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《卷一》
22  | 朱傳雁鳥名似鵝畏寒秋南春北釋鳥云鳧雁醜其足蹼其踵企郭注鳧鴈指間有幕蹼屬相著故曰其足蹼也飛則腳跟企直夏小正正月雁北鄉鄉其居也雁以北方為居九月遰遰徃也猶曰其驛舍云爾非其居也周禮六摯大夫摯雁又曰菭菹雁醢又曰雁宜麥禮記兄弟之齒以雁行儀禮士相見士大夫相見以雁飾之以布注雁取其知時飛翔有行列也春秋繁露凡贄大夫用雁有類長者在民上必有先後雁成行列故以為贄也士昬禮云下逹納采用雁執雁請問名納吉用雁請期用雁注用雁為贄者取其順隂陽往來不再偶也又曰摯不用死噰噰鳴雁言生者也本草衍義雁得中和之氣熱即北寒即南以就和氣所以為幣者一取其信一取其和也周書白露之日鴻雁來鴻雁不來遠人背畔小寒之日雁北鄉雁不北鄉民不懷至詩緝鴻雁之趾連蹄不能握木故易以鴻漸于木為失所不安之象書以彭蠡旣豬陽鳥攸居為得其所也春秋說題辭雁之言雁鴈知晚早故雁南北以陽動也禽經雁一名翁雉一名□鶉一名䳸又云鳱以水言自北而南●以山言自南而北張華注云鳱音雁冬適南方集於江干故字從干●亦音雁寒盡北向燕代尚寒猶集于山谷之間故字從斥山海經雁門山在高栁北雁出其間淮南子鴈從風而飛禽經鴻雁愛力遇風迅舉孔雀愛毛遇雨髙止王褒頌翼乎若鴻毛之遇順風也方言自關而西謂鴈●鵝南楚之外謂之鵝或謂之鶬●古今注雁自河北渡江瘦●能髙飛不畏繒繳江南沃饒每至還河北體肥不能高飛嘗銜蘆長數寸以防繒繳物類相感志大曰鴻小曰雁夜宿洲中鴻在內雁在外逐更驚避備狐與人之捕已埤雅雁行斜歩側身故莊子謂士成綺雁成行雁夜泊洲渚令雁奴圍而警察飛則銜蘆以避繒繳有遠害之道鹽鐡論曰噰噰鳴雁旭日始旦登則前利無蹈後害此言婚姻以禮則有利無害也故曰貴聘而賤逆之君子以是知出姜之不允于魯也燕一名●鳥雁一名朱鳥●鳥以春分來朱鳥以春分去法言曰能來能去者朱鳥之謂歟淮南子曰燕雁代飛是也舊說雁不過衡山今衡山之旁有囘雁峰蓋南去極燠人罕識雪者故雁望衡山而止陳琳曰陸䧟蘂斥水截輕鴻輕鴻鴻毛也今人試刀劍令髮轉浮于水以刀斷之視其銛鈍水截輕鴻殆是類也爾雅翼雁鴻雁乃是一物初無分別至詩注乃云大曰鴻小曰雁雁曷為有小者按呂氏春秋仲秋鴻雁來季秋候雁來月令云八月鴻雁來九月鴻雁來賔周書則曰白露之日鴻雁來寒露之日又來既是一種何為先後不齊如此按許重叔呂覽注云八月來者其父母也其子羽翼穉弱未能及之故九月始來據此則月令周書同屬一義矣又北方有白鴈似鴻而小色白秋深乃來来則霜降河北謂之霜信春秋曹伯陽好田弋曹鄙人公孫彊獲白雁獻之漢武帝太子昏得白雁於上林以為贄即此廣要曰按鴻雁非二物羅氏辨之甚悉陸疏亦以為然故前篇釋鴻此篇釋鳧而更不釋雁但云鴻純白似鶴肉美于雁又似别有一種者杜子美云故國霜前白雁來據今霜後南翔之雁其色俱竊●竊黃從無純白者考之諸家傳疏頗合按鵞曰家雁物之偽者稱為雁一作贋宋華願兒稱帝為贋天子韓愈詩前計頓乖張居然見眞雁 |
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