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卷五十三

30
《宋书·乐志》曰:「《鞞舞》未详所起,然汉代已施于燕享矣。傅毅、张衡所赋,皆其事也。魏曹植《鞞舞歌序》曰:『汉灵帝西园鼓吹,有李坚者,能《鞞舞》。遭乱,西随段熲。先帝闻其旧有技,召之。坚既中废,兼古曲多谬误,故改作新歌五篇。』晋《鞞舞歌》,亦五篇,并陈于元会。《鞞舞》故二八,桓玄将即真,太乐遣众伎。袁明子启增满八佾,相承不复革。宋明帝自改舞曲歌辞,并诏近臣虞并作。」《古今乐录》曰:「《鞞舞》,梁谓之《鞞扇舞》,即《巴渝》是也。鞞扇,器名也。鞞扇上舞作《巴渝弄》,至《鞞舞》竟,岂非《巴渝》一舞二名,何异《公莫》亦名《巾舞》也。汉曲五篇:一曰《关东有贤女》,二曰《章和二年中》,三曰《乐久长》,四曰《四方皇》,五曰《殿前生桂树》,并章帝造。魏曲五篇:一《明明魏皇帝》,二《大和有圣帝》,三《魏历长》,四《天生烝民》,五《为君既不易》,并明帝造,以代汉曲。其辞并亡。陈思王又有五篇:一《圣皇篇》,以当《章和二年中》;二《灵芝篇》,以当《殿前生桂树》;三《大魏篇》,以当汉吉昌,四《精微篇》,以当《关中有贤女》,五《孟冬篇》,以当狡兔。按汉曲无汉吉昌、狡兔二篇,疑《乐久长》《四方皇》是也。」《隋书·乐志》曰:「《鞞舞》,汉《巴渝舞》也。」按《乐录》《隋志》并以《鞞舞》为《巴渝》,今考汉、魏二篇,歌辞各异,本不相乱。盖因梁、陈之世,于《鞞舞》前作《巴渝弄》,遂云一舞二名,殊不知二舞亦容合作,犹《巾舞》以《白紵》送,岂得便谓《白紵》为《巾舞》邪?失之远矣。

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