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《卷四》
148  | 毛傳曰為雅為南也舞四夷之樂大徳廣所及也東夷之樂曰昧南夷之樂曰任西夷之樂曰株離北夷之樂曰禁以為籥舞若是為和而不僣矣毛傳甚簡釋此獨詳誠為可信又東都賦注劉淵林引韓詩內傳王者舞六代之樂舞四夷之樂大徳廣之所及後漢陳忠云王者合歡之樂舞於堂四夷之樂陳於門故詩曰以雅以南韎任朱離註引薛君章句曰南夷之樂唯南可以和於樂以其人聲音及樂籥不僣差也毛詩無韎任朱離之文蓋見齊魯之詩也今亡是四家之說合尤若可信然攷周禮韎師掌教韎樂舉東以該四夷故以名其官毛傳以笙磬為東方之樂東為萬物之始故舉以該四方何以此詩不言韎而言南乎又旄人掌教舞夷樂䪘屨氏掌四夷之樂與其聲歌祭祀則吹而歌之四夷之樂既皆可吹而歌則不得謂惟南可和於雅矣況南方之樂既曰任自不得更謂之南而陳忠言南又言任則不得以南為夷樂可知忠意以雅以南便是合歡之樂韎任朱離方為四夷之樂耳故歐陽欲闕所未詳云左傳南籥是文王之樂詩又以周南召南為文王之詩此以雅以南不知南為何樂而七經小傳云鼓鐘詩以雅以南文王世子胥鼔南皆指文王樂也則吴季子所觀象箾南籥者也非指南夷之樂也南夷之樂曰任不曰南謂之南強厥名矣雲鼔鐘之詩傷幽王亂文武之樂故末及雅與南雅亦用籥南亦用籥故曰以籥不僣也蘇傳亦云雅二雅南二南籥解見簡兮篇鄭夹漈季迂仲范逸齋程泰之呂東萊俱從蘇朱傳從之蓋儀禮樂有四節首節升歌此歌以瑟次節笙入輔笙以磬三節間歌歌笙相禪所謂鼔瑟鼓琴笙磬同音也以上皆奏雅樂四節合樂歌二南所謂以雅以南也孟子言管籥之音則播雅南於籥周旋相應所謂以籥不僣也又單言雅可合風詩在內如杜夔記雅樂四篇騶虞伐檀鹿鳴文王是也並言雅南則分二雅二南為宜矣若就毛鄭二家言毛公師傳有自而其意亦優毛以雅為先王之樂舞南為四夷之樂舞籥為文舞以是三舞與上瑟琴笙磬節奏齊同如是乃為不僣也鄭以萬為武舞而雅即萬舞對籥舞為文舞鄭云雅萬舞也萬也南也籥也三舞不僣言進退之旅也周樂尚武故謂萬舞為雅雅者正也籥舞文樂也則不免穿鑿耳 |
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