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-> -> 第三十八章

《第三十八章》[View] [Edit] [History]

1 上德不德,是以有德;下德不失德,是以無德。上德無為而無以為,下德為之而有以為。上仁為之而無以為,上義為之而有以為,上禮為之而莫之應,則攘臂而仍之。故失道而後德,失德而後仁,失仁而後義,失義而後禮。夫禮者,忠信之薄,而亂之首也。前識者,道之華,而愚之始也。是以大丈夫處其厚,不處其薄。居其實,不居其華。故去彼取此。
2 上德之士,不見有德之象,而且有德之量。下德之士,不欲自失其有德之名,而已先成為無德之人。上德不德,守無為也,亦因萬物自化而無以為也。下德不失德,喜有為也,反令群情好動,而有以為也。仁之所為者,親之是也。天下悅服,故亦無以為也。義之所為者,畏之是也,天下震感,故亦有以為也。然仁,一仁也。義,一義也。至於禮,則朝有因革,野有殊俗,則為之甚難也。欲強而行之,民莫與應,反使攘臂相爭,自仍所從,天下事不將難為乎?
3 夫大道不爭,即能使民不爭,此何如之上理哉?乃一失而為仁矣,又一失而為義矣,再一失而為禮矣。而後云云者,所以嘆氣運之轉移,非謂仁義之有偏用也。夫禮以忠信為根本,薄俗起而反開侮亂,必賴禮以還淳也。前識者,性道之光明,華焰盛而反生愚暗,亦前識之變更也。是以大丈夫立身處厚不處薄,居實不居華,去取攸宜,謂渾樸猶在人間可也。
URN: ctp:ws156164

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