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《卷七 Volume 7》[View] [Edit] [History]
An aligned English translation of this text is available and can be displayed alongside the source text (instructions). Please note that AI has been used in creating these translations. Translation setting: [None] [English]《楊發 Yang Fa》 | |
1  | 發，大和四年禮部侍郎鄭澣下第二人及第。工詩，亦當時聲韻之偉者。略舉一篇，《宿黃花館》云：「孤館蕭條槐葉稀，暮蟬聲隔水聲微。年年為客路長在，日日送人身未歸。何處離鴻迷浦月，誰家愁婦搗寒衣。夜深不臥簾猶捲，數點殘螢入戶飛。「俱瀏亮清新，頗驚凡聽。恨其出處事跡不得而知也。有詩傳世尚多。 Fa was the second-place jidi in the examination presided over by Li Bu shilang Zheng Huan in the fourth year of Daito. He was skilled in poetry and also a great figure of his time in terms of poetic style and rhythm. One example is "Sux Huanghua Guan," which reads: "The solitary inn is desolate with sparse locust leaves; the evening cicada's sound is faint, separated by rippling water." "Year after year, I travel a long road as a guest; day after day, I bid farewell to others while my own body has yet to return." "Where have the migrating geese gone, lost in the moonlight over the riverbank? Whose sorrowful wife is pounding cold clothes at night?" "At deep night I do not lie down, and the curtain remains rolled up; a few faint fireflies flutter into the room." "The verses are all clear, bright, and fresh, greatly impressing ordinary listeners." It is a pity that his background and deeds cannot be known. He left behind many poems that have been passed down to the present day. |
《李遠 Li Yuan》 | |
| 1 | 遠，字求古，大和五年杜陟榜進士及第，蜀人也。少有大志，誇邁流俗，為詩多逸氣，五彩成文。早歷下邑，詞名卓然。宣宗時，宰相令狐綯進奏擬遠杭州刺史，上曰：「朕聞遠詩有『青山不厭千杯酒，白日惟銷一局棋。』是疏放如此，豈可臨郡理人「綯曰：「詩人托此以寫高興耳，未必實然。」上曰：「且令往觀之。」至，果有治聲。性簡儉，嗜啖鳧鴨。貴客經過，無他贈，厚者綠頭一雙而已。後歷忠、建、江三州刺史，仕終御史中丞。初牧湓城，求天寶遺物，得秦僧收楊妃襪一裲，珍襲，呈諸好事者。會李群玉校書自湖湘來，過九江，遠厚遇之，談笑永日。群玉話及向賦《黃陵廟詩》，動朝雲幕雨之興，殊亦可怪。遠曰：「僕自獲凌波片玉，軟輕香窄，每一見，未嘗不在馬嵬下也。」遂更相戲笑，各有賦詩。後來頗為法家所短。蓋多情少束，亦徒以微辭相感動耳。有詩集一卷，今傳。 Yuan, courtesy name Qiugu, was a jinshi laureate in the fifth year of Daito under the examination presided by Du Zhi; he was a native of Shu. From a young age, he had great ambitions and surpassed the vulgar trends of his time; his poetry was full of bold spirit and colorful expression. He held early appointments in minor counties, but his reputation as a poet stood out distinctly. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, Chancellor Linghu Tao recommended Yuan for the post of cishi of Hangzhou. The emperor said: "I have heard that Yuan's poetry includes the lines 'Green mountains never tire of a thousand cups of wine; daylight is spent only on one game of chess.'" "This shows such carefree and unrestrained character. How can one with this disposition govern a district and manage people?" Tao replied, "This is merely how poets express their joy; it does not necessarily reflect reality." The emperor said: "Let him go for now and see what happens." When he arrived, indeed there was a reputation for good governance. He had a simple and frugal nature and loved to eat ducks and geese. When distinguished guests passed through, he gave no other gifts; at most, only a pair of green-headed ducks. Later, he served as cishi of Zhongzhou, Jianzhou, and Jiangzhou, and his official career ended with the post of Zhongcheng of the Yushi Department. Initially serving as magistrateship in Pun Cheng, he sought after relics from the Tianbao era and obtained a pair of Yang Fei's stockings collected by a Buddhist monk surnamed Qin. He treasured them highly and presented them to those who were interested in such matters. When Li Qunyu, a scholar-official from the Hu Xiang region, passed through Jiujiang on his way, Yuan treated him warmly and they spent the whole day in conversation and laughter. Qunyu spoke of his former poem "Huangling Temple," which stirred up feelings reminiscent of drifting clouds and drizzling rain; it was indeed quite remarkable. Yuan said, "Ever since I obtained this piece of jade from Lingbo, soft and fragrant with a narrow shape, every time I see it, I have never not been beneath the Ma嵬 Hill." They then laughed and teased each other further, composing poems in response. Later on, he was somewhat criticized by legalists. It seems that his emotional nature and lack of restraint led to this; it was merely a matter of being moved by subtle words, after all. He left behind one poetry collection, which is still in circulation today. |
《李敬方 Li Jingfang》 | |
| 1 | 敬方，字中虔，長慶三年鄭冠榜進士。大和中，仕為歙州刺史。後坐事，左遷台州刺史。有詩一卷，傳世。 Jingfang, courtesy name Zhongqian, was a jinshi in the third year of Changqing under the examination presided over by Zheng Guan. lineno During the Daito period, he served as cishi (governor) of Xizhou. Later, due to some misconduct, he was demoted and transferred to serve as cishi of Taizhou. He left behind a poetry collection in one volume, which has been passed down through the ages. |
《許渾 Xu Hun》 | |
| 1 | 渾，字仲晦，潤州丹陽人，圉師之後也。大和六年李珪榜進士，為當塗、太平二縣令。少苦學勞心，有清羸之疾，至是以伏枕免。久之，起為潤州司馬。大中三年，拜監察御史，歷虞部員外郎，睦、郢二州刺史。嘗分司朱方，買田築室，後抱病退居丁卯澗橋村舍，暇日綴錄所作，因以名集。渾樂林泉，亦慷慨悲歌之士。登高懷古，已見壯心，故為格調豪麗，猶強弩初張，牙淺弦急，俱無留意耳。至今慕者極多，家家自謂得驪龍之照夜也。早歲嘗游天臺，仰看瀑布，旁眺赤城奰娣焦閿邛閒蹋媸龐諦塚勤旒娉浚罾烙氖ぁ＠仕興鉲鹿鷗常寥揮興脊櫓耄敬娌恍啵徊不忍去以王事不果有負初心后書夢登山有宮闕凌虛問曰此崑崙也少頃見有數人方飲招渾就坐暮而罷一佳人出箋求詩未成夢破后吟曰曉入瑤颱露氣清庭中惟見許飛璚凡心未斷塵緣在十裏雲山空月明他日復夢至山中佳人曰子何題余姓名於人間遂改為天風吹下步虛聲曰善矣渾才思翩翩仙子所愛夢寐求之一至于此昔子建賦洛神人以為徒聞虛語亦以是謂誑誕不信未幾遂卒有詩二卷今傳 Hun, courtesy name Zhonghui, was a native of Danyang, Runzhou; he was descended from the Yu Shi family. He was a jinshi under the examination presided by Li Gui in the sixth year of Daito, and served as xianling (county magistrate) for two counties: Dangtu and Taiping. From a young age he endured the hardships of study, which strained his mind; as a result, he suffered from a frail and weak condition. He eventually resigned due to illness. After some time, he was appointed as Sima of Runzhou. In the third year of Dazhong, he was conferred the title of Jiancha Yushi (Censor), and successively held positions as Yuanwailang of Yu Bu, and cishi (governor) for two states: Mu Zhou and Ying Zhou. He once served in Zhufang, where he bought land and built a house. Later, while ill, he retired to live at Dingmao Qiao Cun She village. On his leisure days, he compiled the works he had written, thus naming his collection after it. Hun loved forests and springs; he was also a man of boldness who sang sorrowful songs with passion. When he climbed high places and reflected on the past, his heroic aspirations were evident. Therefore, his poetic style was bold and magnificent—like a strong crossbow just drawn back, with shallow teeth and taut strings; all of it lacked subtlety or refinement. To this day, he has many admirers, with every household claiming to have captured the light of a black dragon's night-illuminating steed. In his early years, he once traveled to Tiantai Mountain. Looking up at the waterfall and gazing sideways toward the red city of Chicheng, he felt a sense of awe and admiration. One day, while on official business in Xingluo Chang, he found himself unable to leave due to duties, which left him feeling unfulfilled and regretful for not living up to his original aspirations. Later, in a dream, he climbed the mountain and saw palaces and halls floating in midair. He asked, "Is this Kunlun?" Soon after, several people were seen drinking together, who invited Hun to join them. They parted ways at dusk. A beautiful woman then came forward with paper and ink, requesting that he compose a poem for her. Before it was completed, the dream ended. Afterward, he recited: Morning enters Yao Tai, where dew is clear; In the courtyard, only Xǔ Feiqiong remains visible. Though my heart still clings to worldly ties, Ten miles of clouds and mountains lie beneath a bright moon alone. On another day, he dreamed again into the mountain, where the same beautiful woman said, "Why did you write my name in the world below?" He then changed his poem to: The wind from heaven blows down with ethereal sound— "Good," she said. Hun's poetic talent and graceful thoughts were cherished by fairy maidens, who sought him even in dreams. Once upon a time, Cao Zijian composed "Luo Shen Fu," which people regarded as mere empty words. Likewise, some doubted this tale as fanciful and untrue. Not long after, he passed away. He left behind two poetry collections, now still in circulation. |
《雍陶 Yong Tao》 | |
