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《宜齋野乘》
39  | 唐世舉人呼巳第者為先輩其自目則曰前進士按魏文帝黃初五年立太學初詣學者為門人滿歲試通一經補弟子滿二歲試通二經者補文學掌故不通經者聽須後試故後試稱先試而得第者為先輩由此也前進士云者亦放此猶曰早得進士而其輩行在先也此皆演繁露載通典語枋即容齋續筆載貽子録云同年小録是雙只先輩各一人分寫宴上長少分雙只相向而坐以東為上儭以西為首給舍員外遺補多來突宴東先輩不遷而西先輩避位又紹聖間王聖塗澠水燕談云蘇德詳漢相禹圭之子建隆四年進士第一人登第初還鄉裏太守置宴以慶之樂作伶人致語曰昔年隨侍嘗為宰相郎君今日登科又是狀元先輩又司馬溫公勸學歌云一朝雲路果然登姓名亞等呼先輩詳味溫公之言則登雲路者方呼先輩如今黃甲並呼狀元一般先輩猶言前名也又葛常之丹陽集云小說載優人有以李義山服藍縷之衣而出或問曰先輩之衣何在曰為館中諸學士撏將去矣人以為笑又王直方詩話雲蕭貫嘗夢至宮庭中賦詩有一人曰先輩異日必貴又春渚紀聞載棋待詔劉仲甫聞祝不疑先輩名品髙著人傳今秋來試南省若以二家所載觀之則以先輩為稱呼決非前輩之比又韋莊浣花集有癸丑年下第獻新先輩詩又墨客揮犀言今人於榜下擇壻號曰臠婿有一新先輩少年為貴家所慕欲以女妻之又彭應來有賀新先輩二十八人及第詩結句雲回頭應念差池者重待陽和振羽毛言新先輩則謂狀元為前名明矣若以為長上先生則安得加一新字又曰少年摭言載牛僧孺應舉時韓愈皇甫湜見之於青龍寺稱牛為即先輩又田表聖錫咸平集與胡旦書雲秀才即先輩乃即日可為先輩也其義甚明今人詩集中因見唐詩有先輩二字不深考其故皆誤作前輩近時有稱道士為先輩尤可笑也 |
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