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《卷二》
10  | 此二节是言君子法坤之事也常常道也有庆谓终有得朋之庆孔子释坤彖辞曰君子法坤行事亦法坤徳之正而已无成者坤之道若进居物先则迷而失道矣柔顺者坤之常若退居物后则顺而得常矣葢先者非贞而后者为贞君子之行必居于后者也往西南则得朋谓隂居隂方此求彼应乃得其朋𩔖而与之偕行矣往东北则丧朋谓隂居阳方处非其地若反而之于西南乃终得朋而可以𫉬庆矣葢西南为贞而东北非贞君子之行必于西南者也惟知居后之为贞而安之则行不越度而循分足以有功知往西南之为贞而安之则交不失人而同𩔖足以相济其𫉬吉也不有与地道之含𢎞光大同一无疆者乎地以厚载配天之无疆君子以安贞应地之无疆其理一而已矣按注疏谓东北丧朋以隂之为物必离其党而后𫉬吉𧰼人臣离其党而入君之朝程传亦从其说与本义不合而其理可以互相𤼵明葢人臣无私交泰之朋兦涣之涣羣皆取离散朋党之义在坤为纯隂至顺自与狎昵柔邪者不同而以隂从阳刚柔相济固臣道之至正而亦易理所不废也𧰼曰地势坤君子以厚徳载物 |
| 44 | 上六乗马班如泣血涟如象曰泣血涟如何可长也此一爻是言无才无辅不能出险也周公系屯上爻曰从来天道人事穷极则通乱极则治上六居屯之极正有可亨之机乃隂柔无才又无辅助因循不进坐失事几徒为无益之忧惧而已有乗马班如泣血涟如之象孔子释上象曰上六当屯极之时昧于出险之义既不能致治则必入于败兦泣血涟如岂长乆之道哉此圣人危其辞以为济屯者戒也易之所重徳与应而已阳刚之徳虽无应犹可有济若质本隂柔而复无阳刚之应鲜不败矣即此卦而言二之班如以待五也四之班如以求二也皆为隂与阳应故有吉利而无凶悔就诸卦而言否之上九以才足倾否则喜蹇之上六以来就九五则吉其他如复如坎如困则无徳无应与屯之上同一象矣故曰阳为贵隂为贱易之通义也 |
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