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| Scope: 離騷草木疏 |
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《離騷草木疏》
45  | 故荼薺不同畝兮王逸注荼薺不同畝而俱生以言忠侫亦不同朝而俱用也爾雅荼苦菜邢昺疏菜味苦而可食者也本草苦菜一名荼菜一名選一名游冬生益州凌冬不死桐君録云三月生扶疏六月花從葉出莖真黃八月實黑實落根長生冬不枯陶隱居云今茗極似此疑即是茗一名荼又令人不眠亦凌冬不彫而嫌其止生益州益州乃有其菜正是苦𧄹耳又巴東間別有真荼火煏作巻結亦令人不眠恐或是此又白英條一名榖菜陶云益州有苦菜土人專食之皆壯健無病疑或是此唐本註引詩云誰謂荼苦又堇荼如飴皆苦菜異名也陶謂之茗茗乃木類殊非菜流爾雅釋草云荼苦菜釋木雲檟苦荼二物全別又顏氏家訓按易通卦驗元圖曰苦菜生扵寒秋經冬曆春夏乃得成葉似苦苜而細斷之有白汁花黃似菊此則與桐君略同所在有之苦𧄹乃龍葵耳俗亦名苦菜非荼也蜀本圖經云春花夏實至秋復生花而不實陳藏器云苦𧄹葉極似龍葵但龍葵子無殻苦𧄹子有殻蘇云是龍葵其考據誤也人亦呼為小苦㲨顏師古刊謬正俗云苦菜主療諸病功力甚多茗草豈有此效桐君所說正得體狀今呉蜀謂苦菜者即爾雅所謂𧄹黃蒢耳仁傑按詩採苦正義曰此荼也陸璣云苦菜生山田及澤中得霜味脆而美所謂堇荼如飴者按此菜諸家之說不一謂味似苦苣者是也陶所云苦𧄹蓋苦參別名顏所云𧄹葉似酸漿江東以作葅食者𧄹與堇不同又本草唐本別出茗苦■〈艸梌〉條爾雅荼檟二釋此以荼與薺合言之則荼薺皆當為草東坡詩周詩記苦荼茗飲出近世似亦誤指荼為苦荼耳夏小正四月取荼以為君薦蓋荼薺所以異者荼始苦而終甘薺則初食便甘又孟夏當陽長陰消之極而是月苦菜秀薺麥枯則知荼陽物也薺陰物也是又不同畝而俱生之義又爾雅委葉味辛且苦亦謂之荼周頌以薅荼蓼荼蓼即委葉也蘇鶚演義云紫葉者為香荼青葉者為青荼又茅搜亦謂之荼詩有女如荼國語望之如荼皆與此名同體殊也孫氏齊民要術音義云苣今葉皺而圓者謂之苦■〈艸賈〉葉長而光者謂之生菜畦種之甘脆勝野生者 |
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