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《卷九》
22  | 興也脊令雝渠水鳥也陸氏口大如鷃雀長腳長尾尖喙背上青灰色腹下白頸上黒如連錢杜陽人謂之連錢○嚴氏曰雪姑也況發語辭或曰當作怳況上聲○脊令飛則鳴行則搖有急難之意故以起興程子曰脊令首尾相應急難之際兄弟相應如是也○丘氏曰脊令飛則鳴行則搖不少自止猶兄弟在急難中其心亦不少自止○濮氏曰小宛題彼脊令載飛載鳴亦言於兄弟之詩而言當此之時雖有良朋不過為之長歎息而已力或不能相及也東萊呂氏曰疎其所親而親其所疎此失其本心者也故此詩反覆言朋友之不如兄弟蓋示之以親疎之分使之反循其本也眉山蘇氏曰人之急難相救不舍斯須如脊令者唯兄弟也雖有良朋其甚者不過為之長歏息而已小人好以親為怨而樂從其疎故此詩每以告之本心既得則由親及疎秩然有序兄弟之親既篤朋友之義亦敦矣初非薄於朋友也苟雜施而不孫雖曰厚於朋友如無源之水朝滿夕除胡可保哉或曰人之在難朋友亦可以坐視與曰每有良朋況也永歎則非不憂憫但視兄弟急難為有差等耳詩人之詞容有抑揚三山李氏曰以天屬之親故急難之際能盡其兄弟之恩也然則朋友之義可廢乎曰非也親疎之義則然鄉人鬭者閉戶可也同室鬭者被髪纓冠而救之親疎之義如此然常棣周公作也聖人之言小大髙下皆宜而前後左右不相悖 |
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