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《卷下之上》
34  | 爾雅鴟鴞鸋鴂邢疏舍人曰䲭鴞一名鸋鴂郭云䲭類詩豳風云鴟鴞毛傳云䲭鴞鸋鴂先儒皆以為今之巧婦郭註此云䲭𩔖又註方言云鸋鴂䲭鴞鴟屬非此小雀明矣是與先儒意異也今爾雅以郭氏為宗且依郭氏埤雅先儒以為鴟鴞即今巧婦郭註爾雅獨云䲭類則璞與先儒異意以詩與爾雅考之宜如璞義蓋爾雅言䲭鴞鸋鴂繼云狂茅䲭怪鴟梟䲭則䲭鴞宜亦䲭類賈誼所謂鸞鳳伏竄䲭鴞翺翔是也詩曰鴟鴞鴟鴞既取我子無毀我室則其語似戒鴟鴞之詞正如黃鳥之詩非鴟鴞自道也㫺賢云鴟鴞惜功愛子及室誤矣其二章曰迨天之未陰雨徹彼桑土綢繆牖戶迨天之未陰雨及其閒暇之譬也徹彼桑土綢繆牖戶明其政刑之譬也孔子曰為此詩者其知道乎及其國家閒暇明其政刑孰敢侮之為是故也東萊呂氏曰鸋鴂䲭鴞之別名郭景純陸農師所解皆得之方言云自闗而東謂桑飛曰鸋鴂此乃陸璣疏所謂巧婦似黃雀而小其名偶與鴟鴞之別名同與爾雅之所載實兩物也毛鄭誤指以解詩歐陽氏雖知其失乃併與爾雅非之蓋未攷郭景純之註耳朱註云鴟鴞鵂鶹惡鳥攫鳥子而食者也藍田呂氏曰惡聲之鷙鳥也有鴞萃止翩彼飛鴞為梟為䲭蓋梟之類也華谷嚴氏曰䲭鴞喜破鳥巢而食其子山陰陸氏曰䲭鵂一名隻狐鴞服鬼車之類爾雅又云鵅鵋䳢註今江東呼為鵂鶹為鵋欺亦謂之鴝鵅又云怪鴟註即䲭鵂也見廣雅今江東通呼此屬為怪鳥莊子云鵂鶹夜撮蚤察毫末晝出瞑目不見丘山言殊性也博物志云鵂鶹一名鵄鵂晝日無見夜則目至明人截爪甲棄露地此鳥夜至人家拾取爪視之則知吉凶輒便鳴其家有殃本草云鉤鵅入城城空入宅宅空怪鳥也又有鵂鶹亦是其𩔖微小而黃夜能食人手爪知人吉凶纂文曰鵂鶹夜能食蚤蝨蚤爪音相近俗人云拾人棄爪相吉凶妄說也淮南萬畢術曰鵄鵂致鳥取鵄鵂折其大羽絆其兩足以為媒張羅其傍則鳥聚矣歐陽氏云今鴞多攫鳥子而食名物疏云鴟鴞名鸋鴂巧婦亦名鸋鴂故先儒多誤以䲭鴞為巧婦其實䲭鴞是鴞類耳衛風流離之子此土梟也陳風有鴞萃止此爾雅之梟䲭也竝非此䲭鴞朱傳以為鵂鶹則又誤鵂鶹爾雅謂之鵅鵋䳢又云怪鴟不得為䲭鴞也若巧婦乃周頌之桃蟲耳據本草則鵋䳢鵂鶹又是二物及鄭氏云鷦鷯生題肩與鴞亦無所出難以管見定其然否韓詩說云䲭鴞鸋鴂鳥名也䲭鴞所以愛養其子者適以病之愛憐養其子者謂堅固其窠巢病之者謂不知託於大樹茂枝反敷之葦䓟風至䓟折有子則死有卵則破是其病也與荀子所說蒙鳩同楊倞荀子註云蒙鳩鷦鷯也是韓嬰亦以䲭鴞為巧婦也按經云既取我子無毀我室雖云比擬之詞其為惡鳥無疑矣嚴華谷云喜破鳥巢而食其子朱晦菴云攫鳥子而食極合風人之㫖陸元恪認為巧婦釋文全非大凡說詩者鳥獸草木之名固應詳覈亦必得顧母法方解人頤若夫流離之子顯然借惡鳥以斥衞人朱子云流離漂散也謂之何哉 |
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