Weiyi, Zongzheng, Taifu, Dali, Honglu, Sinong, Taifu Qing, Zuoyou Sanchi Changshi, Guizi Jiao, Dianzhong Jian, Shaofu Jian, Jiangzuo Dajiang, Zhu Wei Yulin Qinniu Jiangjun, Xia Dudu, Shang Zhou Zhishi Dadudu Fu Zhangshi, Daduhu Fu Fuduhu, Qinwang Fu, Yinqing Guanglu Dafu civil rank, Kai Guo Hou title of nobility, Yunhui Jiangjun military title Guide Jiangjun, Hujun meritorious service.

9 秩品五:
正四品：黃門侍郎　中書侍郎　尚書左丞　尚書吏部侍郎　太常少卿　太子左庶子　太子少詹事　太子左右衛、左右司禦、左右清道、左右內率、左右監門率府率　中州刺史　軍器監　上都護府副都護　上府折衝都尉　正議大夫文散　開國伯爵　忠武將軍武散上輕車都尉勳
Zheng Si Pin: Huangmen Shilang, Zhongshu Shilang, Shangshu Zuo Cheng, Shangshu Lishi Shilang, Taichang Shaqing, Taizi Zuoshuzi, Taizi Shaozhan Shi, Taizi Zuoyou Wei, Zuoyoushiyu, Zuoyou Qingdao, Zuoyou Neilv, Zuoyou Jianmén Lü Fu Lü, Zhong Zhou Zhishi, Junqi Jian, Shang Dunhu Fu Fuduhu, Shang Fu Zhechong Duyi, Zhengyi Dafu civil official, Kai Guo Bo title of nobility, Zhuwu Jiangjun military official Shang Qingche Duyi meritorious service.

10 秩品五:
以前上階：尚書右丞　尚書中司侍郎　太子右庶子　太子左右諭德　左右千牛衛、左右監門衛中郎將　親勳翊衛羽林中郎將　下州刺史　通議大夫文散　壯武將軍武散
Previously, the higher rank: Shangshu You Cheng, Shangshu Zhongsi Shilang, Taizi You Shuzi, Taizi Zuoyou Yu De, Zuoyou Qinniu We, Zuoyou Jianmen We Zhonglang Jiang, Qin Xun Yi Wei Yulin Zhonglang Jiang, Xia Zhou Zhishi, Tongyi Dafu civil title Zhuangwu Jiangjun military rank.

11 秩品五:
從四品：祕書少監　八寺少卿　殿中少監　太子家令　太子親勳翊衛中郎將　太子左右衛、司禦、清道、內率、監門副率　太子率更令　太子僕　內侍　大都護府、親王府長史太中大夫文散　宣威將軍武散　輕車都尉勳
Cong Si Pin: Mishi Shaolian, Ba Si Shaoqing, Dianzhong Shaolian, Taizi Jialing, Taizi Qin Xun Yi Wei Zhonglang Jiang, Taizi Zuoyou We, Shi Yu, Qingdao, Neilv, Jianmen Furang, Taizi Lügeng Ling, Taizi Pu, Neishi, Daduhu Fu, Qinwang Fu Zhangshi Tai Zhong Dafu civil title, Xuanwei Jiangjun military officer Qingche Duyi Meritorious Service.

12 秩品五:
以前上階：國子司業　少府少監　將作少匠　京兆河南太原府少尹　上州別駕　大都督大都護府、親王府司馬　中府折衝都尉　中大夫文散　明威將軍武散
Previously, the higher rank: Guizi Siye, Shaofu Shaolian, Jiangzuo Shaojiang, Jingzhao Henantaiyuan Fu Shaoyin, Shang Zhou Biejia, Dadudu Daduhu Fu, Qin Wang Fu Sima, Zhongfu Zhechong Duyi Zhongdafu civil title, Mingwei Jiangjun military.

13 秩品五:
正五品：諫議大夫　御史中丞　國子博士　給事中　中書舍人　太子中允　太子左右贊善大夫　都水使者　萬年長安河南洛陽太原晉陽奉先縣令　親勳翊衛羽林郎將　中都督、上都護府長史　親王府諮議參軍　親王府典軍　中散大夫文散　開國子爵　定遠將軍武散　上騎都尉勳
Zheng Wu Pin: Jianyi Dafu, Yushi Zhongcheng, Guizi Bohu, Geishi Zhong, Zhongshu She Ren, Taizi Zhongyun, Taizi Zuoyou Zanshan Dafu, Duishui Shizhe, Wannian Chang'an Henan Luoyang Taiyuan Jinyang Fengxian Xianling, Qin Xun Ying Wei Yulin Langjiang, Zhong Dudu, shang Dunhu Fu Zhangshi, Qinwang Fu Zi Yi Cenjun, Qinwang Fu Dianjun, Zhongsan Dafu civil Kai Guo Zi title of nobility, Dingyuan Jiangjun military, Shang Qi Duyi meritorious.

14 秩品五:
以前上階：太子中舍人　尚食、尚藥奉御　太子親勳翊衛郎將　內常侍　中都督上都護府司馬中州別駕　下府折衝都尉　朝議大夫文散　寧遠將軍武散
Previously, the higher rank: Taizi Zhongshe Ren, Shangshi, Shangyao Fengyu, Taizi Qin Xun Ying Wei Langjiang, Neichangshi, Zhong Dudu Shang Dunhu Fu Sima Zhong Zhou Biejia Xiafu Zhechong Duyin Chaoyi Dafu civil, Ningyuan Jiangjun martial.

15 秩品五:
從五品：尚書左右司諸司郎中　祕書丞　著作郎　太子洗馬　殿中丞　尚衣、尚舍、尚乘、尚輦奉御　獻陵、昭陵、乾陵、恭陵、定陵、橋陵等令　親王府副典軍　下都督府、上州長史下州別駕　朝請大夫文散　開國男爵　凡九等　游騎將軍武散　騎都尉勳
Cong Wu Pin: Shangshu Zuoyousi Zhusi Langzhong, Mishi Cheng, Zuo Zuo Lang, Taizi Xima, Dianzhong Cheng, Shangyi, Shangshe, Shangcheng, Shangnian Fengyu, Xianling, Zhaoling, Qiling, Gongling, Dingling, Qiaoling deng ling, Qinwang Fu Fudianjun, Xia Dudu Fu, shang zhou zhangshi xia zhou biejia Chaqing Dafu civil kai guo nan title of nobility (total nine ranks) Youqi Jiangjun military Qiduyi meritorious services.

16 秩品五:
以前上階：大理正　太常丞　太史令　內給事　太子典內　上牧監　下都督府、上州司馬　駙馬都尉　奉車都尉　親王友　宮苑總監　上府果毅都尉　朝散大夫文散　游擊將軍武散
Previously, the higher rank: Dali Zheng, Taichang Cheng, Taishi Ling, Neigeishi, Taizi Diannei, Shangmu Jian, Xia Dudu Fu, Shang Zhou Sima, Huma Duyi, Fengche Duyi, Qinwang You, Gongyuan Zongjian, Shangfu Guoyi Duyi Chaosan Dafu civil officer Youji Jiangjun military]].

