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《卷十四》
8  | 名何所昉乎自有真宰斯有天地有天地斯有人有人斯有性性立真宰竅矣竅乃有道道乃有物物乃有分數分數乃有稱謂蒼然穹而覆也吾無以謂之名曰天坱然塊而載也吾無以謂之名曰地若此者生於分之無以謂而強以謂之者也其凡為分名者類是也而分之實不在是也物有至寡吾無以謂也名曰一物有至多吾無以謂之名曰兆若此者生于數之無以謂而強以謂之者也其凡為數名者類是也而數之實不在是也辟之上古結繩以為治謂治在繩不可也南夷刻木以為信謂信在木不可也海外有國舉物不能為辭而以手示其形形果在手乎又有國焉以草木紀嵗以鳥獸紀官嵗與官果在草木鳥獸乎向使古之制名者名天以謂地名地以謂天奚不可也名兆以謂一名一以謂兆奚不可也又使之名鵠為黒名烏為白名鳬為長名鶴為短亦奚不可也然則人之有姓名其亦無以謂之而強以謂之者與嘗試觀之名何為乎號于口者聲音也書于簡者㸃畫也以視之斯人果一耶抑非耶是故古今名相如者三矣固不皆相如也名無忌者亦三矣固不皆無忌也而世之君子譽則喜毀則怒以為是非存焉貴則悅賤則悲以為榮辱存焉不知名固無名而何是非榮辱之足奸乎乃若搢紳之彥負介之子鉛槧之士閭巷之俠以逮一行一藝咸欲貌榮名施于無既三家之市三尺童子初無名師莫不喜名子不以情孝臣不以情忠兄弟不以情友朋徒不以情信藩垣起於屬毛而戈矛藏於投膠智競乎早力果乎誸而目則瞿瞿而身則捲捲而口含瓦礫而心懐詛盟焦形神捐死生以趨之則名之流禍深也吾知生無以救枵腹而死無以潤腐骼悲夫 |
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