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《卷十六》
6  | 世之言天者二道焉拘於昭昭者則曰天與人實影響禍必以罪降福必以善徠窮伌而呼必可聞隠痛而祈必可答如有物的然以宰者故隂隲之說騰焉泥扵㝠㝠者則曰天與人實刺異霆震扵畜木未嘗在罪春滋乎堇荼未嘗擇善跖蹻焉而遂孔顔焉而厄是茫乎無有宰者故自然之說勝焉余之友河東解人柳子厚作天說以折韓退之之言文信美矣葢有激而云非所以盡天人之際故余作天論以極其辯云大凡入形器者皆有能有不能天有形之大者也人動物之尤者也天之能人固不能也人之能天亦有所不能也故余曰天與人交相勝耳其說曰天之道在生植其用在強弱人之道在法制其用在是非陽而阜生隂而肅殺水火傷物木堅金利壯而武健老而耗●氣雄相君力雄相長天之能也陽而蓺樹隂而揫斂防害用濡禁焚用光斬材窽堅液礦硎鋩義制強訐禮分長幼右賢尚功建極閑邪人之能也人能勝乎天者法也法大行則是為公是非為公非天下之人蹈道必賞違之必罰當其賞三旌之貴萬鍾之祿處之咸曰宜何也為善而然也當其罰雖族屬之夷刀鋸之慘處之咸曰宜何也為惡而然也故其人曰天何預乃事耶唯告䖍報本肆類授時之禮曰天而已矣福兮可以善取禍兮可以惡召奚預乎天邪法小弛則是非駮賞不必盡善罰不必盡惡或賢而尊顯時以不肖參焉或過而僇辱時以不辜參焉故其人曰彼宜然而信然理也彼不當然而固然豈理邪天也福或可以詐取而禍或可以茍免人道駮故天命之說亦駮焉法大弛則是非易位賞恒在佞而罰恒在直義不足以制其強刑不足以勝其非人之能勝天之具盡喪矣夫實巳喪而名徒存彼昧者方挈挈然提無實之名欲抗乎言天者斯數窮矣故曰天之所能者生萬物也人之所能者治萬物也法大行則其人曰天何預人邪我蹈道而已法大㢮則其人曰道竟何為邪任人而已法小㢮則天人之論駮焉今以一巳之窮通而欲質天之有無惑矣余曰天恒執其所能以臨乎下非有預乎治亂云爾人恒執其所能以仰乎天非有預乎寒暑云爾生乎治者人道明咸知其所自故徳與怨不歸乎天生乎亂者人道昧不可知故由人者舉歸乎天非天預乎人爾 |
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