17 秩品五:
正六品：太學博士　太子詹事丞　太子司議郎　太子舍人　中州長史　親勳翊衛校尉太子典膳藥藏郎　京兆、河南、太原府諸縣令　鎮軍兵滿二萬人以上司馬　朝議郎文散昭武校尉武散　驍騎尉勳　親王府掾屬　武庫中尚署令　諸衛左右司階　中府果毅都尉
Zheng Liu Pin: Taixue Bohu, Taizi Zhanshi Cheng, Taizi Siyi Lang, Taizi She Ren, Zhong Zhou Zhangshi, Qin Xun Ying Wei Jiao Wei, Taizi Dianshao Yao Cang Lang, Jingzhao, Henan, Taiyuan Fu Zhu Xianling, Zhenjun Bing Man Er Wan Ren Shang Sima Chaoyi Lang civil Zhao Wu Jiaowei military, Xiaoqi Wei meritorious, Qinwang Fu Yuanshu, Wuku Zhongshang Shu Ling, Zhu Wei Zuoyou Sijie, Zhongfu Guoyi Duyin.

18 秩品五:
以前上階：千牛備身　備身左右　太子文學　下州長史　中州司馬　內謁者監　中牧監　上牧副監　上鎮將　承議郎文散　昭武副尉武散
Previously, the higher rank: Qinniu Beishen, Beishen Zuoyou, Taizi Wenxue, Xia Zhou Zhangshi, Zhong Zhou Sima, Neiyazhe Jian, Zhongmu Jian, Shangmu Fujian, Shang Zhenjiang Chengyi Lang civil Zhaowu Fuyi military

19 秩品五:
從六品：起居郎　起居舍人　尚書諸司員外郎　八寺丞　大理司直　國子助教　城門郎符寶郎　通事舍人　祕書郎　著作佐郎　侍御醫　諸衛羽林長史　兩京市令　下州司馬　左右監門校尉　親勳翊衛旅帥　親王文學　親王府主簿、記室、錄事參軍諸州上縣令　諸率府左右司階　鎮軍兵不滿二萬人司馬　奉議郎文散　振威校尉武散飛騎尉勳
Cong Liu Pin: Qiju Lang, Qiju She Ren, Shangshu Zhu Si Yuanwai Lang, Ba Si Cheng, Dali Sizhi, Guizi Zhujiao, Chengmen Lang Fubao Lang, Tongshi She Ren, Mishi Lang, Zuozuo Zuo Lang, Shiyuyi, Zhu Wei Yulin Zhangshi, Liangjing Shi Ling, Xia Zhou Sima, Zuoyou Jian Men Jiaowei, Qin Xun Yingwei Lüshuai, Qinwang Wenxue, Qinwang Fu Zhubu, Jishi, Lushi Cenjun Zhu Zhou Shang Xianling, Zhu Lüfu Zuoyousijie Zhenjun Bing Bu Man Er Wan Ren Sima Fengyi Lang civil Zhenwei Jiaowei martial, Feiqi Wei meritorious service]].

20 秩品五:
以前上階：侍御史　少府、將作、國子監丞　太公廟令　太子內直、典設、宮門郎　司農寺諸園苑監　王府校尉　下牧監　宮苑總監副監　互市監　中牧副監　下府果毅都尉　通直郎文散　振威副尉武散
Previously, the higher rank: Shiyushi, Shaofu, Jiangzuo, Guizi Jian Cheng, Taigong Miao Ling, Taizi Neizhi, Dianshe, Gongmen Lang, Sinong Si Zhu Yuanyuan Jian, Wangfu Jiaowei, Xia Mu Jian, Gongyuan Zongjiam Fu Jian, Hushi Jian, Zhongmu Fujian, Xiafu Guoyi Duying Tongzhi Lang civil Zhenweifuwei military]].

21 秩品五:
正七品：四門博士　詹事司直　左右千牛衛長史　尚食、尚藥直長　太子左右衛、司禦、清道率府長史　軍器監丞　太子千牛　諸州中縣令　親勳翊衛隊正　京兆河南太原府司錄參軍　大都督大都護府錄事參軍　親勳翊衛副隊正　中鎮將　親王府諸曹參軍親衛　朝請郎文散　致果校尉武散　雲騎尉勳
Zheng Qi Pin: Simen Bohu, Zhanshi Sizhi, Zuoyou Qinniuwei Zhangshi, Shangshi, Shuangyao Zhilang, Taizi Zuoyouwei, Shi Yu, Qing Dao Lü Fu Zhangshi, Junqi Jian Cheng, Taizi Qinniu, Zhu Zhou Zhong Xianling, Qinxun Ying Wei Dui Zheng, Jingzhao Henan taiyuan fu silu cenjun, Dadudu daduhu fu lushi cenjun, qinxun yingwei fudui zheng, zhong zhenjiang, qinwang fu zhu cao cenjun qingwei Chaqing Lang civil Zhiguo Jiaowei miliary, Yunqi Wei meritorious]].

22 秩品五:
以前上階：尚衣、尚舍、尚乘、尚輦直長　太子通事舍人　內寺伯　京兆河南太原府、大都督、大都護府諸曹參軍　中都督、上都護府錄事參軍　諸倉、諸冶、司竹、溫湯監　諸衛左右中候　上府別將、司史　上鎮副　下鎮將　下牧副監　宣德郎文散　致果副尉武散
Previously, the higher rank: Shangyi, Shangsuo, Shangcheng, shangnian zhilang Taizi Tongshi She Ren Neisibai Jingzhao Henan Taiyuant Fu, Dadudu, daduhu fu zhu cao cen jun Zhongdudu, shang dunhu fu lushi cen jun Zhu Cang, Zhu Ye, Sizhu, Wentang Jian Zhu Wei Zuoyou Zhonghou Shangfu Biejiang, Sishi Shangzhen Fu Xia Zhenjiang Xia Mu Fujian Xuande Lang civil Zhiguo Fuyi martial]].

23 秩品五:
從七品：殿中侍御史　左右補闕　太常博士　太學助教　門下省錄事　尚書都事　中書省主書　九寺主簿　太子詹事主簿　左右監門直長　太子左右內率、監門率府長史太子侍醫　太子三寺丞　都水監丞　諸州中下縣令　親王府東西閤祭酒　京縣丞　下都督府、上州錄事參軍　中都督、上都護府諸曹參軍　中府別將、長史　中鎮副　勳衛太子親衛　朝散郎文散　翊麾校尉武散　武騎尉勳　凡二十轉
Cong Qi Pin: Dianzhong Shiyushi, Zuoyou Buque, Taichang Bohu, Taixue Zhujiao, Menxia Sheng Lushi, Shangshu Du Shi, Zhongshusheng Zhushu, Jiusi Zhubu, Taizi Zhanshi Zhubu, Zuoyou Jianmen Zhilang, Taizi zuoyou Neilv, jianmen lüfu zhangshi taizi shiyi, taizi sansi cheng, doushuijian cheng, Zhu Zhou Zhongxia Xianling, qinwang fu dongxi ge jiao, jing xiancheng, Xia Dudu Fu Shangzhou Lushi Cenjun, Zhongdudu Shang Dunhu Fu Zhucao Cenjun, zhongfu biejiang zhangshi zhongzhen fu xunwei taizi qingwei Chaosan Lang civil Yihui Jiaowei militar, Wuqi Wei meritorious (total twenty ranks).

