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《後序》
14  | 六書未作六書之體㪔俗用徹在天地六書既作天地之用具乎六書大哉聖人之造書也其得天地之用乎觀夫日月列星之懸象□古雲回古靁時□古雨之變態山川之流峙峙非萬物之紛錯莫非天地自然之書自昔大暤飛龍之●不過仰觀天文俯察地理旁及鳥獸艸木人物之宜效其形畵厺聲其迹而已故六書初一曰象形文字之本也次二曰指事加於象形者也次三曰㑹意次四曰諧聲合夫象形指事者也次五曰假借次六曰轉注侂夫四者之中者也獨體為文合體為字象形指事文也象形文之純指事文之加也㑹意諧聲字也諧聲字之純㑹意字之閒厺聲也假借轉注則文字之俱也肇於象形滋於指事廣於㑹意備於諧聲至於聲則無不諧矣四書不足然後假借以通其聲聲有未合而又轉注以演其聲象形指事一也象形有加為指事㑹意諧聲一也㑹意主聲為諧聲假借轉注一也假借叶聲為轉注明乎此則六書之能事畢矣學者既識文字之有間又當識子母之相生母能生子不能生主類為母從類為子生字為母從生為子顯為母隱為子約為母滋者為子用者為母不用者為子得埶勢俗為母不得勢為子母主形主義子但主聲子母之文既立於是蒼史沮誦主母而役子率子而從母字之而已矣何嘗容一豪●力於其間哉許尗重作說文定五百四十類為字母然誤以子為母者二百十類今姑毛舉一二如句類生拘鉤菐音僕類生僕䑑古僕拘當入手類鉤當入金類僕當入人類䑑當入臣類葢句菐字為子不能生是為虚設故夹漈鄭氏作象類書厺許氏二百十而取其三百三十母為形之主又集八百七十子為聲之主合千二百丈而成無窮之字其立法至簡其為教則備矣愚又折衷二家之是非定為三百六十部并子及義晦者凡一千三百字其義顯者舉目于上惜乎保氏之教不立小學之失其傳寖乆雖老師宿儒尚不能一探其義而反指是為非急是可歎也 |
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