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《卷第下》
18  | 夫九州之人言语不同生民已来固常然矣自春秋摽齐言之传离骚目楚词之经此盖其较明之初也后有杨雄著方言其书大备然皆考名物之同异不显声读之是非也逮郑玄注六经髙诱解吕览淮南许慎造说文刘熹制释名始有譬况假借以证音字耳而古语与今殊别其间轻重清浊犹未可晓加以外言内言急言徐言读若之类益使人疑孙叔言创尔雅音义是汉末人独知反语至于魏世此事大行髙贵郷公不觧反语以为恠异自兹厥后音韵锋出各有土风●相非笑指马之谕未知孰是共以帝王都邑叅校方俗考核古今为之折𠂻权而量之独金陵与洛下耳南方水土和柔其音清举而切诣失在浮浅其辞多鄙俗北方山川深厚其音沉浊而鈋钝得其质直其辞多古语然冠冕君子南方为优闾里小人北方为愈易服而与之谈南方士庶数言可辩隔垣而聴其语北方朝野终日难分而南染吴越北杂夷虏皆有深弊不可具论其谬失轻微者则南人以钱为涎以石为射以贱为羡以是为䑛北人以庶为戍以如为儒以紫为姊以洽为狎如此之例两失甚多至邺已来唯见崔子约崔曕叔侄李祖仁李蔚兄弟颇事言词少为切正李季节著音谱决疑时有错失阳休之造切韵殊为踈野吾见儿女虽在孩稚便渐督正之一言讹替以为己罪矣云为品物未考书记者不敢辄名汝曹所知也古今言语时俗不同著述之人楚夏各异苍颉训诂反稗为逋卖反娃为于乖战国䇿音刎为免穆天子传音谏为间●文音戞为棘读皿为猛字林音看为口甘反音伸为辛韵集以成仍宏登合成两韵为竒益石分作四章李登声类以系音羿刘昌宗周官音读乘若承此例甚广必须考校前世反语又多不切徐仙民毛诗音反骤为在遘左传音切椽为徒縁不可依信亦为衆矣今之学士语亦不正古独何人必应随其讹僻乎通俗文曰入室求日搜反为兄侯然则兄当音所荣反今北俗通行此音亦古语之不可用者璵璠鲁之寳玉当音馀烦江南皆音藩屏之藩岐山当音为竒江南皆呼为神祇之祇江陵䧟没此音被于闗中不知二者何所承案以吾浅学未之前闻也北人之音多以举莒为矩唯李季节云齐桓公与管仲于台上谋伐莒东郭牙望桓公口开而不闭故知所言者莒也然则莒矩必不同呼此为知音矣夫物体自有精麄精麄谓之好恶人心有所去取去取谓之好恶下乌故上呼号反此音见于葛洪徐邈而河北学士读尚书云好考呼反生恶杀反于各是为一论物体一就人情殊不通矣甫者男子之美称古书多假借为父字北人遂无一人呼为甫者亦所未喻唯管仲范增之●须依字读耳范增●亚父管仲●仲父案诸字书焉字鸟名或云语词皆音于愆反自葛洪要用字苑分焉字音训若训何训安当音于愆反于焉逍遥于焉嘉客焉用佞焉得仁之类是也若送句及助词当音矣愆反故称龙焉故称血焉有民人焉有社稷焉托始焉尔晋郑焉依之类是也江南至今行此分别昭然易晓而河北混同一音虽依古读不可行于今也邪者瑘音未定之词左传曰不知天之弃鲁邪抑鲁君有罪于鬼神邪庄子云天邪地邪汉书云是邪非邪之类是也而北人即呼为也字亦为误矣难者曰系辞云乾坤易之门戸邪此又为未定辞乎荅曰何为不尔上先标问下方列德以折之耳江南学士读左传口相传述自为凡例军自败曰败打破人军曰败反𥙷败诸记传未见补败反徐仙民读左传唯一䖏有此音又不言自败败人之别此为穿凿耳 古人云膏梁难整以其为骄奢自足不能克励也吾见王侯外戚语多不正亦由内染贱保𫝊外无良师友故耳梁世有一侯常对元帝饮谑自陈痴钝乃成颸叚元帝荅之云颸异凉风段非干木谓郢州为永州元帝啓报简文简文云庚辰吴入遂成司𨽻如此之类举口皆然元帝手教诸子侍读以此为诫河北反攻字为古琮与工公功三字不同殊为僻也比世有人名暹自称为纎名琨自称为衮名洸自称为汪名䋤药音自称为獡乐音非唯音韵舛错亦使其儿孙避讳纷纭矣 |
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