| 1 | 陶，字國鈞，成都人。工於詞賦。少貧，遭蜀中亂後，播越羈旅，有詩云：「貧當多病日，閒過少年時。」大和八年陳寬榜進士及第，一時名輩，咸偉其作。然恃才傲睨，薄於親黨。其舅雲安劉欽之下第，歸三峽，卻寄陶詩云：「山近衡陽雖少鴈，水連巴蜀豈無魚「得詩頗愧赧，遂通向不絕。大中六年，授國子毛詩博士。與賈島、殷堯藩、無可、徐凝、章孝標友善，以琴樽詩翰相娛，留長安中。大中末，出刺簡州，時名益重，自比謝宣城、柳吳興，國初諸人書奴耳。賓至，必佯佯挫辱。投贄者少得通。秀才馮道明，時稱機捷，因罷舉請謁，給閽者曰：「與太守有故。」陶倒屣，及見，呵責曰：「與足下素昧平生，何故之有「馮曰：「誦公詩文，室邇人遠，何隔平生「吟陶詩數聯，如「立當青草人先見，行近白蓮魚未知。」又「閉門客到常如病，滿院花開未是貧。」又「江聲秋入峽，雨色夜侵樓「等句。陶多其慕己，厚贈遣之。自負如此。後為雅州刺史，郭外有情盡橋，乃分衿祖別之所。因送客，陶怪之，遂於上立候館，改名折柳橋，取古樂府《折楊柳》之義。題詩曰「従來只有情難盡，何事呼為情盡橋自此改名為折柳，任它離恨一條條。」甚膾炙當時。竟辭榮，閑居廬嶽，養痾傲世，與塵事日冥矣。有《唐志集》五卷，今傳。 Tao, courtesy name Guojun, was a native of Chengdu. He was skilled in ci and fu (rhapsodies). In his youth, he was poor. After the chaos in Shu, he wandered and lived as a displaced traveler. He once wrote a poem: "Poverty comes with frequent illness; idleness passes my youthful days." He was a jinshi laureate under the examination presided by Chen Kuan in the eighth year of Daito. At that time, among his fellow renowned scholars, all admired his works greatly. However, he was arrogant and disdainful due to his talent, showing little regard for relatives and close associates. When his maternal uncle Liu Qin from Yun'an failed the examination and returned to Sanxia, he sent a poem to Tao, which read: "Though Hengyang is near but has few geese, since the water connects Ba and Shu, how can there be no fish?" Upon receiving this poem, Tao felt quite ashamed and embarrassed. From then on, their relationship was restored and remained unbroken. In the sixth year of Dazhong, he was appointed as a Maoshi Doctor at the Guozijian (Imperial Academy). He was on good terms with Jia Dao, Yin Yaofan, Wu Ke, Xu Ning, and Zhang Xiaobiao. They entertained themselves through music, wine, poetry, and calligraphy while staying in Chang'an. At the end of the Dazhong era, he was appointed cishi (governor) in Jian Zhou. At that time, his reputation grew even greater; he compared himself to Xie Xuancheng and Liu Wuxing, calling those from the early Tang dynasty merely "scribes." Whenever guests arrived, he would always act indifferently or even deliberately humiliate them. Few who came to present their credentials were granted an audience with him. A xiucai (candidate) named Feng Daoming, who was then known for his quick wit and eloquence, requested an audience after giving up on the imperial examination. He told the gatekeeper: "I have a prior connection with the governor." Tao hurriedly put on his shoes in reverse, and upon meeting Feng, scolded him: "I have never met you before; what connection could there possibly be?" Feng replied: "By reciting your poetry and prose, I feel as if our rooms are close but we are far apart. How can that be considered a lifetime of separation?" He then recited several couplets from Tao's poems, such as: "Standing among the green grass, people see me first; walking near white lotuses, fish do not yet know." He also recited: "When guests arrive and the door is closed, it feels like illness; when flowers bloom throughout the courtyard, it is not yet poverty." He also recited lines such as: "The sound of the river enters the gorges in autumn; the color of rain invades the tower at night." Impressed by Feng's admiration for him, Tao generously presented gifts and sent him off. This was how he carried himself with such self-confidence. Later, he became cishi (governor) at Yazhou. Outside the city walls was a bridge called Qingjin Qiao ("Bridge of Parting Feelings"), which served as a place for parting farewells and bidding each other goodbye with deep emotion. While seeing off a guest, Tao found the name strange and thus built an inn on the bridge. He renamed it Zheliu Qiao ("Willow-Bending Bridge"), taking its meaning from the ancient yuefu poem "Bending the Willow." He composed a poem inscribed on it: "Since ancient times, only feelings are hard to exhaust; why is this called 'Bridge of Parting Feelings'? From now on, let us rename it Willow-Bending Bridge. Let the sorrow of parting be tied in one strand after another." This poem was extremely popular and widely admired at that time. Eventually, he resigned from official honors, retired to a quiet life in Luyue, and lived there while recovering his health and maintaining an attitude of disdain for the world. He gradually became more detached from worldly affairs. He left behind a five-volume poetry collection titled Tang Zhi Ji, which is still in circulation to this day. |
《賈馳 Jia Chi》 | |
| 1 | 馳，大和九年鄭確榜進士。初負才質，蹭蹬名場。來往公卿問，擔簦躡屩，莫伸其志。嘗入關賦詩云：「河上微風來，關頭樹初濕。今朝關城吏，又見孤客人。上國誰與期，西來徒自急。」主司得聞，有憐才之意，遂放第。不甚顯宦。詩文俱得美聲。後來文士集中，多稱賈先輩，其名譽為時所重云。有集傳世。 Chi was a jinshi laureate of the ninth year of Daito in the examination presided by Zheng Que. Initially, he possessed great talent and potential but struggled to gain recognition in the imperial examinations. He traveled back and forth among high-ranking officials, carrying a bamboo staff and wearing straw sandals, yet was unable to express his ambitions or achieve success. He once composed a poem upon entering the Guan region: "A gentle wind comes from the river; the trees at the pass are just beginning to feel damp." "Today, the officials of Guancheng see another lonely traveler once more." "In the capital city, who will I meet? Coming westward is in vain and only brings urgency." The chief examiner upon hearing this poem felt sympathy for his talent and thus allowed him to pass the examination. He did not hold particularly prominent official positions. Both his poetry and prose earned high praise. Later, in the collections of many literary scholars, he was often referred to as "Xianbei Jia," and his reputation was highly esteemed by his contemporaries. His works have been passed down through generations. |
《伍喬 Wu Qiao》 | |
| 1 | 喬，少隱居廬山讀書，工為詩，與杜牧之同時擢第。初，喬與張洎少友善，洎仕為翰林學士，眷寵優異，喬時任歙州司馬，自傷不調，作詩寄洎，戒去僕曰：「俟張游宴，即投之。」洎得緘云：「不知何處好銷憂，公退攜樽即上樓。職事久參侯伯幕，夢魂長達帝王州。黃山向晚盈軒翠，黟水含春繞郡流。遙想玉堂多暇日，花時誰伴出城游「洎動容久之，為言於上，召還為考功員外郎，卒官。今有詩二十餘篇，傳於世。 Qiao, in his youth, lived in seclusion on Lushan Mountain to study. He was skilled at poetry and passed the imperial examination at the same time as Du Mu. Initially, Qiao and Zhang Ji were close friends in their youth. When Ji was appointed as Hanlin Xueshi (Academician of the Hanlin Academy) and received special imperial favor, Qiao at that time held the post of Sima in Xizhou and felt deeply distressed over his own lack of promotion. He composed a poem to send to Ji and instructed his servant: "When Zhang is out on an outing or banquet, immediately deliver it." Ji received the letter and wrote back: "I do not know where to best dispel my worries; after official duties, I carry a cup of wine and ascend the tower." For a long time, I have served in the retinues of marquises and dukes; my dreams often reach the imperial capital. The Huangshan Mountains at dusk fill the hall with emerald green, while the Yi River in spring winds around the prefecture, flowing gently. "I imagine the jade hall has many leisurely days; during blooming season, who will accompany you on a journey beyond the city walls?" Ji was deeply moved after reading this and spoke to the emperor about it. Qiao was then recalled from his post and appointed as Yuanwailang in the Kaogong Department, where he eventually passed away while still holding office. Today, more than twenty of his poems remain in circulation among the world. |
《陳上美 Chen Shangmei》 | |
