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《卷八》
11  | 古文洪範以極死作殛死羞用作敬用叶作協艾作乂畏作威䫉作貌䜭作睿悊作哲無侮作無虐頗作陂讀若秘古義字皆音俄正與頗叶唐明皇以今音為乂詔改頗為陂也雺作蒙圛作驛陽作暘奧作燠舒作豫霿作蒙卜五占之用無之字衍貣作衍忒說文殛鯀于羽山或作極此鯀則殛死以同是殛鯀遂改極字然仍是說文也若羞用五事叶用五紀艾用三德畏用六極思曰䜭明作悊艾時陽若悊時奧若舒恒奥若霿恒風若皆漢書五行志所改洪範之字毋侮鰥寡而畏高明曰涕曰霿占之用二衍貣曰暘曰奧皆史記微子世家所改洪範之字然史記漢書並不註定此是今文且如衍貣羞用諸字反有註曰尚書貣本作忒羞本作敬者則明是兩史私改之字而一連竊入可笑之甚至貌曰恭並無作䫉字者惟說文引漢刑法志人宵天地之䫉或从豹省聲則此係後起字非尚書字也若字書引古文尚書雨霽雺圛克註雺地氣上天氣不下也圛者雲半有半無也則引尚書文而變其字不必尚書字如此也況既稱古文尚可曰此今文字乎若無偏無陂與遵王之義押謂之本韻三聲此明皇所改者也無偏無頗與遵王之義押謂之通韻三聲此書原文也要之皆無礙者葢三聲者平上去也古人三聲皆通押而祗無入聲如尚書歌股肱起元首喜百工熙此本韻三聲也元首叢脞股肱惰萬事墮音灰此通韻三聲也推之他書無不然者如野有蔓草之零露●清揚婉適我願孔子曳杖歌之泰山其頺梁木其壞哲人其萎虞舜之南薰解慍鵲巢之穿墉速訟皆是故古之以頗押義正尚書歌之元首叢脞韻也猶詩之不失其馳舎矢如破易之與爾縻之其子和之也明皇之以陂押義正尚書歌之股肱喜哉韻也猶詩之悅懌女美美人之貽易之不可試也固有之也若謂義字古讀作俄此吳棫不通之論而朱氏誤襲之今又襲之古韻從此亡矣夫義之押歌哿韻者以支微齊佳灰歌麻尤皆通韻也若但以易之失其義也與信如何也而即謂讀俄則破斧之又缺我錡與四國是哦押錡當讀科左●繇詞為雷為火與為嬴敗姬押姬當讀箇已為不通至荀子成相篇論臣過反其施與末韻愚而上同國必禍押則施之轉聲必不能變而為收挫切之字而施韻絶矣予向謂韻不得轉叶者以轉叶無字不可唱念如無說詩匡鼎來來尚可讀黎若江夏黃童天下無雙則雙當讀施中切有是字乎無字而可以唱可以念乎施只讀尸來只讀萊雙只讀艭義只讀異義與陂押則為衝齒縮舌徴部之木聲其與頗押則為縮舌居中角部之通聲所謂韻也韻也者收聲者也收同則其聲均矣故曰五音不同聲而同均又謂之五均說見予古今通韻卷中 |
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