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-> -> 音表第十一

《音表第十一》[View] [Edit] [History]

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韻目
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《新方言》十一·音表·韻目
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右二十三部古韻凡目。橫迆則為旁轉,縱貫則為對轉。惟冬部與侵部同對轉。緝、盇近於侵、談,月近灰、諄,質近脂、真,然皆非其入聲,有時亦得相轉。此四部為奇觚韻。今世方音流轉,亦依是為準則。脂、灰昔本合為一部,今驗𠂤、回、靁、夔等聲,與脂部鴻纖有異,三百篇韻亦有分別。別有辯說,不暇悉錄,或依舊義通言脂微齊皆灰,或以脂部稱灰,或云脂諄相轉,不悉改也。
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紐目
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㗋音牙音舌音齒音脣音
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見曉端〈知〉照〈精〉幫〈非〉
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谿匣透〈徹〉穿〈清〉滂〈𢾭〉
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群影〈喩〉定〈澄〉牀〈從〉竝〈奉〉
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疑泥〈
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〉審〈心〉明〈微〉
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來禪〈邪〉
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右二十一紐古音凡目。凡同紐者為雙聲音和,凡同音者〈謂同一㗋音、牙音等。〉為雙聲旁紐。又牙、㗋古相通轉,今亦不殊。舌頭端、透、定、泥,錢大昕說:古以知、徹、澄、娘分隸,故古無舌上音。齒音亦與舌頭音通。今從其義。重脣幫、滂、竝、明,唐韻猶與輕脣非、𢾭、奉、微相合,慧琳《新收一切臧經音義》始更師說;景審序之,抨彈古紐,謂武與綿為雙聲,斯𩔖蓋所不取。不悟舊音閎弇,晚更發舒;古衹重脣,無輕脣也。精、清、從、心、邪,本是照、穿、牀、審、禪之副音,當時不解分等,析為正齒、齒頭二音。若爾,來之與良,見之與貫,亦可分為數紐。彼既掍成,此何煩碎?古今音既非大異,故亦如律分配。娘紐本非舌上,作字母者,馮臆隸屬。尋檢古音,娘、日皆歸泥紐。今悉部署,不令離局。今音三十六紐,不能所在晐備。稽合方言,數或增益;明其通轉,則凡二十一紐而已。中原疑或近喻,江左匣、喻相搰,日紐大半為泥,泥紐又與娘合。大河南北,去聲群皆作見,定皆作端。湖南諸郡,去聲見皆作群,端皆作定。舌上之知、徹、澄,江南、揚、粵與照、穿、牀不殊;齒頭之精、清、從、心、邪,九州舊服與照、穿、牀、審、禪相迆。此皆合符持軌,不越音例。若乃音無為胡,以支為稽;輕脣入牙,與重脣相失;齒音歸㗋,與舌頭異撰;此為音誤,不得云流變也。字母三十六紐,始自唐末五季之閒,舊無所稟。今若一切撥除,即又無所準則。顧氏《音學五書》以還,學者浸薄等韻;江、洪諸子,復泰尊守。然則悉信亦非,不信亦非。錢大昕者,可謂得其中流矣;戴震者,可謂會其玄極矣;何秋濤等,蓋無譏焉。
URN: ctp:ws120834

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