| 1 | 上美，開成元年禮部侍郎高鍇放榜第二人登科。以詩鳴當時，間作悉佳制。論其骨格本峭，但少氣耳。有集今傳。夫矻矻窮經，志在死而不亡者，天道良難，無固必也。或稱碩儒，而名偶身喪；或乃頹然，而青編不削。又若以位高金多，心廣體胖，而富貴驕人，文稱功業黯黯，則未若腐草之有螢也。今群居論古終日，其人既遠，骨已朽矣，幸而照灼簡牘，未必皆揚雄、班、馬之流耳。於茲傳中，族匪聞望，官不隆重，俱以一詠爭長歲月者亦多，豈曰小道而忽之。設有白璧，入地不滿尺，出土無膚寸，雖卞和憧憧往來其間，不失者亦鮮矣。幸不幸之謂也。 Shangmei was the second-place laureate in the examination presided over by Libu shilang Gao Kai in the first year of Kaicheng. He gained fame through his poetry during his time, and all his occasional compositions were excellent works. Judging from the structure of his work, it was originally sharp and refined, but somewhat lacking in spirit or vigor. His collection is still passed down today. Indeed, to diligently study the classics with unwavering determination, aspiring for a life that may end but whose legacy will not perish—this is truly difficult under Heaven's way; nothing in this world can be taken for granted. Some are hailed as great scholars, yet their names fade and their lives end in obscurity; others may appear to have fallen into decline, but their works remain unerased from the annals of history. Still others, holding high positions and possessing great wealth, grow complacent in their comfort; they become arrogant with riches, yet their literary achievements and official accomplishments remain dim. Such people are not as admirable as decaying grass that produces fireflies. Now, when we gather in groups to discuss the ancients all day long, those people are already far removed from us; their bones have long turned to dust. Fortunately, some of them still shine through written records, but not necessarily all were figures like Yang Xiong, Ban Gu, or Sima Qian. Among those recorded here, many were not from prominent families nor held high-ranking offices; they all vied for recognition through a single verse or composition. How can such endeavors be considered trivial and thus neglected? Suppose there is a white jade, buried no more than a foot underground and exposed only by an inch when unearthed. Even if Bian He were to go back and forth tirelessly in search of it, how many would truly recognize its value? This is what is meant by fortune or misfortune. |
《李商隱 Li Shangyin》 | |
| 1 | 商隱，字義山，懷州人也。令狐楚奇其才，使游門下，授以文法，遇之甚厚。開成二年，高鍇知貢舉，楚善於鍇，獎譽甚力，遂擢進士。又中拔萃，楚又奏為集賢校理。楚出，王茂元鎮興元，素愛其才，表掌書記，以子妻之。除待御史。茂元為李德裕黨，士流嗤謫商隱，以為詭薄無行，共排擯之。來京都，久不調。更依桂林總管鄭亞府為判官，後隨亞謫循州，三年始回。歸窮於宰相綯，綯惡其忘家恩，放利偷合，従小人之辟，謝絕殊不展分。重陽日，因詣廳事，留題云：「十年泉下無消息，九日樽前有所思。」又云：「郎君官重施行馬，東閣無因許再窺。」綯見之惻然，迺補太學博士。柳仲郢節度東川，辟為判官。商隱廉介可畏，出為廣州都督，人或袖金以贈，商隱曰：「吾自性分不可易，非畏人知也。」未幾，入拜檢校吏部員外郎。罷，客滎陽，卒。商隱工詩，為文瑰邁奇古，辭難事隱。及従楚學，儷偶長短，而繁縟過之。每屬綴，多檢閱書冊，左右鱗次，號「獺祭魚」。而旨能感人，人謂其橫絕前後。時溫庭筠、段成式各以穠致相誇。號「三十六體」。後評者謂其詩「如百寶流蘇，千絲鐵網，綺密瑰妍，要非適用之具」。斯言信哉。初得大名，薄遊長安，尚希識面，因投宿逆旅，有眾客方酣飲，賦《木蘭花》詩就，呼與坐，不知為商隱也。後成一篇云：「洞庭波冷曉侵雲，日日征帆送遠人。幾度木蘭船上望，不知元是此花身。」客問姓名，大驚稱罪。時白樂天老退，極喜商隱文章，曰：「我死後，得為爾兒足矣。」白死數年，生子，遂以「白老「名之。既長，殊鄙鈍，溫飛卿戲曰：「以爾為待郎後身，不亦忝乎「後更生子，名袞師，聰俊。商隱詩云：「袞師我嬌兒，英秀乃無匹。」此或其後身也。商隱文自成一格，後學者重之，謂「西崑體「也。有《樊南甲集》二十卷，《乙集》二十卷，《玉溪生詩》三卷。初自號玉溪子。又賦一卷，文一卷，並傳于世。 Shangyin, courtesy name Yishan, was a native of Huai Zhou. Linghu Chu admired his talent and invited him to serve in his household, teaching him the principles of writing and treating him with great kindness. In the second year of Kaicheng, Gao Kai presided over the imperial examination. Since Linghu Chu had a good relationship with Gao Kai and strongly recommended him, he was thus selected as an imperial scholar. lineno He also passed the special selection for outstanding talent (bocui), and Linghu Chu again recommended him to serve as a proofreader at Jixian Academy. After Linghu Chu left, Wang Mao yuan, the military governor of Xingyuan, had long admired his talent and recommended him to serve as an official in charge of records. He also gave his daughter in marriage to Li Shangyin. He was appointed as a Censorate Official (Dai Yushi). Since Wang Mao yuan was an associate of Li Deyu, the scholar-officials ridiculed and criticized Li Shangyin, considering him deceitful and lacking in moral integrity. They collectively excluded and rejected him. He came to the capital but remained unassigned for a long time. Later, he took refuge under General Zhen Ya of Guilin as an assistant official; after Zhen Ya was exiled to Xun Zhou, Li Shangyin followed him there and returned only three years later. Upon returning, he sought help from Chancellor Du Tong, but Du Tong despised him for forgetting the kindness of his family and for pursuing profit by fawning on others. He had followed a petty official's invitation, and thus was rejected without any courtesy shown to him. On the Chongyang Festival, he happened to visit the office and left behind an inscription: "Ten years have passed without any news from beneath the spring; on this ninth day of the ninth lunar month, I raise my cup with thoughts in mind." He also wrote: "My lord holds a high office and is surrounded by attendants; the eastern pavilion no longer allows me to visit again." When Du Tong saw these lines, he felt moved and thus appointed him as a Doctor of Taixue (Imperial Academy). Liu Zhongying, the military governor of Dongchuan, invited him to serve as an assistant official. Shangyin was upright and incorruptible. When he was appointed as the military governor of Guangzhou, some people tried to give him gifts wrapped in their sleeves. Li Shangyin said: "I cannot change my nature or principles; it is not out of fear that others will find out." Not long after, he was summoned to serve as a Jianshao Lishibu Yuanwailang (an acting official of the Ministry of Personnel). After being dismissed from office, he became a guest in Yingyang and died there. Li Shangyin was skilled in poetry; his prose was magnificent, unconventional, and ancient in style, with elaborate diction concealing profound meanings. After studying under Linghu Chu, he mastered parallel prose of varying lengths, but his style became even more elaborate and ornate. Whenever he composed a piece, he often consulted many books and scrolls, arranging them in order around him; this was called "tasiyu" (the otter's fish sacrifice). Yet the essence of his writing could move people, and it was said that he stood unparalleled before or after his time. At that time, Wen Tingyun and Duan Chengshi each vied with one another in producing richly detailed works. They were collectively known as the "Sanliushili" (Thirty-Six Style) school. Later critics described his poetry as "like a tassel of a hundred treasures, and an iron net woven from a thousand threads—richly intricate and splendid, yet not practical tools for everyday use." This statement is indeed true. When he first gained fame, while briefly traveling in Chang'an and hoping to meet influential figures, he once stayed at an inn. There, a group of guests were already drinking merrily when Li Shangyin composed the poem "Mulanhua" (Wood兰花) on the spot. They invited him to join them, not knowing that it was actually Li Shangyin himself. Later he composed a poem which read: "The cold waves of Dongting Lake rise early in the morning, reaching up to the clouds; every day, sails set out on distant journeys." "How many times have I gazed from the Mulan boat, never realizing that this flower is actually myself." The guests asked for his name and were greatly surprised, expressing regret. At that time, Bai Letian had already retired in old age and greatly admired Li Shangyin's writings. He said: "If after my death I could be reborn as your son, it would be enough." Several years after Bai Letian's death, Li Shangyin had a son and named him "Bailao" in his honor. When the boy grew up, he proved to be particularly dull and unremarkable. Wen Feiqing joked: "To consider you as Bai Letian's reincarnation is not a disgrace?" Later, Li Shangyin gave birth to another son, whom he named Gunshi, who was intelligent and promising. Li Shangyin wrote a poem: "Gunshi is my beloved son; his brilliance has no equal." This might be his true reincarnation. Li Shangyin's prose formed its own unique style, and later scholars held it in high esteem, calling it the "Xikun Style." He authored twenty volumes of Fanan Jia Ji, twenty volumes of Yi Ji, and three volumes of Poems by Yuxishi. Initially, he styled himself as "Yuxizi." He also composed one volume of fu (rhapsodies) and one volume of prose, all of which were passed down to later generations. |
《喻鳧 Yu Fu》 | |
| 1 | 鳧，毗陵人，開成五年李従實榜進士，仕為烏程縣令。有詩名。晚歲變雅，鳧亦風靡，專工小巧，高古之氣掃地，所畏者務陳言之是去耳。後來才子，皆稱「喻先輩」，向慕之情足見也。同時薛瑩亦工詩。鳧詩一卷，瑩詩《洞庭集》一卷，今並傳。 Fu was a native of Piling. He passed the imperial examination in the fifth year of Kaicheng under the banner of Li Congshi and served as county magistrate of Wucheng. He had a reputation for his poetry. In later years, as the refined style changed, Fu also followed this trend. He specialized in small and delicate compositions, and the lofty and ancient spirit of poetry was completely swept away; what he feared most was merely avoiding clichéd expressions. Later generations of talented poets all referred to him as "Master Yu," and their admiration for him is clearly evident. At the same time, Xue Ying was also skilled in poetry. One volume of Fu's poems and one volume titled Dongting Ji by Xue Ying are still extant today. |
