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《卷下之下》
57  | 爾雅曰螽蜙蝑也揚雄云舂黍也幽州人謂之舂箕舂箕即舂黍蝗類也長而青長角長股青色黑斑其股似玳瑁文五月中以兩股相槎或作切作聲聞數十步爾雅蜤螽蜙蝑邢疏蜤螽周南作螽斯七月作斯螽雖字異文倒其實一也一名蜙蝑一名蜙䗥一名蝽●蜤音斯鄭註蜙蝑音嵩胥一名蜙䗥即一種大青蚱蜢股長而鳴甚響毛傅螽斯蜙蝑也郭璞方言云江東呼為虴蜢埤雅螽斯蟲之不妒忌一母百子者也故詩以為子孫衆多之況或曰似蝗而小詩曰五月斯螽動股言螽斯股成而奮迅之也爾雅曰螽醜奮蓋于時股成而奮迅之則方春尚弱也蔡邕月令曰其類乳于土中深埋其卵江東謂之蚱蜢善害田穉公羊曰●何以書記災也蜮何以書紀異也字蓋從冬冬終也至冬而終故謂之螽魯十月而有螽孔子曰火伏而後蟄者畢今火猶西流再失䦌也爾雅翼動股蝗屬也春秋書螽在秋者四在八月者三在九月十月者一在十二月者二惟十二月者乃失閏之過其餘八九十月者蓋夏之六七八月也螽類羣盛故有雨螽于宋言自上而下衆多之甚故以雨言之今蝗之盛或蔽天其過河皆相銜而過亹亹不絶說文蝗螽也考工記股鳴蜙蝑動股屬朱註螽斯蝗屬一生九十九子大全問螽即是春秋所書之螽切疑斯字只是語辭朱子曰詩中固有以斯為語辭者如鹿斯之奔湛湛露斯之類是也然七月詩乃云斯螽動股則恐螽斯是名也詩紀蘇氏曰螽斯一生八十一子詩緝曰螽斯蝗也蠜也斯語助也即阜螽也非七月所謂斯螽也螽蝗生子最多信宿即羣飛因飛而見其多故以羽言之喻子孫之衆多也今攷爾雅云阜螽蠜李氏陸璣許氏蔡邕之說阜螽即蝗也蠜也螣也同是一物爾雅又云蜤螽蜙蝑此別是一物蝗之類也螽斯即阜螽非蜤螽也毛氏誤以此螽斯為蚣蝑孔氏因之遂以螽斯斯螽為一物斯語助猶鸒斯鹿斯也春秋書螽即蝗也蘇氏謂螽斯一生八十一子朱氏云一生九十九子今俗言蝗一生百子不必以定數言之但以生子多者莫如蝗耳鄭箋云凡物有陰陽情慾者無不妬忌惟蜙蝑否耳各得受氣而生子故能詵詵然衆多玉堂閒話云螽斯蝗屬或曰魚卵所化每嵗生育或三或四每一生其卵盈百自卵及翼凡一月而飛羽翼未成跳躍而行按螽斯之族實煩爾雅並列五種一曰蛗螽蠜詩云趯趯阜螽者是也一曰草螽負蠜詩云喓喓草蟲者是也一曰蜤螽蜙蝑詩云螽斯羽者是也又有所謂蟿螽螇蚸者形似蜙蝑而細長飛翅作聲者也又有所謂土螽蠰谿者今謂之土□江南呼虴蛨又名蚱蜢似蝗細小善跳者也此二種經文不載爾雅又云螽醜奮蓋謂螽蝗之類好奮迅作聲而飛者也又云強醜捋蓋謂螽斯之類好以腳自摩捋者也分疏甚眀不知諸家何故相駁相溷總之螽蓋蝗屬曰屬則似是而非者也必欲指為介蟲之孽尤為可怪喓喓草蟲 |
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