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《卷下之上》
70  | 大戴礼云羽虫三百六十凤皇为之长禽经云凤雄凰雌亦曰瑞鶠亦曰鸑鷟羽族之君长也尔雅云鶠凤其雌皇邢疏郭云瑞应鸟鸡头蛇颈燕颔龟背鱼尾五彩色髙六尺许说文云神鸟也字从鸟凡声凤飞则羣鸟从以万数故凤古作朋字山海经曰丹穴之山有鸟焉其状如鹤五彩而文名曰凤首文曰徳翼文曰顺背文曰义膺文曰仁腹文曰信饮食自歌自舞京房易传曰凤凰髙丈二广雅云凤皇雄鸣曰即即雌鸣曰足足昏鸣曰固常晨鸣曰发明昼鸣曰保长举鸣曰上翔集鸣曰归昌翳鸟鸾鸟鷫鷞鸑鷟鸹音古活切筒音动鵕䴊广昌鹪明凤皇属也埤雅云凤神鸟俗呼鸟王王文公曰凤鸟有文河图有画非人为也旧云凤皇其翼若干其声若箫不啄生虫不折生草不羣居不旅行不罹罗网一说乾臯断舌则坐歌孔雀拍尾则立舞人胜之也鸾入夜而歌凤入朝而舞天胜之也尔雅曰鶠凤其雌皇凤鸟之美者能君其类雌则美而不大故其雌皇又龙乗云凤乗风故谓之鶠鶠偃也衆鸟偃服焉尔雅翼云韩诗外传曰黄帝即位宇内和平惟思凤象召天老而问之天老对曰夫凤象鸿前而麐后蛇颈而鱼尾鹳颡而鸳思龙文而龟背燕颔而鸡啄五彩具扬出东方君子之国翺翔四海之外过昆仑饮底柱濯羽弱水草宿丹穴见则天下大安宁又有六𧰼九苞之说鸿前者轩也麐后者丰也蛇颈者宛也鱼尾者岐也鹳颡者椎也鸳思者张也龙文者致也龟背者隆也燕颔者方也鷄喙者鈎也六像头像天者圆也目像日者明也背像月者偃也翼像风者舒也足像地者方也尾像纬者五色具也九苞口包命者不妄鸣也心合度者进退精也耳聴达者居髙明也舌诎伸者能变声也彩色光者文彩呈也冠矩朱者南方行也距鋭鈎者武可称也音激扬者声逺闻也腹文户者不妄纳也行鸣曰归嬉止鸣曰提扶夜鸣曰善哉晨鸣曰贺世飞鸣曰郎都知我者唯黄持竹实来译其音而附之声也黄帝使伶伦制十二筒聴凤鸣其雄鸣为六雌鸣亦六比黄锺之宫而皆可以生之是为律本少皥氏以其鸣合十二律故设凤鸟氏之官以为厯正及帝舜之世作箫以象之故箫韶九成凤凰来仪禽经曰□以鸣鸣凤凤以仪仪□仪匹也如衞诗实维我仪是也南思州北甘山壁立千仞有瀑水飞下猿狖不能至凤皇巢其上彼人呼为凤皇山所食亦虫鱼遇大风雨或飘堕其雏小者犹如鹤而足差短南人截取其觜谓之鳯皇杯蔡衡对光武凡凤有五多赤色者乃凤多黄色者鵷雏多青色者鸾多紫色者鸑鷟多白色者鹄禽经亦曰青凤谓之鶡赤凤谓之鹑黄凤谓之鸾白凤谓之鷫紫凤谓之鷟说文亦曰五方神鸟东方曰发明南方曰焦明西方曰鷫鷞北方曰幽昌中央曰凤皇则此五者皆凤𩔖使不足道不至为怪祥矣而乐叶图徵说五凤皆五色为瑞者一为孽者四鷫鷞疫之感发明丧之感焦明水之感幽昌旱之感且既称为凤首翼背膺腹文皆合五常岂应为孽盖汉儒既夸大其辞推凤为希世之瑞夸而无验极而必反则又推之以为孽反覆无所据皆不足取也至若汉书云凡五色大鸟似凤者多羽虫之孽是则异鸟之不知名者也遽可凤之耶淮南子曰三皇凤至于庭三代凤至于泽徳弥浇所至弥逺徳弥精所至弥近左传云凤鸟氏司厯杜预云凤知时故以名厯官礼运云凤以为畜故鸟不獝元命包云火离为凤运斗枢云天枢得则凤皇翔斗威仪曰君乗土而王其政太平凤皇集于林苑乐叶图徵云五音克谐各得其伦则凤皇至动声仪云镇星不逆行则凤皇至帝王世纪云国安其主好文则凤皇翔庄子云凤带圣撄仁左智右贤瑞应图云凤皇仁鸟王者不刳胎剖卵则至 |
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