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《卷一百九十一》[View] [Edit] [History]

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欽定四庫全書
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明文海巻一百九十一   餘姚黃宗羲編書四十五
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忠告。
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復董潯翁老師許孚逺
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伏承惠教,纍纍數千言,老師之神思,可謂太勞,而留念弟子,亦太厚矣!吾師以頽暮之齡,受非常之侮,不肖孚逺,辱在門牆,素䝉知遇而不為攘臂,號呼其間者,非人情也,師何以憐之?深而與之過耶?苐世間萬事總是無常,升沉進退得失,去來如晦明寒暑之相尋無異,故君子無入而不自得,其見此明審也,日中則昃,月盈則虧,茍為處盈而中虧,昃必有所不免,聖賢于此,亦以為常,然而順之寵辱,不能驚哀,樂不能入,是其所以異于恒人者也。人或謂吾師髙年,履此蹇厄,又數十載拮据創造之艱,所為貽厥孫謀者,若不忍親見其損缺,嗟乎!百年之前,吾身且不知所自來,百年之後,吾身且不知其所從去,而何有于身外之一物,其亦何全,何缺何少何多耶?川竭而谷盈,丘夷而淵實,我之所失,人之所得,未為不可,而況以富貴豢養之子孫,投之艱難困苦之景象,使其動心忍性,增益其所不能,又所謂生于憂患禍兮,福所伏者也!師之髙明,洞然于此,豈得絲毫芥蔕如恒情所云耶?洪水滔天,此振古災變,而大禹惟行所無事,卒收平成之功,秦漢之間,宇內鼎沸,而張子房從容佐沛公,定帝業,又旋從赤松子遊,委功名于何有?古之聖賢豪傑,施為作用,類如此師,豈難取法之耶?弟子非敢為是,迂濶之談,實以老師,今日全在自處有道,完其天和,以躋上夀,其諸訟事,紛紛一聴,令孫處置,與有司斷決可矣,惟尊慈亮察,幸甚!
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別徐存齋張居正
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居正惶恐頓首,再拜上書,師相閣下,居正即日南發,逺隔門牆,未一奉音。徽竊念正自寒士,非閥閲衣冠之族,乏金張左右之榮,弱冠登朝,賴相公甄,拔厠在下弟子,深䝉鑒奬,雖仲舉知深于徐孺,中郎倒屣于仲宣,未為過也。知已之恩,每懐國士之報,假令相公,興周召之業,使如正者,束帶立朝,參制作之任,或拾遺左右,備九九之數,雖不能使惡言,不至門人加親,然進奮短翮飛翔之用,退效杞梁一介之死,正雖至愚,敢不勉乎?小人命薄,分過災生蒲柳之質,一旦溘先朝露,則終已無以報知奬之恩,死有餘恨,竊不自諒有惓惓之愚,秋毫少效于萬一,惟相公裁察焉!相公雅量古心,自在詞林,即負重望三十餘年,及登揆席,益允物情,內無瑣瑣姻婭之私,外無交關請謁之釁,此天下士傾心而延竚也。然自爰立以來,今且二稔中間,淵謀黙運,固非謭識可窺,然綱紀風俗,宏模巨典,猶未見使天下改觀而易聽者,相公豈欲委順以俟時乎?語曰:日中必熭,操刀必割。竊見向者張文隱公剛直之氣,毅然以天下為己任,然不逾年,遽以病殁,近歐陽公人倫冠冕,嚮用方殷,亦奄然長逝,二公者皆自以神智妙用,和光遵養,然二三年間,相繼凋謝,何則?方圓之施異用,愠結之懐難堪也,相公于兩賢意氣,久要何圖?一旦奄喪,誰當與相公共功者,況今榮進之路,險于榛棘,惡直醜正,實繁有徒,相公內抱不羣,外欲渾跡,將以竢時,不亦難乎?盍若披腹心,見情素,伸獨斷之明計,捐流俗之顧慮,慨然一決其平生,若天啟其衷,忠能悟主,即竹帛之名可期也,吾道竟阻,休泰無期,即抗浮雲之志,遺世獨徃,亦一快也,孰與欝欝顑頷而竊歎也?夫宰相者,天子所重也,身不重則言不行,近年以來,主臣之情日隔朝廷大政,有古匹夫可髙論于天子之前者,而今之宰相,不敢出一言,何則?顧忌之情勝也,然其失在豢糜,人主之爵祿,不能以道自重,而求言之動,人主必不可幾矣,願相公髙視𤣥覽,抗志塵埃之外,其于爵祿也量,而後受寵,至不驚皎然不私之心,上信乎主,下孚于衆,則身重于泰山,言信于蓍龜,進則為龍、為光,退則為鴻為㝠,豈不綽有餘裕哉?公孫𢎞有言:人主病不廣大,人臣病不節儉,身為漢相,脫粟布被,良史稱之。夫京師,四方之極,大臣庶民之表也,自頃內外用竭,習尚侈靡,貧者䄈褐不完,而在位者或婢妾衣紈綺,百姓藜藿不飽,而在位者或廝養厭粱肉,此損下益上之尤者也,誠宜倡之以儉,視之以禮,𢎞晏子狐裘之節,覽詩人羔羊之詠,庶儀刑百辟,易移侈俗也。夫天子有諍臣,士有諍友,故能動,不失,則故藥石猶生我美疢滋毒也,端人直士,藥石也,令色孔壬,美疢也,然端直勁而難親,令壬柔而易狎,傾佞之人,未語而唯唯,未言而諾諾,較德則擬于臯伊,論功則卑乎管晏,足使人志滿情逸,受其面謾,此髙允所以深疾閔湛,謂其所營尺寸之間,而貽崔浩無窮之害者也,願相公擇士之端諒者,使在左右,資其匡輔,聞其讜言,亦鴻業之一助也。夫士習者,人才之關也,自頃士氣頽靡,亷恥道喪,苞苴顯于贄雉,倖孔多于亡羊,乞温逐臭,相煽成風,豈可令明主在上,相公在位,而習弊至此?夫爵祿賞鑒所以磨世也,亷恥節義所以建標也,爵祿賞鍳,不足以激上才,止可以勸中人耳,然上才百一中才者,多令爵祿賞鑒,常歸之,亷耻節義,則中才者望標而趨矣!迨夫清議已行,士氣己振,然後相公鎮之以無名之樸,醖之以醇和之氣,即大化薰蒸,風俗長厚矣,此相公今日所得為者,若夫格天之業,致主之功,固非末士所與,且愚䝉未諳,故不敢言也。夫翳薈之翔,無以論九蒼之高,蹄涔之遊,無以測四溟之深,相公德冠宇宙,知兼衆哲而下走,欲以管窺之見,仰禆髙深,不狂則愚,且以下賤干非其分,不知者以為預結于左右也,然自惟受恩深重,茍有效于涓埃,即剖肝裂膚,亦所不辭,况恤其他乎?古人之言曰:近而不言為謟,逺而不言為怨,今將逺矣,不勝感激,縈積鄙懐,臨發澘然,詞不宣心,仰惟相公清閒之燕,垂察狂狷之言,幸甚幸甚!
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明文海卷一百九十一。
URN: ctp:ws530157

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