《薛逢 Xue Feng》 | |
| 1 | 逢，字陶臣，蒲州人。會昌元年，崔峴榜第三人進士。調萬年尉。未幾，佐河中幕府。崔鉉人相，引直宏文館。歷侍御史、尚書郎。持論鯁切，以謀略高自顯布衣中，與劉瑑交，而文辭出逢下，常易瑑，及當國，有薦逢知制誥者，瑑蝟言先朝以兩省官給事、舍人治州縣乃得除，逢未試州，不可。乃出為巴州刺史。初及第，與楊收、王鐸同年，而逢文藝最優。收輔政，逢有詩云：「誰知金印朝天客，同是沙堤避路人。」收銜之，斥為蓬、綿二州刺史。及鐸相，逢又賦詩云：「昨日鴻毛萬鈞重，今朝出岳一毫輕。」鐸怒。中外亦鄙逢褊傲。遷秘書監。卒。逢晚年岨峿宦途，嘗策羸赴朝，值新進士榜下，綴行而出，呵殿整然，見逢行李蕭條，前導曰：「回避新郎君！」逢囅然，因遣一介語之曰：「報道莫貧相，阿婆三五少年時，也曾東塗西抹來。」其人辟易。逢天資本高，學力亦贍，故不甚苦思，而自有豪逸之態，第長短皆率然而成，未免失淺露俗，蓋亦當時所尚，非離群絕俗之詣也。夫道家三寶，其一不敢為天下先。前人者孰肯後之。加人者孰能受之。觀逢恃才怠傲，恥在喧卑，而喋喋唇齒，亦猶惡醉而強酒也。累擯遠方，寸進尺退，至龍鐘而自憤不已，蓋禍福無不自己求者焉。有《詩集》十卷，又《別紙》十三卷，《賦集》十四卷，今並行。 Feng, courtesy name Taochen, was a native of Pu Zhou. In the first year of Huichang, he ranked third in the imperial examination under the banner of Cui Xian. He was assigned as a county official in Wannian. Not long after, he served as an assistant officer in the military office of Hezhong. When Cui Xuan became chancellor, he recommended Feng to serve at Hongwen Guan (Imperial Library). He successively held the posts of Censorate Official and Shangshu Lang. Feng was known for his firm and incisive opinions, and he distinguished himself among commoners through his strategic acumen. He became friends with Liu Zhuai, whose literary talent was considered inferior to Feng's; thus, Feng often looked down on him. When Liu Zhuai came into power, someone recommended Feng as a draftsman of imperial edicts (zhizhao). However, Zhuai strongly argued that in previous dynasties, officials from the two central departments—giving officers and secretaries—were first assigned to govern prefectures or counties before being appointed. Since Feng had not yet served at the local level, he was deemed unfit for such a post. As a result, Feng was reassigned as the governor of Bazhou. Initially, when he passed the examination, he was in the same class as Yang Shou and Wang Duo; however, Feng's literary talent was considered the most outstanding among them. When Yang Shou became a chancellor, Feng composed a poem: "Who would have known that the official bearing golden seals and going to court is but a fellow traveler on the sandy road, avoiding others." Yang Shou was offended by this poem and exiled Feng as governor of Peng Zhou and Mian Zhou. When Wang Duo became chancellor, Feng again composed a poem: "Yesterday, the weight of a goose feather was ten thousand catties; today, it is as light as a single hair from Mount Chuyue." Wang Duo became angry. Both the court and the outside world also looked down upon Feng for his narrow-mindedness and arrogance. He was transferred to serve as Director of the Secretariat (Mishu Jian). He died in office. In his later years, Feng encountered many obstacles in his official career. Once, he traveled to court on a weak horse when he happened upon the announcement of new imperial scholars. As they marched out in procession, their entourage was orderly and imposing. Seeing Feng's meager belongings, one of the leading officials shouted: "Make way for the newly appointed young master!" Feng smiled and sent a messenger to say: "Tell that young man not to look down on poverty. When my grandmother was in her teens or twenties, she too had once been busy with writing here and there." The person was startled and stepped back. Feng was naturally gifted and well-versed in learning, so he did not need to exert much effort; his works naturally displayed a bold and carefree style. However, both his long and short compositions were hastily produced without refinement, inevitably appearing shallow or conventional. This was indeed the prevailing trend of his time and did not represent an extraordinary achievement that set him apart from the crowd. The Three Treasures of Daoism include, among others, "not daring to be first in all under Heaven." Who would willingly follow those who have already taken the lead? And who could possibly endure being surpassed by others? Observing Feng, who relied on his talent and was lazy and arrogant, ashamed to be in a lowly position, yet constantly arguing and quarreling—this is like someone who hates being drunk but keeps drinking. Repeatedly exiled to distant places, advancing an inch and retreating a foot, until in his old age he remained filled with self-resentment—this shows that fortune or misfortune is always something one brings upon oneself. He authored ten volumes of Poetry Collection, thirteen volumes of Bie Zhi (Supplementary Papers), and fourteen volumes of Fu Ji (Rhapsody Collection), all of which are still in circulation today. |
《趙嘏 Zhao Gu》 | |
| 1 | 嘏，字承祐，山陽人。會昌四年鄭言榜進士。大中中，仕為渭南尉。一時名士大夫極稱道之。卑宦頗不如意。宣宗雅知其名，因問宰相：「趙嘏詩人，曾為好官否可取其詩進來！」讀其卷首題秦詩云：「徒知六國隨斤斧，莫有群儒定是非。」上不悅，事寢。嘏嘗早秋賦詩曰：「殘星數點鴈橫塞，長笛一聲人倚樓。」杜牧之呼為「趙倚樓」，賞歎之也。又初有詩，落句云：「早晚粗酬身事了，水邊歸去一閑人。「仕途屹兀，豈其讖也！嘏豪邁爽達，多陪接卿相，出入館閤，如親屬。然能以書生令遠近知重，所謂「一日名動京師，三日傳滿天下」，有自來矣。命沾仙尉，追蹤梅市，亦不惡耳。先嘏家浙西，有美姬溺愛，及計偕，留侍母。會中元遊鶴林寺，浙帥窺見悅之，奪歸。明年嘏及第，自傷賦詩曰：「寂寞堂前日又曛，陽臺去作不歸雲。當時聞說沙吒利，今日青娥屬使君。」帥聞之，殊慘慘，遣介送姬入長安。時嘏方出關，途次橫水驛，於馬上相遇，姬因抱嘏痛哭；信宿而卒，遂葬於橫水之陽。嘏思慕不已，臨終日有所見，時方四十餘。今有《渭南集》及《編年詩》二卷。悉取十三代史事迹，自始生至百歲，歲賦一首、二首，總得一百一十章。今並行於世。 Gu, courtesy name Chengyou, was a native of Shanyang. He passed the imperial examination in 844 AD under the banner of Zheng Yan. During the Dazhong period, he served as a county official (wei) in Weinan. At that time, prominent scholars and officials highly praised him. However, his official career was rather unsatisfactory. Emperor Xuanzong had long heard of his reputation and once asked the chancellor: "Zhao Gu is a poet—has he ever held an important official post? Bring me some of his poems to see!" The emperor read the first poem in the collection, which was about Qin and said: "All they knew was that the six states fell to axes and chisels; no scholars dared to determine right from wrong." The emperor was displeased, and the matter was dropped. Gu once composed a poem in early autumn: "A few stars remain as wild geese cross the frontier; the long flute's single note echoes from someone leaning on a tower." Du Mu called him "Zhao Yilou," an expression of admiration for his poetic line. He also once composed a poem with the closing lines: "When my worldly duties are done, I will return to live by the water as an idle man." "His official career was full of obstacles—was this not a prophecy?" Gu was bold, open-minded, and sociable; he often accompanied high-ranking officials and moved in and out of government halls as if among family. Yet he was able to earn the respect of people near and far as a scholar, which is what they meant by "One day his name stirred the capital; three days later, it spread across the world." This reputation had its foundation. He was appointed as a minor official in Xianwei and followed the path of Mei Shi; it was not an unpleasing fate. Originally from Zhe Xi, Gu's family had a beautiful concubine who was deeply loved; when he went to the capital for the imperial examinations, she remained behind to care for his mother. During a visit to Helin Temple on the Ghost Festival, the military governor of Zhe saw her and was delighted; he took her by force. The following year, Gu passed the imperial examination, but he grieved and composed a poem: "In silence, the hall stands in shadow once more; she has become drifting clouds that never return from Yangtai." "At the time I heard of Shazhali, today's Qing'e belongs to you, my lord." Upon hearing this poem, the military governor was deeply moved and sent an envoy to return the concubine to Chang'an. At that time, Gu had just left the pass and was staying at Hengshui Posthouse along the way when he met her on horseback. The concubine embraced him and wept bitterly; after two nights together, she died and was buried on the south side of Hengshui. Gu could not stop missing her, and before his death he often saw her in visions; at that time he was still in his early forties. Today there are two volumes of his works: the Weinan Ji and the Biannian Shi. He collected historical events from the annals of thirteen dynasties, composing one or two poems each year for every year from birth to a hundred years old, resulting in a total of 110 chapters. These works are now widely circulated in the world. |
《薛能 Xue Neng》 | |