24 秩品五:
以前上階：太史局丞　御史臺、少府、將作、國子監主簿　掖庭、宮闈局令　上署令郊社、太樂、鼓吹、太醫、太官、左藏、乘黃、典廄、典客、上林、太倉、平準、常平、左尚、右尚、典牧。　諸州下縣令　太廟諸陵署丞　司農寺諸園苑副監　太子左右監門直長　宮苑總監丞　下都督府諸曹參軍太子內坊丞　親王國令　公主家令　上州諸司參軍　親王府旅帥　下府別將、長史下鎮副　諸屯監　諸率府左右中候　鎮軍兵滿二萬人以上諸曹判司　諸折衝府校尉宣義郎文散　翊麾副尉武散
Previously, the higher rank: Taishi Ju Cheng, Yushi Tai, Shaofu, Jiangzu, Guizi Jian Zhubu, Yeting, Gongwei Ju Ling, Shangshuling Jiaoshe, Tailve, Guchui, Taiyi, Taiguan, Zuocang, Chenghuang, Dianjiu, Dianke, Shangling, Taicang, Pingzhun, Changping, Zuoshang, Youshang, Dianmu. Zhu Zhou Xia Xianling, Taitemiao Zhu Ling Shu Cheng, Sinong Si Zhu Yuanyuan Fujian, Taizi Zuoyou Jianmen Zhi Chang, Gongyuan Zongan Cheng, Xia Dudu Fu Zhu Cao Cenjun, Taizi Neifang Cheng, Qinwang Guo Ling, Gongzhu Jialing, Shang Zhou Zhu Si Cenjun, Qin Wang Fu Lüshuai, Xiafu Biejiang, Zhangshi Xia Zhenfu Zhu Tunjian, Zhu Lüfuyou Zhonghou, Zhenjun Bingman Er Wan Ren Shang Zhucao Panshi, Zhu Zhechong Fu Jiaowei Xuanyi Lang civil, Yihui Fuyi military]].

25 秩品五:
正八品：監察御史　協律郎　諸衛羽林錄事參軍　中署令鉤盾、右藏、織染、掌冶。　中州錄事參軍　翊衛　太子勳衛　大醫署醫博士　太子典膳藥藏丞　軍器監主簿　武庫署丞兩京市署丞　上牧監丞　親王府執仗　執乘親事　鎮軍兵不滿二萬以上諸曹判司　給事郎文散　宣節校尉武散
Zheng Ba Pin: Jiancha Yushi, Xielv Lang, Zhu Wei Yulin Lushi Cenjun Zhongshuling Goudun, Youcang, Zhiran, Zhangye. Zhong Zhou Lushi Cenjun Yingwei Taizi Xunwei Dayi Shu Yi Bohu Taizi Dianshao Yaocang Cheng Junqi Jian Zhubu Wuku Shu Cheng Liangjing Shi Shu Cheng Shangmu Jian Cheng Qinwang Fu Zhizhang Zhicheng Qingshi Zhenjun Bing Bu Man er wan shang zhucao panshi Geishi Lang civil Xuanjie Jiaowei miltary]].

26 秩品五:
以前上階：奚官、內僕、內府局令　下署令太卜　廩犧　珍羞　良醞　掌醢　守宮　武器　車府　司儀崇玄　導官　左校　中校　右校　甄官　河渠　弩坊　甲坊　備身　諸衛羽林諸曹參軍　中州諸司參軍　親王府、京兆河南太原府、大都督大都護府參軍　尚藥局司醫　京兆河南太原諸縣丞　太子內直宮門局丞　太公廟丞　諸宮農圃監　互市監丞　司竹副監　司農寺諸園苑監丞　靈臺郎　上戍主　諸衛左右司戈　徵事郎文散　宣節副尉武散
Previously, the higher rank: Xi Guan, Neipu, Neifu Ju Ling Xia Shuling Taibu, Linxi, Zhenxiu, Liangyun, Zhanghai, Shou Gong, Wuqi, Chufu, Siyi Chongxuan, Dao Guan, Zuoxiao, Zhongxiao, Youxiao, Zhen Guan, Hequ, Nu Fang, Jiafang Beishen Zhu Wei Yulin Zhucao Cenjun Zhong Zhou Zhu Si Cen jun Qinwang Fu Jingzhao Henan Taiyuan Fu Dadudu Daduhu fu cenjun Shangyao Ju Suiyi Jingzhao henan taiyuant zhu xiancheng Taizi Neizhi Gongmenju Cheng Taigong Miao Cheng Zhu Gong Nongpu Jian Hushi Jian Cheng Sinong Si Zhu Yuanyuancheng Lingtai Lang Shangshu Zhu Zhu Wei Zuoyousige Zhengshi Lang civil Xuanjue Fuyi miltary]].

27 秩品五:
從八品：左右拾遺　太醫署針博士　四門助教　左右千牛衛錄事參軍　下州錄事參軍　諸州上縣丞　中牧監丞　京縣主簿　太子左右衛、司禦、清道、內率府錄事參軍　中都督、上都護府參軍　太子翊衛　親王府行參軍　京兆河南太原府、大都督府博士　諸倉、諸冶、司竹、溫湯監丞　保章正　諸折衝府旅帥　承奉郎文散　禦侮校尉武散
Cong Ba Pin: Zuoyou Shiyi, Taiyi Shu Zhen Bohu, Simen Zhujiao, Zuoyou Qinniwei Lushi Cenjun Xia Zhou Lushi Cen jun Zhu Zhou Shang Xiancheng Zhongmu Jian Cheng Jingxian Zhubu Taizi Zuoyouwei, Shi Yu, Qingdao Neilv Fu Lushi Cen Jun Zhongdudu shang dunhu fu cen jun taizi yingwei qinwang fu xingcenjun jingzhao henan taiyuanfu dadudufu bohu zhu cang zhu ye sijiu wentangjian cheng baozhang zheng zhu zhechong fu lüsuai Chengfeng Lang civil Yuwu Jiaowei milty]].

