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Scope: 宋史纪事本末
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卷九治河

18
说者以黄河随时涨落,故举物候为水势之名:立春之后,东风解冻,河边人候水,初至凡一寸则夏秋当至一尺,颇为信验,故谓之「信水」。二月、三月,桃华始开,冰泮雨积,川流猥集,波澜盛长,谓之「桃华水」。春末,芜菁华开,谓之「菜华水」。四月末,麦垄结秀,擢芒变色,谓之「麦黄水」。五月,瓜实延蔓,谓之「瓜蔓水」。朔野之地,深山穷谷,固阴冱寒,冰坚晚泮,逮乎盛夏,消释方尽,而沃荡山石,水带矾腥,并流于河,故六月中旬后谓之「矾山水」。七月,菽豆方秀,谓之「豆华水」。八月,菼华,谓之「荻苗水」。九月,以重阳纪节,谓之「登高水」。十月,水落安流,复其故道,谓之「复槽水」。十一月、十二月,断冰杂流,乘寒复结,谓之「蹙凌水」。水信有常,率以为准,非时暴涨,谓之「客水」。其水势,凡移谼横注,岸如刺毁,谓之「札岸」。涨溢逾防,谓之「抹岸」。埽岸故朽,潜流漱其下,谓之「塌岸」。浪势旋激,岸土上隤,谓之「沦卷」。水浸岸逆涨,谓之「上展」。顺涨谓之「下展」。或水乍落,直流之中忽屈曲横射,谓之「径穴叫」。水猛骤移,其将澄处望之明白,谓之「拽白」,亦谓之「明滩」。湍怒略渟,势稍汨起,行舟值之多溺,谓之「荐浪水」。水退淤淀,夏则胶土肥腴,初秋则黄灭土颇为疏壤,深秋则白灭土,霜降后皆沙也。

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