| 1 | 能，字太拙，汾州人。會昌六年狄慎思榜登第。大中末，書判入等中選，補盩厔尉。辟太原、陜虢、河陽従事。李福鎮滑臺，表置觀察判官。歷御史、都官、刑部員外郎。福徒帥西蜀，奏以自副。咸通中，攝嘉州刺史。造朝，遷主客、度支、刑部郎中，俄為同州刺史、京兆大尹。出帥感化，入授工部尚書。復節度徐州，徙鎮忠武。廣明元年，徐軍戍溵水，經許，能以軍多懷舊，惠館待於城中。許軍懼見襲，大將周岌乘眾疑怒，因為亂，逐能據城，自稱留後。數日，殺能並屠其家。能治政嚴察，絕請謁。耽癖於詩，日賦一章為課。性喜凌人，格律卑卑，亦無甚高論。嘗以第一流自居，罕所拔拂。時劉得仁擅雅稱，持詩卷造能，能以句謝云：「千首加一首，卷初如卷終。」蓋譏其無變體也。量人如此，非厚德君子。晚節尚浮屠，奉法唯謹。資性傲忽，又多佻輕忤世。及為藩鎮，每易武吏。嘗命其子屬橐鞬，雅拜新進士，或問其故，曰：「渠消弭災咎耳。」今有集十卷，及《繁城集》一卷傳焉。 Neng, courtesy name Taizhuo, was a native of Fen Zhou. He passed the imperial examination in the year Kuichang six under the list compiled by Di Shen Si. By the end of Dazhong, his written examination results ranked him among those selected, and he was appointed as an assistant official in Zhouzhi. He served as a subordinate official in Taiyuan, Shan Guo, and Heyang. When Li Fu was stationed at HuaTai, he recommended Neng to serve as an observer and judge-official. He successively held the posts of imperial censor, Du Guan, and Wai Lang in the Ministry of Punishments. When Fu was transferred to serve as military governor of western Shu, he recommended Neng as his deputy. During the Xiantong period, he served as acting prefect of Jia Zhou. After returning to court service, he was promoted to Director of Guests and Finance in the Ministry of Punishment. Soon after, he became Prefect of Tong Zhou and Chief Magistrate of Jingzhao. He was first sent out to serve as commander of Ganhua, then recalled to be appointed Minister of Works. He once again served as military governor of Xuzhou and later transferred to command Zhongwu. In the first year of Guangming, Xuzhou troops were stationed at Yin Shui and passed through Xu Zhou. Neng, aware that many soldiers still held affection for their old posts, housed them in guest quarters within the city with kindness. The troops of Xu Zhou feared an attack and, taking advantage of the soldiers' doubts and anger, General Zhou Ji incited a rebellion, drove Neng out of the city, seized control, and declared himself acting military governor. A few days later, he killed Neng and slaughtered his entire family. Neng governed with strict discipline and rejected all requests for private audiences or favors. He was deeply fond of poetry, composing one poem each day as a personal task. His nature was proud and disdainful toward others; his poetic style followed conventional forms without much originality or depth. He often considered himself among the first-rate poets, rarely acknowledging or promoting others. At that time Liu Deren was renowned for his refined style and, carrying a collection of poems, visited Neng. In response, Neng sent back a verse: "A thousand poems plus one more—whether at the beginning or end, it's all the same." This was a subtle mockery of Liu Deren for lacking variation in his poetic style. To judge people this way, he was not a man of great virtue or true gentlemanly conduct. In his later years, he became devoted to Buddhism and strictly observed its teachings. By nature proud and indifferent, he was also often frivolous and at odds with the world's expectations. When he became a regional commander, he frequently replaced military officials. He once ordered his son to prepare a horse and bow case, and performed formal bows before newly passed candidates. When asked why he did this, he replied: "They help eliminate disasters and misfortunes." Today there are ten volumes of his collected works, as well as one volume titled Fan Cheng Ji that have been passed down. |
《李宣古 Li Xuangu》 | |
| 1 | 宣古，字垂後，澧陽人。會昌三年盧肇榜進士。又試中宏辭。工文，極俊，有詩名。性謔浪，多所譏誚。時杜悰尚主，出守澧陽，宣古在館下，數陪宴賞，諧慢既深，悰不能忍，忿其戲己，辱之，使臥於泥中，衣冠顛倒。長林公主素惜其才，勸曰：「尚書獨不念諸郎學文，侍士如此，那得平陽之譽乎「遣人扶起，更以新服，赴中座，使宣古賦詩，謝曰：「紅燈初上月輪高，照見堂前萬朵桃。觱栗調清銀字管，琵琶聲亮紫檀槽。能歌奼女顏如玉，解飲蕭郎眼似刀。爭奈夜深拋耍令，舞來挼去使人勞。」杜公賞之。後悰二子裔休、儒林皆中第，人曰：「非母賢待師，不足成其子。」今諸集中往往載其作，有英氣，調頗清麗，惜不多見。竟薄命無印綬之譽，落莫自終。弟宣遠亦以詩鳴，今傳者可數也。 Xuangu, courtesy name Chouhou, was a native of Liyang. He passed the imperial examination as a jinshi in the third year of Kuichang under the list compiled by Lu Zhao. He also passed the Hongci examination for advanced literary talent. He was skilled in writing, extremely talented, and had a reputation as a poet. By nature he was humorous and irreverent, often making mocking remarks about others. At that time, Du Cong was still a princess and had been assigned to govern Liyang. Xuangu served in the local government office and often accompanied her at banquets and gatherings. Their relationship became so familiar and disrespectful that Cong could no longer tolerate it; he grew angry at being mocked by Xuangu and humiliated him by making him lie in the mud, his clothes and hat turned upside down. Princess Changlin, who had always appreciated his talent, advised him: "Minister, don't you think that if your attendants are treated this way, how can you ever earn the reputation of Pingyang?" She then sent someone to help Xuangu up and gave him new clothes. She invited him to sit at the central seat and asked him to compose a poem as an apology. He responded: "The red lanterns rise high with the moon; they illuminate ten thousand peach blossoms in front of the hall." "The reed flute plays a clear melody on its silver pipe, and the pipa rings out with bright tones from its purple sandalwood soundbox." He could sing of a girl whose beauty was like jade, and knew how to drink with Xiao Lang, whose eyes were sharp as blades. But alas, the night is deep and games must end; her dancing twists and turns tire those who watch." Duke Du appreciated it. Later, two of Cong's sons, Yixiu and Rulin, both passed the imperial examination. People said: "Without a virtuous mother who treated her teacher with respect, it would not have been possible for their sons to succeed." Today, many of his works are often included in various collections. His poetry has a bold spirit and a rather elegant tone, but unfortunately, not much survives. Ultimately, he died young without ever receiving the honor of official seals or ribbons, ending his life in obscurity and solitude. His younger brother Xuanyuan was also known for his poetry; however, only a few of his works have been passed down today. |
《姚鵠 Yao Hu》 | |
| 1 | 鵠，字居雲，會昌三年禮部尚書王起下進士。多出入當時好士公卿席幕，然吏才文價，俱不甚超。一名僅爾流播，亦多幸矣。詩一卷，今傳。 Hu, courtesy name Juyun, was a jinshi under the Ministry of Rites in the third year of Kuichiang when Wang Qi served as minister. He often moved among the gatherings and retinues of prominent officials who valued talent in those days, but his administrative ability and literary reputation were not particularly outstanding. To have a name that spread even slightly was already quite fortunate for him. One volume of his poetry survives today. |
《項斯 Xiang Si》 | |
| 1 | 斯，字子遷，江東人也。會昌四年王起下第二人進士。始命潤州丹徒縣尉，卒於任所。開成之際，聲價藉甚，特為張水部所知賞，故其詩格頗與水部相類，清妙奇絕。鄭少師薰贈詩云：「項斯逢水部，誰道不關情。」斯性疏曠，溫飽非其本心。初築草廬於朝陽峰前，交結凈者，盤礡宇宙，戴蘚花冠，披鶴氅，就松陰，枕白石，飲清泉，長哦細酌，凡如此三十餘年。晚汙一名，殊屈清致。其警聯如「病嘗山藥遍，貧起草堂低。」如「客來因月宿，床勢向山移。」《下第》云：「獨存過江馬，強拂看花衣」。《病僧》云：「不言身後事，猶坐病中禪。」又「湖山萬疊翠，門樹一行春。」又「一燈愁裏夢，九陌病中春。」如「月明古詩客初到，風度閒門僧未歸。」《宮人入道》云：「將敲碧落新齋磐，卻進昭陽舊賜箏「之類，不一而足，當時盛稱。楊敬之祭酒贈詩云：「幾度見君詩總好，及觀標格過於詩。平生不解藏人善，到處逢人說項斯。」其名以此益彰矣。集一卷，今行。 Si, courtesy name Ziqian, was a native of Jiangdong. He ranked second in the imperial examination under Minister Wang Qi in the fourth year of Kuichang. He was first appointed as an assistant official at Dan Tu County, Run Zhou, and died while serving there. During the Kaicheng era, his reputation was very high and he was especially recognized and appreciated by Zhang Shuibu. Therefore, his poetic style bore a strong resemblance to that of Zhang Shuibu—clear, refined, and marvelously unique. Minister Zheng Shaoshi Xun once presented him with a poem: "Xiang Si meets Shuibu, who could say this is unrelated to sentiment?" Si was by nature open and carefree; warmth and comfort were not his true desires. Initially, he built a thatched hut in front of Chaoyang Peak, associating with recluses and meditating on the vast universe. He wore mossy flower crowns and crane cloaks, sat under pine trees, rested his head on white stones, drank clear spring water, recited poetry while savoring wine—living this way for over thirty years. In his later years he became entangled in officialdom; it was a great shame to such a refined and pure nature. His striking couplets, such as "Illness led me to taste mountain herbs; poverty forced my thatched hall low," or "A guest arrived and stayed under the moonlight; I shifted my bed toward the mountains," and in his poem "After Failing the Examination": "Alone, I cross the river on horseback; with effort, I brush my flower-viewing robe." In his poem "A Sick Monk": "He speaks not of matters after death; still, he sits in meditation while ill." And again: "Ten thousand layers of green hills and lakes; one row of spring trees by the gate." Also: "A single lamp brings dreams in sorrow; nine roads bloom with spring amid illness." Such as: "The moon shines bright when the ancient poetry guest first arrives, and the wind passes through the quiet gate where the monk has not yet returned." In his poem "Palace Ladies Entering the Monastic Life": "They are about to strike the new zhan of the jade heavens, yet present old zengs granted by Zhaoyang"—such lines were numerous and widely praised at the time. Yao Jingzhi, the Minister of Rites, presented him with a poem: "How many times I've seen your poems—each one excellent. Upon observing your character and bearing, I find them even more admirable than your poetry." "You have never understood how to hide others' virtues; wherever you go, you speak highly of Xiang Si." His reputation thus became even more renowned. One volume of his collected works is now in circulation. |
