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Scope: 杜詩詳註
Condition : Contains text 「􀥲」
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《卷一》

28
沈約標律詩八病有平頭上尾蜂腰鶴膝等名不可不知若大韻小韻正紐旁紐尚非所重所謂平頭者前句上二字與後句上二字同聲如古詩今日良宴㑹歡樂難具陳今歡同聲日樂同聲是平頭也又如朝雲晦初景丹池晚飛雪飄披聚還散吹揚凝其威四句上二字皆平聲是平頭也又如周王褒詩髙箱照雲母壯馬飾當顱單衣火浣布利劍水精珠四句疊用四物而每物各用一虛一實字靣亦平頭也又如杜摯詩伊摯為媵臣呂望身操竿夷吾困商販甯戚對牛歎食其處監門淮陰饑不餐疊引古人皆在句首是亦平頭也所謂上尾者上句尾字與下句尾字俱用平聲雖韻異而聲則同是犯上尾如古詩西北有髙樓上與浮雲齊樓與齊皆平聲又如庭
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有若榴緑葉含丹榮榴與榮亦平聲也又一句尾字與三句尾字連用同聲是亦上尾如古詩客從逺方來遺我一書札上言長相思下言久離別來思皆平聲又如新製齊紈素皎㓗如霜雪裁為合歡扇團圓似秋月素扇皆去聲亦犯上尾矣其在七律如杜詩春酒杯濃琥珀薄與誤疑茅堂入江麓同係入聲王維詩新豐樹裏行人度與聞道甘泉能獻賦去聲同韻皆犯上尾也又如杜秋興詩西望瑤池降王母東來紫氣滿函闗雲移雉尾開宫扇日繞龍鱗識聖顔王母函闗宮扇聖顔俱在句尾未免疊足亦犯上尾若林花著雨臙脂落水荇牽風翠帶長龍虎新軍深駐輦芙蓉別殿漫焚香前聨拈落長二字於句尾後聨移深漫二字於上靣便不犯同矣蔡寛夫詩話云蜂腰鶴膝葢出於雙聲之變若五字首尾皆濁音中一字獨清則兩頭大而中間小即為蜂腰若五字首尾皆清音中一字獨濁則兩頭細而中間粗即為鶴膝矣今按張衡詩邂逅承際㑹是以濁夾清為蜂腰也如傅𤣥詩徽音冠青雲是以清夾濁為鶴膝也舊注以客從逺方來上言長相思為鶴膝意不分明所謂大韻者如微暉同韻上句第一字不得與下句第五字相犯阮籍詩微風照羅袂明月耀清暉是也所謂小韻者如清明同韻上句第四字不得與下句第一字相犯詩云薄帷鑒明月清風吹我襟是也所謂正紐者如溪起憩三字為一紐上句有溪字下句再用憩字庾闡詩朝濟清溪岸夕憩五龍泉是正紐也所謂旁紐者如長梁同韻長上聲為丈上句首用丈字下句首用梁字是亦相犯詩云丈夫且安坐梁塵將欲起此旁紐也在七律如杜詩逺開山嶽散江湖山散為正紐如丈人才力猶強健丈強為旁紐矣此外又有雙聲疊韻之法南史王元謨問謝莊曰何者為雙聲何者為疊韻答曰互䕶為雙聲磝碻為疊韻學林新編曰雙聲者同音而不同韻疊韻者同音而又同韻也如李羣玉詩方穿詰曲﨑嶇路又聽鈎輈格磔聲詰曲﨑嶇乃雙聲鈎輈格磔乃疊韻也蔡寛夫曰如杜詩卑枝低結子接葉暗巢鶯即疊韻也僧皎然詩評曰沈休文酷裁八病碎用四聲故風雅殆盡後人天機不高多為沈法所縛懵然隨流溺而不返矣
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