28 秩品五:
以前上階：大理評事　律學博士　太醫署丞　太子左右春坊錄事　左右千牛衛諸曹參軍　內謁者　太子左右衛、司禦、清道率府諸曹參軍　太子備身　下州諸司參軍　太子諸署令　掖庭、宮闈局丞　都水監主簿　中書、門下、尚書都省、兵部、吏部、考功、禮部主事　上署丞　下都督府、上州參軍　中都督、下都督府、上州博士　諸州中縣丞　親王府典籤　京縣尉　親王國大農　公主家丞　親王府隊正　諸屯監丞　上關令　上府兵曹　上鎮倉曹、兵曹參軍　挈壼正　中戍主　上戍副　諸率府左右司戈　承務郎文散　禦侮副尉武散
Previously, the higher rank: Dali Ping Shi, Luxue Bohu, Taiyi Shu Cheng, Taizi Zuoyoushufang Lushi, Zuoyou Qinniwai Zhucao Cenjun Neiyazhe Taizi Zuoyou wei shi yu qingdao lüfu zhucao cen jun taizi beishen xiazhou zhusi cen jun taizi zhushuling yeting gongwei ju cheng doushujian zhubu zhongshu menxia shangshuduxiang bingbu lishi kaogong libu zhushi shangshucheng xiadudu fu shangzhou cenjun zhongdudu xiadudu fu shangzhou bohu Zhu Zhou Zhong Xiancheng Qinwang Fu Dianqian Jingxian Wei Qinwang Guo Danong Gongzhu Jiacheng Qinwang Fu Duizheng Zhu Tunjian Cheng Shangu Ling Shangfu Bingcao Shang Zhen Cangcao, Bingcao Cenjun Qieku Zheng Zhongshu Zhu Shangshu Fu Yushufu Fuyi Zhu Lüfuyousige Chengwu Lang civil Yu Wu Fuyi milty]].

29 秩品五:
正九品：校書郎　太祝　太子左右內率、監門率府錄事參軍　太子內坊典直　中署丞　典客署掌客　親勳翊衛府羽林兵曹參軍　岳瀆令　諸津令　下牧監丞　諸州中下縣丞　中州博士　京兆河南太原府諸縣主簿　武庫署監事　儒林郎文散　仁勇校尉武散
Zheng Jiu Pin: Xiaoshu Lang, Taizhu, Taizi Zuoyou Neilv Jianmenlv Fu Lushi Cenjun Taizi Neifang Dianzhi Zhongshucheng Dianke Shu Zhangke Qin Xun Yingwei Fu Yulin Bingcao Cenjun Yue Du Ling Zhu Jinling Xia Mu Jian Cheng Zhu Zhou Zhongxia xiancheng Zhongzhou Bohu Jingzhao Henan Taiyufu zhu xianzhubu Wuku Shujianshi Rulin Lang civil Renyong Jiaowei mily]].

30 秩品五:
以前上階：正字　太子校書　奚官、內僕丞　內府局丞　下署丞　尚食局食醫　尚藥局醫佐尚輦局掌輦　尚乘局奉乘、司庫、司廩　太史局司辰　典廄署主乘　太子左右內率、監門率府諸曹參軍　太子三寺主簿、詹事府錄事　太子親勳翊衛府兵曹參軍　諸州下縣丞　諸州上縣主簿　中州參軍　下州博士　京兆河南太原府諸縣尉　上牧監主簿　諸宮農圃監丞　中關令　中府兵曹　親王國尉　上關丞　諸衛左右執戟　中鎮兵曹參軍　下戍主　諸折衝隊正　登仕郎文散　仁勇副尉武散
Previously, the higher rank: Zhengzi, Taizi Xiaoshu, Xi Guan Neipu Cheng, Neifu Ju Cheng, Xiashu Cheng, Shangshi Jue Shi Yi, Shangyao Jue Yizuo Shangnian Jue Zhangnian, Shangcheng Jue Fengcheng, Sikku, Silin, Taishi Ju Sichen, Dianjiu Shu Zhucheng, Taizi Zuoyou Neilv Jianmenlv Fu Zhucao Cen Jun, Taizi Sansi Zhubu Zhan Shi Fu Lushi, Taizi Qin Xun Yingwei Fu Bingcao Cenjun Zhu Zhou Xiaxian Cheng, Zhu Zhou Shangxianzhubu Zhongzhou Cenjun Xiadou Bohu Jingzhao henan Taiyuanfu zhu xianwei shangmu jian zhubu zhugong nongpujian cheng zhongguan ling zhongfu bingcao qinwang guo wei shanguan cheng zhu wei zuoyoushijie zhongzhenbingcao cenjun xiashu zhu Zhu Zhechong Duizheng Dengshi Lang civil Ren Yong Fuyi mily]].

31 秩品五:
從九品：尚書、御史臺、祕書省、殿中省主事　奉禮郎　律學助教　太子正字　弘文館校書大史局司曆　太醫署醫助教　京兆河南太原府九寺少府將作監錄事　都督、都護府、上州錄事市令　宮苑總監主簿　諸州中下縣主簿　中牧監主簿　諸州上縣中縣尉　下府兵曹　文林郎文散　陪戎校尉武散
Cong Jiu Pin: Shangshu, Yushi Tai, Mishi Sheng, Dianzhong Sheng Zhushi Fengli Lang Luxue Zhujiao Taizi Zhengzi Hongwen Guan Xiaoshu Dashiju Sili Taiyi Shu Yizhujiao Jingzhao Henan Taiyu Fu Jiusi Shaofu Jiangzuo Jian Lushi Dudu Dunhu Fu Shangzhou Lushishi Ling Gongyuan Zongan Zhubu Zhu Zhou Zhongxiaxian Zhubu Zhongmu Jian Zhubu Zhu Zhou Shangxian Zhongxianwei Xiafu Bingcao Wenlin Lang civil Peirong Jiaowei mil]].

32 秩品五:
以前上階：內侍省主事　國子監、親王府錄事　太子左右春坊主事　崇文館校書　書學博士算學博士　門下典儀　太醫署按摩、祝禁博士　太卜署卜博士　太醫署針助教　太醫署醫正　太卜署卜正　太史局監候　親王國丞　太子典倉署園丞　太子廄牧署典乘　掖庭局宮教博士　太子諸署丞　諸監作諸監事計官　太官署監膳　太樂鼓吹署樂正　親王府隊副　大理寺獄丞　下州參軍　中州下州醫博士　諸州中下縣尉　京縣錄事　下牧監主簿　下關令　中關丞　諸衛羽林長上　公主邑司錄事　諸津丞　下鎮兵曹參軍　諸折衝府隊副　諸率府左右執戟　將仕郎文散　凡十九階　陪戎副尉　武散　凡二十九階
Previously, the higher rank: Neishi Sheng Zhushi Guizi Jian Qinwang Fu Lushi Taizi Zuoyoushunfang Zhushi Chongwen Guan Xiaoshu Shuxue Bohu Suanxue Bohu Menxia Dianyi Taiyi Shu Anmo Zhu Jin Bohu Taibu Shu Bu Bohu Taiyi Shu Zhenzhujiao Taiyi Shu Yi Zheng Taibu Shu Bu Zheng Taishi Ju Jianhou Qinwang Guo Cheng Taizi Diancang Shuyuancheng Taizi Jiumu Shudiancheng Yetingju Gongjiao Bohu Taizi Zhushucheng Zhu Jiaozhujianguan Jiguan Taiguanshu Jianshan Tailve Guchui Shu Lezheng Qinwang Fu Dui Fu Dadali Si Yu Cheng Xia Zhou Cenjun Zhongzhou Xia Zhou Yibohu Zhu Zhou Zhongxia Xianwei Jingxian Lushi Xia Mu Jian Zhubu Xiaguan Ling Zhongguan Cheng Zhu Wei Yulin Changshang Gongzhu Yisilvshi Zhu Jin Cheng Xia Zhen Bingcao Cen Jun Zhu Zhechongfu Dui Fu Zhu Lüfu Zuoyoushiji Jiangshi Lang civil (total nineteen ranks) Peirong Fuyi military (total twenty-nine ranks)