《馬戴 Ma Dai》 | |
| 1 | 戴，字虞臣，華州人。會昌四年左僕射王起下進士，與項斯、趙嘏同榜，俱有盛名。初應辟佐大同軍幕府，與賈島、許棠唱答。苦家貧，為祿代耕。歲廩殊薄，然終日吟事，清虛自如。《秋思》一絕曰：「萬木秋霖後，孤山夕照餘。田園無歲計，寒近憶樵漁。」調率如此。後遷國子博士，卒。戴詩壯麗，居晚唐諸公之上，優遊不迫，沉著痛快，兩不相傷，佳作也。早耽幽趣，既鄉里當名山，秦川一望，黃埃赤日，增起凌雲之操。結茅堂玉女洗頭盆下，軒窗甚僻，對懸瀑三十仞，往還多隱人。誰謂白頭従宦，俸不醫貧，徒興猿鶴之誚，不能無也。有詩一卷，今傳。 Dai, courtesy name Yuchen, was a native of Hua Zhou. He passed the imperial examination in 844 under Minister Wang Qi, and was on the same list as Xiang Si and Zhao Gu; all three were highly renowned. Initially, he served in the military office of Datong Jun, exchanging poetry with Jia Dao and Xu Tang. He was poor at home and worked as a hired farmer to support himself. His salary was meager, yet he spent his days composing poetry with the same calm and detachment. One of his quatrains on autumn thoughts reads: "After autumn rains, all trees stand bare; at dusk, the lonely mountain glows with lingering light." "My fields and gardens yield no harvest for the year; in cold I recall the days of gathering firewood and fishing." His poetic style was generally like this. Later, he was transferred to the position of Guozi Boshi and died in office. Dai's poetry is grand and magnificent, surpassing that of many poets in the late Tang dynasty. His style is leisurely yet unhurried, deep and sincere without being overly dramatic; his works are excellent indeed. From an early age, he was fond of secluded and refined pursuits; since his hometown lay among famous mountains, a single glance at Qin Chuan's vast plains, with its yellow dust and blazing sun, only strengthened his lofty aspirations. He built a thatched hall beneath the Jade Maiden's Hair-Washing Basin; its windows and doors were very secluded, facing a waterfall thirty ren high. Many recluses passed by on their way to or from this place. Who would say that serving as an official in old age brings no relief from poverty? To merely provoke the mockery of apes and cranes is unavoidable. He left behind one volume of poetry, which survives to this day. |
《孟遲 Meng Chi》 | |
| 1 | 遲，字遲之，平昌人。會昌五年易重榜進士。有詩名，尤工絕句，風流嫵媚，皆宮商金石之聲。情與顧非熊甚相得，且同年。有詩一卷，行於世。 Chi, courtesy name Chizhi, was a native of Pingchang. He passed the imperial examination as an jinshi in 845 under the banner of Yi Zhong. He was renowned for his poetry, especially skilled in quatrains; his style was graceful and charming, all imbued with the refined tones of music and stone. His friendship with Gu Feixiong was particularly close, and they were also born in the same year. He left behind one volume of poems, which circulated among the world. |
《任蕃 Ren Fan》 | |
| 1 | 蕃，會昌間人，家江東，多游會稽、苕、霅間。初亦舉進士之京，不第。榜罷進謁主司曰：「僕本寒鄉之人，不遠萬里，手遮赤日，步來長安，取一第榮父母不得。侍郎豈不聞江東一任藩，家貧吟苦，忍令其去如來日也敢従此辭，彈琴自娛，學道自樂耳。」主司慚，欲留不可得。歸江湖，專尚聲調。去遊天台巾子峰，題寺壁間云：「絕頂新秋生夜涼，鶴翻松露滴衣裳。前峰月照一江水，僧在翠微開竹房。」既去百餘里，欲回改作「半江水」，行到題處，他人已改矣。後復有題詩者，亡其姓名，曰：「任蕃題後無人繼，寂寞空山二百年。」才名類是。凡作必使人改視易聽，如《洛陽道》云：「憧憧洛陽道，塵下生春草。行者豈無家，無人在家老。雞鳴前結束，爭去恐不早。百年路傍盡，白日車中曉。求富江海狹，取貴山嶽小。二端立在途，奔走何由了。」想蕃風度，此不足舉其梗概。有詩七十七首，為一卷，今傳非全文矣。 Fan was a native of the Huichang period, lived in Jiangdong, and often traveled between Kuaiji, Tiao, and Zha. Initially, he also went to the capital to take the imperial examination but failed to pass. After the examination results were announced, he went to pay respects to the chief examiner and said: "I am a man from a humble village; I have traveled thousands of miles, shielding my hands from the blazing sun on foot all the way to Chang'an. Yet I failed to gain even one title to bring honor to my parents." "Minister, have you not heard of Ren Fan from Jiangdong? He is poor and has toiled in poetry. How can you bear to let him leave as if he were a guest who never returns? From now on I shall play the zither for my own pleasure and pursue the Dao for my joy." The chief examiner was ashamed, but could not persuade him to stay. Returning to the rivers and lakes, he devoted himself entirely to the study of poetic meter and tone. When he traveled to TianTai's Jinzi Peak, he inscribed on the temple wall: "On the summit, a fresh autumn chill arises at night; cranes wheel through pine dew that drips onto my robes." "The moonlight on the front peak shines over a river's flow, while monks open bamboo huts in emerald mist below." After traveling more than a hundred li away, he wanted to return and revise it to "half the river's flow." When he arrived at the place where he had written it, however, someone else had already altered his words. Later, another poet also left a poem at the site; their name is now lost. It read: "After Ren Fan's inscription, no one followed—two hundred years of silence in this lonely mountain." His talent and reputation were indeed comparable to that. All his works were crafted so as to be easily read and pleasing to the ear. For instance, in "Luoyang Dao" he wrote: "Crowded is Luoyang's road; beneath the dust spring grass grows." "Do those who walk have no home? No one remains at home to grow old." "Before the rooster crows, they pack up and leave, rushing off in fear of being late." "A hundred years pass by the roadside; daylight dawns inside the carriage." "In seeking wealth, even rivers and seas seem narrow; in pursuing honor, even mountains appear small." "Both ends stand on the road—how can one ever escape this endless rush?" Thinking of Fan's style and demeanor, this is not enough to summarize his essence. He left behind seventy-seven poems in one volume; however, the complete text no longer survives today. |
《顧非熊 Gu Feixiong》 | |
| 1 | 非熊，姑蘇人，況之子也。少俊悟，一覽輒能成誦。工吟，揚譽遠近。性滑稽好辯，頗雜笑言。凌轢氣焰子弟，既犯眾怒，擠排者紛然。在舉場角藝三十年，屈聲破入耳。會昌五年，諫議大夫陳商放榜。初，上洽聞非熊詩價，至是怪其不第，敕有司進所試文章，追榜放令及第。劉得仁賀以詩曰：「愚為童稚時，已解念君詩。及得高科早，須逢聖主知。」授盯眙主簿，不樂拜迎，再厭鞭撻，因棄官歸隱。王司馬建送詩去：「江城柳色海門煙，欲到茅山始下船。知道君家當瀑布，菖蒲潭在草堂前。」一時餞別吟贈俱名流。不知所終，或傳住茅山十餘年，一旦遇異人，相隨入深谷，不復出矣。有詩一卷，今行於世。 Feixiong was a native of Gusu and the son of Kuang. From an early age he showed exceptional intelligence, able to recite texts after just one reading. He was skilled in composing poetry and gained a reputation far and wide. By nature, he was humorous and fond of debate, often interspersing his speech with jokes and laughter. He openly mocked the arrogant sons of noble families; having incurred public anger, he was soon surrounded by those who sought to exclude and undermine him. For thirty years in the examination halls, competing in literary skills, his voice was often drowned out or ignored. In 845, Jianyi Daifu Chen Shang posted the imperial examination results. Initially, the emperor had heard of Gu Feixiong's poetic reputation. When it came to this time and found that he had not passed, he ordered the relevant officials to submit his examination essays for review and issued a special decree to add him to the list as if he had passed. Liu Deren congratulated him with a poem: "When I was still a child, I already knew and recited your poems." "And now that you have passed at an early age in the high examination, it must be because His Majesty personally recognized your talent." He was appointed as Zhubu of Dingyi but disliked the duties of greeting and bowing. After being whipped twice, he resigned from office and returned to seclusion. Wang Sima Jian sent him a poem: "Willows line the river city, and mist rises at Haimen; I'll reach Mao Shan before I board my boat." "I know your home lies beneath a waterfall, with the Changpu Pond in front of your thatched hall." At that time, all those who came to see him off and presented farewell poems were men of great repute. It is unknown what became of him afterward; some say he lived in Mao Shan for more than ten years, and one day met a strange figure who took him into the deep valley, from which he never returned. He left behind one volume of verse, now circulating in the world. |
