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卷24 樂書第二

30
土敝則草木不長,水煩則魚不大,正義此樂言章第三段,言邪樂不可化民。將言邪樂之由,故此前以天地為譬,此以地為譬也。敝猶勞熟,煩猶數攪動也。土過勞熟,水過撓動,則草木魚不長大也。氣衰則生物不育,正義此以天譬也。氣者,天時氣也。氣者衰微,則生物不復成遂也。世亂則禮廢而樂淫。正義此合譬也。世謂時世。亂,其禮不備,樂不節,故流淫過度。水土勞敝,則草木魚不長大,如時世濁亂之禮樂,不可為化矣。是故其聲哀而不莊,樂而不安,正義樂音洛。此證樂淫之事也。淫樂則聲哀而無莊,故雖奏以自樂,必致傾危,非自安之道,故云樂而不安。若關雎「樂而不淫,哀而不傷」,則是有莊敬而安者也。慢易以犯節,正義易,以豉反。言無莊敬,慢易也。無節奏,故云犯節也。即是哀而不莊也。流湎以忘本。正義湎音沔。靡靡無窮,失於終止,故言忘本,即樂而不安之義也。廣則容姦。正義言淫慝禮樂,聲無節也。廣,聲緩也。容,含也。其聲緩者,則含容姦偽也。狹則思欲,集解王肅曰:「其音廣大,則容姦偽;其狹者,則使人思利欲也。」狹,聲急也。其聲急者,則思欲攻之也。感滌蕩之氣而滅平和之德,正義感,動也。言此惡樂能動善人滌蕩之善氣,使失其所,而滅善人平和之德也。是以君子賤之也。正義君子用樂調和,是故賤於動滅平和之氣也。

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