33 秩品五:
視流內：視正五品：薩寶
Civil Officials: Zheng Wu Pin: Sabei

34 秩品五:
視從七品：薩寶府祆正祆，呼煙反。祆者，西域國天神，佛經所謂摩醯首羅也。武德四年，置祆祠及官，常有群胡奉事，取火祝詛。貞觀二年，置波斯寺。至天寶四年七月，敕：「波斯經教出自大秦，傳習而來，久行中國。爰初建寺，因以為名，將欲示人，必脩其本。其兩京波斯寺宜改為大秦寺。天下諸州郡有者，亦宜准此。」開元二十年七月敕：「未摩尼法，本是邪見，妄稱佛教，誑惑黎元，宜嚴加禁斷。以其西胡等既是鄉法，當身自行，不須科罪者。」
Cong Qi Pin: Sabei Fu Xiao Zheng Xiao, Huyan Fan. Xiao is the sky god of a Western Regions country, what Buddhist scriptures refer to as Mahesvara. In the fourth year of Wude, temples and officials for Xiao were established; there was often a group of Hu people who served them, taking fire to make offerings and curses. In the second year of Zhenguan, the Persian Temple was established. By July in the fourth year of Tianbao, an imperial decree stated: "The Persian scriptures and teachings originated from Daqin, were transmitted and learned, and have been practiced for a long time in China. When the temple was first established, it took its name accordingly; this is to show people that one must necessarily cultivate their roots. The Persian Temples in both capitals should be renamed as Daqin Temples. Any existing ones in the various commanderies and states throughout the empire should also follow this precedent." In July of the twentieth year of Kaiyuan, an imperial decree stated: "The Mani sect is originally a heretical view, falsely claiming to be Buddhism, deceiving and misleading the common people. It should be strictly banned and cut off. "As for their western Hu peoples, since these are local customs, they may practice them themselves without being subject to punishment."

35 秩品五:
流外：勳品勳品自齊梁以來有之。
Liu Wai: Xun Pin Xun Pin has existed since Qi and Liang dynasties.

36 秩品五:
諸衛、都水監、羽林軍錄事　尚書、中書、門下省、御史臺令史　太子內坊、三寺、諸率府錄事諸楷書手　太常寺謁者　司儀署諸典書　河渠署河隄謁者　太醫署醫針師　內侍省寺人
Zhu Wei, Doushui Jian, Yulin Jun Lushi Shangshu, Zhongshu, Menxia Sheng, Yushi Tai Ling Shi Taizi Neifang, Sansi, Zhu Lü Fu Lushi Zhu Kaishushou Taichang Si Ye Zhe Siyi Shu Zhu Dianshu Hequ Shu Hediti Ye Zhe Taiyi Shu Yinzhishi Neishi Sheng Siren

37 秩品五:
二品：太卜署卜助教　祕書、殿中、內侍省令史　城門、符寶、夕文館令史　通事令史　尚書、門下、中書省、御史臺書令史　太常寺祝史　宮苑總監錄事　太子左春坊掌儀　典客署典客　親勳翊衛府錄事　太史局漏刻博士　太子內坊廄尉　御史臺殿中令史
Er Pin: Taibu Shu Bu Zhujiao Mishi, Dianzhong, Neishi Sheng Ling Shi Chengmen, Fubao, Xiwenguang Ling Shi Tongshi Ling Shi Shangshu Menxia Zhongshusheng Yushi Tai Shuling Shi Taichang Si Zhushi Gongyuan Zongan Lushi Taizi Zuochunfang Zhangyi Dianke Shu Dianke Qin Xun Yingwei fu lushi Taishi Ju Louke Bohu Taizi Neifang Jiuwei Yushi Tai Dianzhong Ling Shi

38 秩品五:
三品：城門、符寶書令史　祕書、殿中、內侍省、御史臺書令史　九寺、少府、將作、軍器監府、都水、宮苑總監府、京及東都市、平准、諸陵署錄事　諸牧園苑監錄事　諸倉監、諸關津錄事　太子親勳翊衛府錄事　諸衛羽林軍府、太子詹事府令史　尚食局主食　太子左右春坊令史　祕書、殿中、內侍省諸局書令史　內侍省內典引　尚藥局太醫署按摩祝禁師太常寺贊引　太醫署醫工、針工　太卜署卜師諸計史　率更寺漏刻博士　諸王府國司錄事
San Pin: Chengmen, Fubao Shuling Shi Mishi, Dianzhong Neishi Sheng Yushi Tai Shu Ling Shi Jiusi Shaofu, Jiangzuo Junqi Jianfu, Doushui Gongyuan Zongan Fu Jingji Dongdushiy Pingzhun Zhu Ling Shuyu Lushi Zhu Mu Yuanyuanjian Lushi Zhu Cangjian Zhuguanjin Lushi Taizi Qin Xun Yingweifu Lushi Zhu Wei Yulinjunfu Taizi Zhanshifufu Ling Shi Shangshi Ju Zhushi Taizi Zuoyouschunfang Ling Shi Mishi Dianzhong Neishisheng Zhuju Shuling Shi Neishisheng Neidianyin Shangyaoju Taiyi Shu Anmoxiujinshi Taichangsi Zanyin Taiyi Shuyigong, Zhengong Taibu Shubushi Zhu Jishi Lügeng Si Louke Bohu Zhu Wangfu Guoshi Lushi

39 秩品五:
四品：太子詹事府左右春坊令史　太子內坊令史　九寺、少府、將作、國子、軍器監史　太子三寺、諸率府、諸署、農圃監、諸牧園苑監府、諸都護府、都水、宮苑總監史　諸衛羽林軍史太子左春坊諸局書令史　太子典膳局主食　太子右春坊諸局書令史　門下省主寶、主符　太醫主藥　門下、中書省傳制　太子率更寺掌漏　太子內坊閤郎　親王率府　太醫署按摩祝禁工　御史臺監察史
Si Pin: Taizi Zhanshi Fu Zuoyoushunfang Ling Shi Taizi Neifanfufu Ling Shi Jiusi, Shaofu, Jiangzao Guizi Junqi Jian Shi Taizi Sansi Zhu Lüfu Zhu Shu Nongpujian Zhu Mu Yuanyuanjiafunfu Zhu Dunhu Fu Doushui Gongyuantongan Shi Zhu Wei Yulinjunshi Taizi Zuochunfuzhuju shulingshi Taizi Dianshanju Zhushi Taizi Youchunfangzhuju shulingshi Menxia Sheng Zhubao, Zhufu Taiyi Zhuyao Menxia Zhongshuxingzhuanzhi Taizi Lügensi Zhanglou Taizi Neifanggelang Qinwang Lüfu Taiyi Shu Anmo Zhujin Gong Yushi Tai Jianchashi