《曹鄴 Cao Ye》 | |
| 1 | 鄴，字鄴之，桂林人。累舉不第，為《四怨三愁五情》詩，雅道甚古。時為舍人韋愨所知，力薦於禮部侍郎裴休。大中四年張溫琪榜中第。看榜日，上主司詩云：「一辭桂巖猿，九泣都門月。年年孟春至，看花如看雪。」《杏園宴間呈同年》云：「岐路不在天，十年行不至。一旦公道開，青雲在平地。」又云：「匆匆出九衢，童僕顏色異。故衣未及換，尚有去年淚。」又云：「永持共濟心，莫起胡越意。」佳句類此甚多，志特勤苦。仕至洋州刺史。有集一卷，今傳。 Ye, courtesy name Yezhi, was a native of Guilin. After repeated attempts he failed to pass the examinations; he composed poems titled "Four Laments, Three Sorrows, Five Emotions," whose refined style was very classical. At the time, he was recognized by Shiren Wei Que, who strongly recommended him to Li Bu Shi Lang Pei Xiu. He passed as a jinshi in 850 under the banner of Zhang Wenqi. On the day he saw his name on the list, he presented a poem to the chief examiner: "Parting from the apes of Guiyan, I weep nine times beneath the moon at the capital gate." "Year after year in early spring, watching flowers fall like snow." In "Presented to My Fellow Jinshi at the Xingyuan Banquet," he wrote: "The path of divergence is not in heaven; ten years passed without reaching it." "But once fairness prevails, the blue clouds rise from level ground." He also wrote: "In haste I leave the nine avenues; my attendants' faces show surprise." "My old clothes have not yet been changed, still stained with tears from last year." He also said: "Always keep a heart of mutual aid; do not harbor thoughts as distant as Hu and Yue." There were many more excellent lines like these, all born from his tireless diligence. He served as a zhi shi of Yang Zhou. One volume of his collected writings survives to this day. |
《鄭嵎 Zheng Yu》 | |
| 1 | 嵎，字賓光，大中五年李郜榜進士。有集一卷，名《津陽門詩》。津陽，即華清宮之外闕。詢求父老，為詩百韻，皆紀明皇時事者也。 Yu, courtesy name Binguang, was an jinshi of the 851 examination under Li Gao. He left behind one collection titled "Poems at Jinyang Gate." Jinyang Men is the outer gate of Huaqing Gong. He inquired from old men and women, composing a hundred-verse poem that recorded events of Emperor Xuanzong's reign. |
《劉駕 Liu Jia》 | |
| 1 | 駕，字司南，大中六年禮部侍郎崔嶼下進士。初與曹鄴為友，深相結，俱工古風詩。鄴既擢第，不忍先歸，待長安中，賀成名，迺同歸范蠡故山。時國家復河、湟故地，有歸馬放牛之象，賀獻樂府十章，《序》曰：「駕生唐二十八年，獲見明天子以德歸河、湟，臣得與天下夫婦復為太平人。恨愚且賤，不得拜舞上前，作詩十篇，雖不足貢聲宗廟，形容盛德，願與耕稼陶漁者，歌江湖田野間，亦足自快。」詩奏，上甚悅，累歷達官。駕詩多比興含蓄，體無定規，意盡即止，為時所宗。今集一卷，行於世。 Jia, courtesy name Sinan, was an jinshi under Li Bu Shi Lang Cui Yu in 852. Initially, he became friends with Cao Ye and formed a deep bond; both were skilled in writing ancient-style poetry. After Cao Ye passed the examination, Jia could not bear to return home first and waited in Chang'an until he had celebrated his friend's success. Then they returned together to Fanli's old mountain. At that time, the state had recovered the old territories of He and Huang; there were signs of peace with horses and oxen being released. Jia presented ten chapters of yuefu poetry, with a preface stating: "Jia was born in the twenty-eighth year of the Tang dynasty and has now witnessed His Majesty's virtue in restoring He and Huang to our possession. As an official, I am honored that all people, husbands and wives alike, may once again live as peaceful citizens." "I regret my lowly status and lack of wisdom, which prevent me from bowing before the throne. I have composed ten poems; though they may not be worthy of being sung in ancestral temples to honor His Majesty's virtue, I hope that farmers, potters, and fishermen will sing them by rivers, lakes, fields, and villages, and thus find joy for themselves." When the poems were presented to the emperor, he was very pleased. Liu Jia then held many high-ranking official positions over time. Jia's poetry often employed allusion and subtlety, with no fixed form; he would stop once the meaning was complete. His style became a model for his time. One volume of his collected poems is now circulating in the world. |
《方干 Fang Gan》 | |
| 1 | 干，字雄飛，桐廬人。幼有清才，散拙無營務。大中中，舉進士不第，隱居鏡湖中，湖北有茅齋，湖西有松島，每風清月明，攜稚子鄰叟，輕棹往返，甚愜素心。所住水木幽閟，一草一花，俱能留客。家貧，蓄古琴，行吟醉臥以自娛。徐凝初有詩名，一見干器之，遂相師友，因授格律。乾有贈凝詩云：「把得新詩草裏論。」時謂反語為村裏老，疑乾譏誚，非也。乾貌陋兔缺，性喜凌侮。王大夫廉問浙東，禮邀干至，誤三拜，人號為「方三拜」。王公嘉其操，將薦於朝，託吳融草表，行有日，王公以疾逝去，事不果成。幹早歲偕計，往來兩京，公卿好事者爭延納，名竟不入手，遂歸，無復榮辱之念。浙中凡有園林名勝，輒造主人，留題幾遍。初李頻學干為詩，頻及第，詩僧清越賀云：「弟子已折桂，先生猶灌園。」咸通末卒。門人相與論德謀跡。謚曰玄英先生。樂安孫郃等綴其遺詩三百七十餘篇，為十卷，王贊論之曰：「鏝肌滌骨，冰瑩霞絢。嘉肴自將，不吮餘雋。麗不葩芬，苦不臒棘。當其得志，倏與神會。詞若未至，意已獨往。」郃亦論曰：「其秀也，仙蕊於常花；其鳴也，靈鼉於眾響。」觀其所述論，不過矣。古黔婁先生死，曾參與門人來吊，問曰：「先生終，何以謚「妻曰：「以『康』。」參曰：「先生存時，食不充遝，衣不蓋形，死則手足不斂，傍無酒肉。生不美，死不榮，何樂而謚為康哉。」妻曰：「昔先生國君用為相，辭不受，是有餘貴也。君饋慄三十鐘，辭不納，是有餘富也。先生甘天下之淡味，安天下之卑位，不戚戚於貧賤，不遑遑於富貴，求仁得仁，求義得義，謚之以康，不亦宜乎。」方幹，韋布之士，生稱高尚，死謚玄英，其梗概大節，庶幾乎黔婁者耶！ Gan, courtesy name Xiongfei, was a native of Tonglu. From an early age he possessed refined talent; naturally unassuming and indifferent to worldly affairs. During the Dazhong period, he took the imperial examination but did not pass. He then retreated to live in seclusion by Jinghu. To the north of the lake was a thatched study; to the west lay a pine-covered island. On days when the wind was calm and the moon bright, he would take his young son and elderly neighbors on light boat trips back and forth, finding great joy in this simple life. The place where he lived was secluded with water and trees; even a single blade of grass or flower could detain a guest. Though poor, he kept an ancient zither, composing poetry while walking alone and drinking to his heart's content for pleasure. Xu Ning had already gained a reputation as a poet; upon meeting Gan, he greatly admired him and became his friend and teacher, passing on the principles of poetic form. Gan once presented Xu Ning with a poem: "Discussing new poems among the grass." At the time, some said that using reverse speech was like being an old man from the village; they suspected Gan of mockery, but this is not true. Gan had a plain appearance and a missing tooth, and by nature he enjoyed provoking others. When Minister Wang visited Zhe Dong on official business, he invited Gan with great ceremony; however, Gan mistakenly bowed three times. People thereafter called him "Fang Sanbai." Minister Wang admired Gan's character and intended to recommend him to the court, entrusting Wu Rong to draft a memorial. Just as preparations were being made for its submission, Minister Wang died of illness, and thus the matter did not come to fruition. Gan had traveled between the two capitals with fellow candidates since his youth. Eminent officials and those fond of talent vied to invite him, yet he never attained official recognition. Eventually, he returned home, no longer harboring thoughts of honor or disgrace. In Zhezhong, whenever there were famous gardens or scenic spots, he would visit the owners and left inscriptions almost everywhere. Initially, Li Pin imitated Gan's poetry style. When Pin passed the examination, the Buddhist poet Qingyue congratulated him by saying: "The disciple has already plucked the laurel; the master still tends his garden." He died at the end of the Xiantong period. His disciples gathered together to discuss his virtues and deeds. He was posthumously honored with the title Xuanying xiansheng. Le'an Sun He and others compiled over 370 of his surviving poems into ten volumes. Wang Zan commented on them, saying: "Polishing the flesh and cleansing the bones, as clear as ice and as colorful as brocade." Fine delicacies are self-offered; one does not savor what is left over. Beauty without the fragrance of flowers, bitterness without the thorns of brambles. When he achieved his aspirations, he suddenly united with the divine. "Though words may not yet arrive, meaning has already journeyed alone." He also commented: "His elegance is like a fairy blossom among common flowers; his voice, like that of a divine tortoise amid countless sounds." Considering what has been said