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Scope: 孫子集注
Condition : Contains text 「鼌」
Total 1

孫子集注卷之一·計篇

48
〇杜牧曰:隂陽者,五行刑德,向背之類是也。今《五緯行止》最可據驗。巫咸、甘氏、石氏、唐蒙、史墨、梓慎、禆灶之徒,皆有著述。咸稱秘奧,察其指歸,皆本人事。《準星經》曰:歲星所在之分,不可攻。攻之反受其殃也。《左傳·昭三十二年》,夏,吳伐越,始用師於越。史墨曰:「不及四十年,越其有吳乎。」越得歲而吳伐之,必受其殃。註曰,存亡之數,不過三紀。歲月三周,三十六歲。故曰不及四十年也。此年歲在星紀,星紀,吳分也。歲星所在,其國有福。吳先用兵,故反受其殃。哀二十二年,越滅吳,至此三十八歲也。李淳風曰:天下誅秦,歲星聚於東井,秦政暴虐,失歲星仁和之理,違歲星㳟肅之道,拒諌信讒,是故胡亥終於滅亡。復曰,歲星清明,潤澤所在之國,分大吉,君令合於時,則歲星光喜,年豐人安君,尚暴虐,令人不便,則歲星色芒角而怒,則兵起。由此言之,歲星所在,或有福德,或有災祥,豈不皆本於人事乎。夫吳越之君,德均𫝑敵,闔閭興師,志於吞滅,非為拯民,故歲星福越而禍吳。秦之殘酷天下,誅之上合天意,故歲星禍秦而祚漢。熒惑,罰星也。宋景公出一善言,熒惑退移三舎,而延二十七年。以此推之,歲為善星,不福無道,火為罰星,不罰有德。舉此二者,其它可知。況所臨之分,隨其政化之善惡,各變其本色,芒角大小,隨為禍福,各隨時而占之。淳風曰:夫形器著於下,精象係於上,近取之身,耳目為肝腎之用,鼻口實心腹所資,彼此影響,豈不然歟。易曰:「在天成象,在地成形,變化見矣。」蓋本於人事而已矣。刑德向背之說,尤不足信。夫刑德天官之陳,背水陳者為絕紀,向山阪陳者為廢軍。武王伐紂,背清水,向山阪而陳,以二萬二千五百人,擊紂之億萬而滅之。今可目睹者,國家自元和已至今三十年間,凡四伐趙寇,昭義軍加以數道之衆,常號十萬,圍之臨城縣,攻其南不拔,攻其北不拔,攻其東不拔,攻其西不拔。其四度圍之,通有十歲。十歲之內,東西南北豈有刑德向背、王相吉辰哉?其不拔者,豈不曰城堅池深,糧多人一哉。復以往事驗之,秦累世戰勝,竟滅六國,豈天道二百年間常在乾方,福德常居鶉首?豈不曰穆公已還,卑身趨士,務耕戰,明法令,而致之乎。故梁惠王問尉繚子曰:黃帝有刑德,可以百戰百勝,其有之乎:尉繚子曰:不然。黃帝所謂刑德者,刑以伐之,德以守之,非世之所謂刑德也。夫舉賢用能者,不時日而利,明法審令者,不卜筮而吉。貴功養勞者,不禱祠而福。周武王伐紂,師次於汜水,共頭山風雨疾雷,鼓旗毀折,王之驂乘,惶懼欲死。太公曰:夫用兵者,順天道未必吉,逆之未必㐫。若失人事,則三軍敗亡。且天道鬼神,視之不見,聽之不聞,故智者不法,愚者拘之。若乃好賢而任能,舉事而得時,此則不看時日而事利,不假卜筮而事吉,不待禱祠而福從。遂命驅之前進。周公曰:今時逆太歲,龜灼言㐫,卜筮不吉,星㐫為災,請還。師太公怒曰:今紂剖比干,囚箕子,以飛廉為政,伐之有何不可。枯草朽骨,安可知乎。乃焚龜折蓍,率衆先渉,武王從之,遂滅紂。宋高祖圍慕容超於廣固,將攻城,諸將咸諫曰:今往亡之日,兵家所忌。高祖曰:我往,彼亡,吉孰大焉。乃命悉登,遂克廣固。後魏太祖武帝討後燕慕容麟,甲子晦日進軍,太史令崇奏曰:昔紂以甲子日亡,帝曰,周武豈不以甲子日勝乎。崇無以對,遂戰,破之。後魏太武帝征夏赫連昌於統萬城,師次城下。昌鼓噪而前,會有風雨從賊後來,太史進曰:天不助人,將士飢渴,願且避之。崔浩曰:千里制勝一日,豈得變易,風道在人,豈有常也。帝從之。昌軍大敗。或曰,如此者,隂陽向背,定不足信。孫子叙之何也?答曰:夫暴君昬主,或為一珤一馬,則必殘人逞志,非以天道鬼神,誰能制止。故孫子叙之,蓋有深旨。寒暑時氣,節制其行止也。周瑜為孫權數曹公四敗,一曰今盛寒,馬無槁草,驅中國士衆,逺渉江湖,不習水土,必生疾病。此用兵之忌也。寒暑同歸於天時,故聮以敘之也。

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