40 秩品五:
五品：太子內書令史　太子三寺、諸率府史　大理寺司直平事史　諸署農圃監　諸牧園苑監史　諸都護府史　太子諸署府、宮門局內閽人內掌扇　太子內坊道客舍人　太官署監膳史　良醞署掌醞　掌醢署主醢　諸典事　親勳翊衛率府史　大理寺獄史　親王府史　太子左右春坊傳令史　親王國司府
Wu Pin: Taizi Neishu Ling Shi Taizi Sansi Zhulvfu Shi Dali Si Sizhi Pingshi Shi Zhu Shu Nongpujian Zhu Mu Yuanyuanjian Shi Zhu Dunhu Fu Shi Taizi Zhu Shufu Gongmenju Neiguan Ren Neizhangshan Taizi Neifang Daokesheren Tai Guanshu Jianshansi Liangyunshu Zhangyun Zhanghaishu Zhuhai Zhu Dingshi Qin Xun Yingwei Lüfushi Dali Si Yushi Qinwang Fushishi Taizi Zuoyoushunchuanlingshi Qinwang Guoshi Fu

41 秩品五:
六品：親勳翊衛府史　諸倉關津府史　太子親勳翊衛率府史　太醫署藥園師　諸亭長　太子諸署史、園史　太子內坊內閽人　親王國司史　公主邑司史
Liu Pin: Qin Xun Yingwei Fushi Zhu Cangguanjinfushishi Taizi Qin Xun Yingwei Lüfu Shi Taiyi Shuyaoyuan Shi Zhu Tingzhang Taizi Zhushushi Yuanshi Taizi Neifang Neiguanren Qinwang Guoshi Shi Gongzhu Yishi Shi

42 秩品五:
七品：太子親勳翊衛府史　門下省主節　諸掌固　大史監歷生　天文觀生　諸倉關津史親王府典軍下史　諸倉計史
Qi Pin: Taizi Qin Xun Yingwei Fushi Menxia Sheng Zhujie Zhu Zhanggu Dashijian Lishi Tianwen Guansheng Zhu Cangguanjinshi Qinwang Fu Dianjuxiashi Zhu Cang Jishi

43 秩品五:
八品：守宮署掌設
Ba Pin: Shou Gong Shu Zhangshe

44 秩品五:
九品：國子學、太公廟幹　諸輦者
Jiu Pin: Guizi Xue, Taigong Miao Gan Zhu Nianzhe

45 秩品五:
視流外：勳品：薩寶府祓祝
Liu Wai: Xun Pin: Sabei Fu Fu Zhu

46 秩品五:
四品：薩寶府率
Si Pin: Sabei Fu Lü

47 秩品五:
五品：薩寶府史
Wu Pin: Sabei Fu Shi

48 秩品五:
右內外文武官員凡萬八千八百五。文官萬四千七百七十四，武官四千三十一，內官二千六百二十，外官州縣、折衝府、鎮、戍、關、廟、岳、瀆等萬六千一百八十五。內職掌：齋郎、府史、亭長、掌固、主膳、幕士、習馭、駕士、門僕、陵戶、樂工、供膳、獸醫、學生、執御、門事、學生、後士、魚師、監門校尉、直屯、備身、主仗、典食、監門直長、親事、帳內等。外職掌：州縣倉督、錄事、佐史、府史。典獄：門事、執刀、白直、市令、市丞、助教、津吏、里正及岳廟齋郎并折衝府旅帥、隊正、隊副等。總三十四萬九千八百六十三。內三萬五千一百七十七，外三十一萬四千六百八十六。都計文武官及諸色胥史等，總三十六萬八千六百六十八人。制為九品，各有從。自四品以下，亦分上下階，大抵多因隋制。三品以上紫衣，金魚袋，五品以上緋衣，銀魚袋，皆執象笏。七品以上綠衣，九品以上青衣，皆木笏。光宅元年，青衣為碧。武太后時，改五品以上銅魚袋。中宗反正，從舊。初武太后天冊萬歲中制，文武官加階應入五品者，並須入仕歷十六考以上，無私犯，進階之時見居六品官及七品官以上清官者。其應入二品者，取入仕三十二考以上，並無私犯，進階之時見居四品官者。自外從計偕者，應入仕，並不在進階限。如有奇才異行別效殊功者，不拘此例。
The total number of civil and military officials inside and outside the court is 18,805. Civil officials: 14,774; military officers: 4,031; court officials: 2,620; local officials in states and counties, Zhechong Fu, Zhen, Shu, Guan, Miao, Yue, Du, etc.: 16,185. Internal duties include: Zhai Lang, Fu Shi, Ting Zhang, Zhang Gu, Zhu Shan, Mu Shi, Xi Yu, Jia Shi, Men Pu, Ling Hu, Yue Gong, Gong Shan, Shou Yi, Xue Sheng, Zhi Yu, Men Shi, Xue Sheng Houshi, Yu Shi, Jianmen Jiao Wei, Zhutun, Beishen, Zhu Zhang, Dianshi, Jianmen Zhilang Qingshi, Zhang Nei, etc. External duties include: state and county granary supervisors, Lushi, Zuo Shi, Fu Shi. Prison duties: Men Shi, Zhi Dao, Bai Zhi, Shi Ling, Shi Cheng, Zhu Jiao, Jin Li, Lizheng and Yuetemple Zhai Lang as well as Zhechong Fu Lüshuai, Duizheng, Dui Fu, etc. The total is 349,863. Internally: 35,517; externally: 314,686. In total, civil and military officials as well as various types of clerks amount to 368,668 people. The system is divided into nine ranks, each with its own subordinate grades. From the fourth rank downward, there are also upper and lower divisions; generally speaking, they mostly follow the Sui dynasty system. Those above the third rank wore purple robes and golden fish pouches; those above the fifth rank wore crimson robes and silver fish pouches. All of them held ivory tablets. Those above the seventh rank wore green robes, and those above the ninth rank wore blue robes; all used wooden tablets. In the first year of Guangzai, blue robes were changed to emerald green. During Empress Wu's reign, officials above the fifth rank had their silver fish pouches replaced with copper ones. When Emperor Zhongzong restored the throne, he reverted to the old system. Initially, during the Tiance Wansui period of Empress Wu, it was decreed that civil and military officials who were to be promoted to the fifth rank must have served for at least sixteen years in office without any private offenses. Those currently holding sixth or seventh rank posts as well as higher-ranking clean officials could advance in rank. Those who were to enter the second rank must have served for thirty-two years in office, with no private offenses, and at the time of promotion, they should be holding a fourth-rank post. Those who entered through external appointments or by accompanying others were not counted in these rank advancement limits. However, those with exceptional talent, remarkable conduct, or special contributions would be exempt from this rule.