and written about him, it could not be more fitting. When the ancient Qianlou xiansheng died, Zeng Can and his disciples came to mourn. He asked: "The master has passed away; what will be his posthumous title?" His wife replied: "'Kang'." Can said, "While the master was alive, he had insufficient food and clothes that could not cover his body. Now that he is dead, his hands and feet are not even covered, and there is no wine or meat by his side." "He lived a humble life and died without honor. What joy could there be in bestowing him the title of Kang?" His wife said, "In the past, when the master was offered a position as prime minister by the king and he declined it, that is a sign of noble virtue." "When the king sent him thirty chong of millet as a gift, but he refused to accept it; that is a sign of true wealth." "The master embraced the simple taste of life and accepted a humble position in society. He was not distressed by poverty or low status, nor did he anxiously pursue wealth or honor. Seeking benevolence, he attained it; seeking righteousness, he achieved it. To bestow upon him the title Kang is surely fitting." Fang Gan, a scholar of humble origins, was praised for his lofty virtue in life and posthumously honored as Xuanying. His noble character and great integrity are not unlike those of Qianlou! |
《李頻 Li Pin》 | |
| 1 | 頻，字得新，睦州壽昌人。少秀悟，長，廬西山。多記覽，於詩特工。與同里方幹為師友。給事中姚合時稱詩穎，頻不憚走千里丐其品第，合見，大加獎挹，且愛其標格，即以女妻之。大中八年，顏標榜擢進士，調秘書郎，為南陵主簿。試判入等，遷武功令。頻性耿介，難乾以非理。賑饑民，戢豪右，於是京畿多賴，事事可傳。懿宗嘉之，賜緋銀魚，擢侍御史。守法不阿，遷都官員外郎。表乞建州刺史，至則布條教，以禮治下。時盜所在衝突，惟建賴頻以安。未幾卒官下，櫬隨家歸，父老相與扶柩哀悼，葬永樂州，為立廟於梨山，歲時祭祠，有災沴必禱，垂福逮今。頻詩雖出晚年，體製多與劉隨州相抗，騷嚴風謹，慘慘逼人。有詩一卷，今行世。 Pin, courtesy name Dexin, was a native of Shouchang, Muzhou. He showed early promise and insight; as he grew older, he lived in seclusion on Xishan Mountain. He read extensively and was especially skilled in poetry. He became a teacher and friend to Fang Gan, his fellow townsman. At the time, Ji Shi Zhong Yao He was renowned for his poetic talent. Pin did not hesitate to travel thousands of miles to seek his evaluation. When He met him, he greatly praised and admired him, and also appreciated his refined character; thus, he gave him his daughter in marriage. In the eighth year of Dazhong, Yan Biao recommended Pin for the imperial examination; he passed and was appointed as a Shiyuan Lang. He later served as Zhubu of Nanling. After passing his judicial examination with distinction, he was promoted to the position of Ling (magistrate) of Wugong. Pin had an upright and principled character; it was difficult for him to engage in unjust actions. He provided relief to starving people and curbed the powerful and wealthy, so that many in the capital region relied on him; his deeds were worthy of being passed down. Emperor Yizong commended him and bestowed a red robe with silver fish badge, promoting him to Shiyushi (Attending Censor). Upholding the law without favoritism, he was promoted to Wai Lang of Duguan. He submitted a memorial requesting appointment as Cishi (governor) of Jian Zhou, and upon arrival, he issued clear regulations and governed his subordinates with propriety. At the time, bandits were causing disturbances in various regions; Jian Zhou alone relied on Pin for peace. Not long after, he died in office. His coffin was sent back to his family's home. Elders and townspeople together carried the coffin in mourning; he was buried in Yongle Zhou. A temple was built for him on Lishan Mountain, where people offered seasonal sacrifices. In times of disaster or misfortune, they would pray there, seeking blessings that have continued until today. Pin's poetry, though composed in his later years, often rivals that of Liu Suizhou in style and structure. His verses are solemn and meticulously crafted, evoking a somber and imposing atmosphere. He left behind one volume of poetry, which is still circulating today. |
《李群玉 Li Qunyu》 | |
| 1 | 群玉，字文山，澧州人也。清才曠逸，不樂仕進，專以吟詠自適，詩筆遒麗，文體豐妍。好吹笙，美翰墨。如王、謝子弟，別有一種風流。親友強之赴舉，一上即止。裴相公休觀察湖南，厚禮延致之郡中，嘗勉之曰：「處士被褐懷玉，浮雲富貴，名高而身不知，神寶寧久棄荒途子其行矣。」大中八年，以草澤臣來京，詣闕上表，自進詩三百篇。休適人相，復論薦。上悅之，敕授弘文館校書郎。李頻使君呼為従兄。歸湘中，題詩二妃廟，是暮宿山舍，夢見二女子來曰：「兒娥皇、女英也，承君佳句，徽珮將遊於汗漫，願相従也。」俄而影滅。群玉自是鬱鬱，歲餘而卒。段成式為詩哭曰：「曾話黃陵事，今為白日催。老無男女累，誰哭到泉臺。」今有詩三卷、後集五卷行世。夫澧浦，古騷人之國。屈平仁遭譖毀，不知所訴，心煩意亂，賦為《離騷》。騷，愁也。已矣哉。國無人知我兮，又何懷乎故都委身魚腹，魂招兮不來。芳草萎薾，蕭艾參天，奚獨一時而然也。群玉繼稟修能，翱翔大化，人不知而不恤，祿不及而不言。望涔陽之亡極，挹杜蘭之緒馨，款君門以披懷，沾一命而潛退，風景滿目，寧無愧於古人。故其格調清越，而多登山臨水、懷人送歸之制，如「遠客坐長夜，雨聲孤寺秋。請量東海水，看取淺深愁「等句，已曲盡羈旅坎壈之情。壯心千里，於方寸不擾，亦大難矣。 Qunyu, courtesy name Wenshan, was a native of Lizhou. Possessing refined talent and an unconfined spirit, he did not enjoy pursuing official advancement. He devoted himself to composing poetry for personal enjoyment; his poetic style was vigorous and elegant, with richly beautiful prose. He loved playing the sheng (reed-pipe) and appreciated calligraphy and painting. Like the descendants of Wang and Xie, he possessed a unique kind of charm and grace. Relatives and friends strongly urged him to take the imperial examination, but after one attempt, he stopped. When Pei Xianggong Xu served as the military governor of Hunan, he warmly invited Qunyu to his administrative center and once encouraged him by saying: "A recluse may wear coarse clothes but carry jade within; clouds drift over wealth and honor. Though your name is renowned, you remain unaware of yourself. How could a divine treasure be long abandoned on a desolate path? You must go forth." In the eighth year of Dazong, as an unranked subject from the countryside, he came to the capital and presented a memorial at court, submitting 300 poems for imperial consideration. Xu, who was then in office as an official, recommended him again. The emperor was pleased and issued an imperial decree appointing him as a Xiaoshulan of Hongwen Guan (Imperial Academy). Li Pin, the magisterial official, called him his cousin. Returning to Xiangzhong, he composed a poem at the Temple of the Two Consorts. That evening, while staying in a mountain inn, he dreamed that two women came and said: "We are Er Huang and Nv Ying. We have heard your beautiful verses; we shall travel through the boundless realms with our jade pendants and wish for you to accompany us." Soon after, their figures vanished. From then on, Qunyu became increasingly melancholy and died within a year. Duan Chengshi composed a poem in mourning: "We once spoke of the matters at Huangling, now I am urged by daylight to part." "Old and without children or family burdens, who will mourn for me at the Yellow Springs?" He left behind three volumes of poetry and a five-volume collection titled Houji (Later Collection), which are still in circulation today. Lipu, indeed, is the land of ancient poets. Qu Ping, having been falsely accused and slandered, had nowhere to appeal his grievances; overwhelmed with distress and confusion, he composed the "Li Sao." "Sao" means sorrow. Alas! In this land, no one understands me; why should I still cherish my old capital? My body was abandoned in the fish's belly, and my soul, though summoned, does not return. Fragrant grass withers; chenopodium grows tall to the sky—why should this be unique to one era alone? Qunyu inherited and cultivated his talents, soaring freely in the great transformations of life. Though people did not recognize him, he cared little; though official rank eluded him, he said nothing. Looking toward the boundless expanse of Cenyang, drawing in the lingering fragrance of Dulan, he approached the imperial gate with open heart, yet after receiving a minor appointment, quietly withdrew. Surrounded by beautiful scenery, could he not feel some shame before his ancient predecessors? Therefore, the tone and style of his poetry are clear and lofty, often filled with themes of ascending mountains, gazing at rivers, missing loved ones, or bidding farewell. For instance: "A distant guest sits through the long night; the sound of rain echoes in an autumn temple." "Please measure the East Sea's waters, and see how deep my sorrow runs"—such lines fully capture the poignant feelings of a traveler in hardship. A bold heart yearning for distant horizons, yet remaining undisturbed within a small space—this is indeed very difficult to achieve. |
URN: ctp:ws39083
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