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Scope: 宋書
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卷十六志第六 禮三

57
大明五年九月甲子,有司奏:「南郊祭用三牛;廟四時祠六室用二牛。明堂肇建,祠五帝,太祖文皇帝配,未詳祭用幾牛?」太學博士司馬興之議:「案鄭玄注《禮記大傳》:稱『《孝經》郊祀后稷以配天,配靈威仰也。宗祀文王於明堂,以配上帝,配五帝也。』夫五帝司方,位殊功一,牲牢之用,理無差降。太祖文皇帝躬成天地,則道兼覆載;左右群生,則化洽四氣。祖、宗之稱,不足彰無窮之美;金石之音,未能播勳烈之盛。故明堂聿脩,聖心所以昭玄極;泛配宗廟,先儒所以得禮情。愚管所見,謂宜用六牛。」博士虞議:「祀帝之名雖五,而所生之實常一。五德之帝,迭有休王,各有所司,故有五室。宗祀所主,要隨其王而饗焉。主一配一,合用二牛。」祠部郎顏奐議:「祀之為義,並五帝以為言。帝雖云五,牲牢之用,謂不應過郊祭廟祀。宜用二牛。」

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