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Scope: 读书杂释
Condition : Contains text “貣”
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卷四

1
《诗》:「烈假不瑕。」毛传云:「烈,业。假,大也。」笺云:「厉、假皆疾也。瑕,已也。」阮氏《校勘记》曰:「此笺当云:『烈、假皆病也』下笺为『厉假之行者』,当作『厉瘕之行者』。上仍用经字以为训,下则竟改其字,以显『烈』、『假』是『厉』、『瘕』之借。」鼒按:《隶释》载《唐公房碑》有云「疠蛊不遐」、「去其螟」,皆用《诗》语,碑文盖本三家《诗》,知郑此笺亦本三家改毛,非师心妄作也。按《说文·疒部》:「瘕,女病也。从疠,声。」「疠,恶疾也。从疒,虿省声。」两字相次,知古人文字本相次比也。又,《说文》谓「瘕为女疾」,「蛊为腹中虫」,引《春秋传》曰:「皿虫为蛊,晦淫之所生也。臬桀死之。」《左传》「以女惑男,则疾为蛊」之本义,与《说文》训「瘕为女疾」相合。又,《说文》训「蛊为腹中虫」,而《南山经》云:「招摇之山,丽𪊨之水出焉,其中多育沛,佩之无瘕疾。」郭注云:「瘕,虫病也。」《史记·扁鹊仓公列传》:「臣意诊其脉,曰蛲瘕。」张守节《正义》曰:「人腹中短虫。」据《山海经》、《史记》两注,知瘕亦得训为腹中虫。《索隐》音檟,《广韵》音瘕,古马切,知此字与假同音。假本音古,则瘕亦得音古,「古」、「蛊」同音,则知「瘕」与「蛊」亦同音,音义皆同,故「假」为「瘕」之借字,亦即为「蛊」之借字也。至「烈」之为「厉」,「瑕」之通「遐」,其义尤显矣。

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