49 秩品五:
睿宗景雲二年，監察御史韓琬上疏曰：「量事置官，量官置人，使官稱其人，須人不虛位。除此之外，使其耕桑，任其商賈，何為引令入仕，廢其本業。臣愚以為國家開仕進之門廣矣，皆棄農桑工商而身趨之。當今一夫耕而供數百人食，一婦蠶而供數百人衣，遂使公私皆無儲蓄。若不釐革，其弊必甚。」
In the second year of Jingyun during Emperor Ruizong's reign, Jiancha Yushi Han Wan submitted a memorial stating: "Officials should be appointed according to the needs of affairs, and personnel should be assigned according to official positions. This ensures that officials are worthy of their posts and that no position is left vacant unnecessarily. "Except for this, if they are allowed to farm and raise silkworms or engage in commerce, why should we encourage them to enter officialdom and abandon their primary occupations? "I humbly believe that the state has already opened wide doors for entering officialdom, yet people still abandon farming, sericulture, and commerce to pursue it. "Nowadays, one man's farming supports the food of hundreds, and one woman's sericulture provides clothing for hundreds. This has led to neither public nor private reserves being accumulated. "If this is not reformed, its drawbacks will surely become severe."

50 秩品五:
佑建中中忝居戶部，專掌邦賦。屬河朔用師，經費或闕，百姓頗困，加賦攸難。欲期集事，實在省用，所以輒上議曰：「唐虞稽古，建官惟百。夏商官倍，亦克用乂。周建六官，各有徒屬，雖尚文去質，吏眾事繁，然而條流不紊，職非重設。秦氏立制，多因時宜。漢初沿襲，後漸增廣。光武建武六年，廢罷四百餘縣，吏職十置其一。魏太和中，分命使臣，省州郡吏。正始中，又并合郡縣等。晉太元六年，省七百餘員。隋開皇三年，廢五百餘郡。國家貞觀初，省內官六百餘員。詳設官之本，為理眾庶，所以古昔計人置吏。故周官鄉遂稍縣畿，約人定員，吏無虛設。自漢魏晉隋，暨於聖唐，皆因戰爭流離，征繕艱勞，即省吏職，存諸方策。晉荀勖、桓溫，俱有此議，息人救弊，何莫由斯。昔皋繇作士正五刑，今刑部尚書、大理卿，是二皋繇也。垂作共工利器用，今工部尚書、將作監，是二垂也。契作司徒敷五教，今司徒、戶部尚書，是二契也。伯夷秩宗典邦禮，今禮部尚書、禮儀使，是二伯夷也。伯益作虞掌山澤，今虞部郎中、都水使者，是二伯益也。伯冏太僕掌車馬，今太僕卿、駕部郎中，尚輦奉御、閑廄使者，是四伯冏也。古者天子有六軍，漢家前後左右將軍四人，今則十二衛、神策等八軍，凡有將軍六十人也。歷代增益，以至於是，舊名不廢，新職日加，名繁職重，不可遍舉。所以後周依古周建六官，蓋為於此。今略徵外官。別駕本因漢置，隨刺史巡察，若今觀察使之有副使也。參軍後漢末置，參諸府軍事，若今節度判官也。官名職務，遷易不同，空存虛稱，皆無事實。又司田，頃景龍三年嘗置，無何，以煩冗卻停，併入司戶，殊為折衷。誠宜斟酌繁省，詳考損益，欲求致理，必也正名。神龍中，官紀隳紊，有司務廣集選人，競收名稱。其時無闕注授，於是奏署員外官者二千餘人，自爾遂為常制。當開元、天寶之中，四方無虞，百姓全實，大凡編戶九百餘萬。吏員雖眾，經用雖繁，人力有餘，帑藏豐溢，縱或枉費，不足為憂。今兵革未寧，黎庶凋瘵。數年前，天下簿帳到省百三十餘萬戶。自聖上御極，分命使臣，按比收斂，土戶與客戶共計得三百餘萬。比天寶纔三分之一，就中浮寄仍五分有二。出租賦者減耗若此，食租賦者豈可仍舊。如一州無三數千戶，置五六十官員，十羊九牧，疲吏煩眾。顧茲大弊，實思革之。議者多云，尚有跋扈未庭，併省官吏之後，恐被罷者仕進無路，別有依託，且縻爵祿，兼示隄防。此乃常情之說，慮非救弊之論。有才者即令薦用，不才者何患奔亡，而況各有姻戚，顧戀家產。後漢建武六年，減縣省官，公孫述、隗囂未滅；魏太和、正始中，則吳蜀鼎立；晉太元六年，吳國尚在；隋開皇三年，陳氏割據；皆招羅俊乂，志相吞滅，此時猶不慮有失賢資敵，務以救弊為謀。今田悅之徒，並是庸瑣，繁刑暴賦，唯恤軍戎，衣冠仕人，遇如奴虜，豈比公孫述、諸葛亮之在巴蜀，孫權、陳霸先之有江南？固無范睢業秦、賈季強狄之慮，斷可知矣。今若以人情因習既久，不能改更制度，併省內官，但且權停省外官別駕、司馬及參軍。州縣額內官，約人戶減縣尉。其被罷者，但有德行才器，委州府長史搜擇論薦，固亦不遺器能。如或渝濫，先坐舉主，誰敢罔冒，以陷刑章。其有不被舉論，但全舊名，任參常調，自當修進，更俟甄收，暫罷歲時，何負此輩。如柱國，後魏末置，並是當時宿德，勳成業崇，皆主重兵，寵貴第一。周隋以後，除授至多，暨乎國家，迴作勳級，唯得三十頃地耳。又開府儀同三司及光祿大夫，亦是官名，還為人多，迴作階級。隨時立制，遇弊變通，不必因循，重難改作。待戎車息駕，百姓稍康，欲增庶官，則復舊制。」
During the Zhong period of Youjian, I was humbly appointed to the Hubei Department and exclusively in charge of national taxation. At that time, due to military campaigns in He Shuo, there were sometimes shortages in expenses, and the people were greatly burdened; increasing taxes was particularly difficult. To achieve success in governance, it is essential to reduce expenditures. Therefore, I dared to submit a proposal stating: "Tang and Yu examined ancient practices and established only one hundred officials. The number of officials in Xia and Shang dynasties doubled, yet they were still able to maintain order. The Zhou dynasty established six official departments, each with their own subordinates; although they emphasized culture over simplicity and had many officials handling complex affairs, the system remained orderly without overlapping or redundant positions. The Qin dynasty established its system based on what was suitable for the times. At first, the Han dynasty followed this system, but later it gradually expanded. In the sixth year of Jianwu during Emperor Guangwu's reign, over four hundred counties were abolished or merged, and only one out of ten official positions was retained. During the Taihe period of Wei dynasty, envoys were dispatched to reduce the number of officials at the state and commandery levels. In the Zhengshi period, more counties and districts were merged. In the sixth year of Taiyuan during the Jin dynasty, over seven hundred official positions were reduced. In the third year of Kaihuang during the Sui dynasty, more than five hundred commanderies were abolished. At the beginning of the Zhenguan era in our dynasty, over six hundred internal officials were reduced. Carefully considering the original purpose of establishing official positions is to manage the people; therefore, in ancient times, officials were appointed according to population. Therefore, during the Zhou dynasty, officials for towns and counties within the capital region were roughly determined based on population; there were no redundant or unnecessary positions. From the Han, Wei, Jin, and Sui dynasties to our holy Tang dynasty, due to wars and displacement, as well as the hardships of military campaigns and construction efforts, officials were reduced; these measures are recorded in historical records. Jin dynasty's Xun Xu and Huan Wen both proposed such policies; to ease the burden on people and correct problems, there is no better way than this. In ancient times, Gao Yao was responsible for establishing the five punishments; today's Minister of Punishment and Dali Qing are the two modern counterparts to Gao Yao. Chui was responsible for organizing Gonggong's tools and implements; today's Minister of Works and Jiangzuo Jian are the two modern counterparts to Chui. Qi was responsible for implementing the five teachings as Grand Tutor; today's Siku and Minister of Revenue are the two modern counterparts to Qi. Boyi was responsible for overseeing state rituals as Zhi Zong; today's Minister of Rites and Master of Ceremonies are the two modern counterparts to Boyi. Boyi was in charge of managing mountains and lakes as Grand Forester; today's Langzhong of Yubu and Duishui Shǐzhe are the two modern counterparts to Boyī. Bo Jiong was in charge of carriages and horses as Taifu; today's Taifu Qing, Jiangbu Langzhong, Shangnian Fengyu, and Xianjiu Shǐzhe are the four modern counterparts to Bo Jiong. In ancient times, the Son of Heaven had six armies; during the Han dynasty, there were four generals: the Front, Rear, Left, and Right Generals. Today, there are twelve guards and eight armies such as Shen Ce, totaling sixty generals. Through successive dynasties, additions and enhancements have led to this situation; old titles are not abolished while new duties continue to be added. The names become numerous and the responsibilities heavy, making