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《卷四》
21  | 朱傳碩大也爾雅鼫鼠孫炎云五伎鼠郭璞云形大如鼠頭似兔尾有毛青黃色好在田中食粟豆關西呼為鼩鼠見廣雅說文鼫五技鼠也能飛不能上屋能緣不能窮木能游不能度谷能穴不能掩身能走不能先人蔡邕以為此螻蛄䶆音瞿今本作鼩誤也荀子梧鼠五技而窮詩義疏碩鼠樊光謂即爾雅碩鼠也許愼云鼫鼠今之河東有大鼠能人立交前兩脚于頸上跳舞善鳴食人禾苗人逐則走入樹空中亦有五技或謂之雀鼠其形大故序云大鼠也魏國今河北縣是也言其方物宜是此鼠非鼫鼠本草又謂螻蛄為石鼠亦五技古今注土名蠱鳥物異名同非兩也文子聖人師拱鼠制禮録異記拱鼠形大如常鼠行田野中見人即拱手而立人近欲捕之即跳躍走去秦川有之雅翼詩稱相鼠即河東大鼠也埤雅鼫鼠害稼者一名雀鼠即河東大鼠韓退之所謂禮鼠拱而立者也爾雅翼釋鼯鼠云鼯狀如小狐翼大率如服翼翅尾項脇毛紫赤色背色蒼艾腹下黃喙頷襍白腳短爪長尾三尺許好暗夜行飛且乳亦謂之飛生聲如人呼食煙火能從髙赴下不能從下上髙東吳諸郡皆有之即梧鼠荀子所謂五技者一名由夷一名鸓又名飛鸓又名鸓鼠雖同有五投恐非鼫䑕之類古今注螻蛄一名碩䑕亦有五技序云貪而畏人若大鼠故以之斥君解頥新語曰蠶之食桑無時而厭食盡而後已喻重斂者莫切于此鼠之食物且食且驚四顧不寧喻貪畏者莫切於此名物疏陸云碩鼠非鼫鼠而邢昺謂陸所說與爾雅注同今觀兩家之說未見其同也碩鼠能交前兩足于頸故或以為拱鼠孫炎以相鼠有皮謂相州所出之碩鼠而録異記云拱鼠出秦陸璣疏碩鼠亦不名拱鼠古今注說螻蛄一名碩鼠然螻蛄不食黍麥食黍麥者自是鼠屬耳朱傳但以為大鼠郊特牲云迎貓為其食田鼠也大戴禮云田鼠者鼸鼠也然則碩鼠得非鼸鼠之大者乎通雅云鼯鼺為飛生鼫鼠為拱鼠飛生即蝙蝠之大者說文誤以鼫鼠為五技諸家因之遂混為一物 |
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