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《經學歷史》
37  | 後漢取士，必經明行修；蓋非專重其文，而必深攷其行。前漢匡、張、孔、馬皆以經師居相位，而無所匡救。光武有鑒於此，故舉逸民，賓處士，褒崇節義，尊經必尊其能實行經義之人。後漢三公，如袁安、楊震、李固、陳蕃諸人，守正不阿，視前漢匡、張、孔、馬大有薰蕕之別。《儒林傳》中所載如戴憑、孫期、宋登、楊倫、伏恭等，立身皆有可觀。范蔚宗論之，以為：「所談者仁義，所傳者聖法也。故人識君臣父子之綱，家知違邪歸正之路。自桓、靈之間，君道秕僻，朝綱日陵，國隙屢啟。自中智以下靡不審其崩離，而權強之臣息其窺盜之謀，豪俊之夫屈於鄙生之議者，人誦先王言也，下畏逆順勢也。……跡衰敝之所由致，而能多歷年所者，斯豈非學之效乎！」顧炎武以范氏為知言，謂：「三代以下，風俗之美，無尚於東京者。」然則，國家尊經重學，非直肅清風化，抑可搘拄衰微。無識者以為經學無益而欲去之，觀於後漢之時，當不至如秦王謂儒無益人國矣。 |
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