it impossible to list them all. This is why the Later Zhou dynasty followed the ancient Zhou system by establishing six officials; this was done precisely for these reasons. Now, let us briefly discuss local officials. The Biejia position was originally established during the Han dynasty to accompany the cishi in inspections, similar to how today's Ciguanchu has a vice commissioner. The Canjun position was established at the end of the Later Han dynasty to assist in military affairs within various offices, similar to today's Jiedu Pan Guan. Official titles and duties have changed over time; many are now empty names with no real responsibilities or functions. The position of Sutian was once established in the third year of Jinglong, but not long after, it was abolished due to its complexity and redundancy, being merged into Sihu. This decision proved particularly reasonable. It is indeed necessary to carefully consider the level of complexity and reduction, thoroughly examine what should be added or removed; if one truly wishes to achieve good governance, it must begin with correctly defining official titles. During the Shenlong period, official discipline deteriorated and became chaotic; officials in charge sought to widely gather candidates for appointment, competing to collect titles. At that time, there were no vacancies to fill, so over two thousand officials were appointed as Waiyuan Guan through memorials and recommendations; since then, this practice became a regular system. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods, there was peace throughout the four directions, and the people were prosperous; in total, there were over nine million registered households. Although there were many officials and expenses were heavy, human resources were sufficient and the treasury was full; even if some waste occurred, it was not a cause for concern. Now, with warfare still unsettled, the common people are in decline and suffering. Several years ago, over 1.3 million households were recorded in the imperial court's accounts from across the empire. Since His Majesty ascended the throne, envoys have been dispatched to investigate and collect data; combining native households with migrant households, a total of over three million were recorded. This is only one-third of the Tianbao period's figure, and among these, two-fifths are still floating or fictitious registrations. If those paying taxes and rents have decreased so greatly, how can those receiving these revenues continue as before? If a single state has only several thousand households but employs fifty to sixty officials, it is like having nine shepherds for ten sheep; this results in exhausted officials and burdens on the people. Considering this serious problem, we truly wish to reform it. Many commentators argue that there are still rebellious forces not yet subdued, and after merging or reducing officials, those who lose their positions may have no path for advancement. They might seek alternative support, so it is necessary to retain titles and salaries as a precautionary measure. This is merely conventional thinking; such concerns do not constitute sound advice for correcting the problem. Those with talent can be recommended and employed, while those without ability need not fear fleeing; besides, everyone has relatives and is attached to their family property. In the sixth year of Jianwu during the Later Han dynasty, counties were reduced and officials cut even though Gongsun Shu and Wei Qiao had not yet been defeated; During the Taihe and Zhengshi periods of the Wei dynasty, Wu and Shu were still in a tripartite standoff; In the sixth year of Taiyuan under the Jin dynasty, the state of Wu was still extant; In the third year of Kaihuang under the Sui dynasty, Chen's regime still held territory. At those times, they were all recruiting talented individuals and vying for dominance; yet even then, no one was concerned about losing capable people to the enemy. The priority remained addressing the problems at hand. Now, figures like Tian Yue are merely mediocre and petty; they impose harsh punishments and heavy taxes solely to support the military. They treat scholars and officials as slaves or captives—how could such people compare to Gongsun Shu, Zhuge Liang in Bashu, Sun Quan, or Chen Baxian ruling southern Jiangnan? Therefore, there is certainly no need to worry about someone like Fan Jiu strengthening Qin or Ji Ji empowering the Di people. This can be clearly discerned. Now, if we consider that people have grown accustomed to the current system and cannot immediately reform it, then for now, let us only temporarily suspend the positions of local officials such as Biejia, Sima, and Canjun. Within each state and county, official quotas should be adjusted by reducing Xunwei based on the number of households. Those who are dismissed, if they possess virtue and talent, should be identified and recommended by the state or county magistrates; thus, capable individuals will not be overlooked. If any abuses occur, those responsible for the recommendation shall first be held accountable; who would then dare to act recklessly and risk legal punishment? Those who are not recommended but retain their old titles may still participate in regular appointments; they should naturally improve themselves and await future selection. Temporarily suspending annual evaluations harms no one. For example, the title Zhugu was established at the end of Later Wei; those who held it were all distinguished men of virtue and achievement from that time. They had earned great military merit and prestige, commanding major forces and enjoying the highest honors and privileges. After the Zhou and Sui dynasties, numerous appointments were made; by our dynasty's time, these titles were reclassified as military ranks, granting only thirty qing of land. Also, the titles Kaifu Yitong Sansi and Guanglu Dafu were originally official positions; due to their widespread use among many people, they have now been reclassified as rank designations. Establishing systems in accordance with the times and adapting to address problems is essential; there is no need for rigid adherence or excessive difficulty in reform. Once military campaigns cease and the people gradually recover, if it becomes necessary to increase officials, then we can restore the old system."

URN: ctp:tongdian/40