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《卷三十一》
51  | 范氏曰孔子因武王之言而及文王之至徳其指微矣此言孔子微有不滿武王之意也文武皆聖人也文王之時紂之惡未熟故文王猶得以事之至於武王之時則紂之惡已極殺比干囚箕子微子紂之庶兄也抱祭器而歸周武王於此雖欲不伐商有不可得者豈武王之心哉文王武王均為聖人但所處之時既異故所行之道不同文王所處乃君臣之常武王所處乃君臣之變常固正也變而不失其正是亦常而已矣然常道人皆可為變則非聖人不可為故聖人於湯武之事每微有不足之意如論樂則以武為未盡善論㤗伯之讓天下文王之事殷皆稱其為至徳伯夷則謂求仁而得仁此非貶湯武也蓋惜其不幸而為此不獲已之舉也然恐後世遂以湯武為非故又曰湯武革命順乎天而應乎人言湯之變夏命武王之變殷命皆順乎人心而應乎天命也蓋桀紂之暴非湯武出而征之則生民之類皆將㸏滅而後已又豈天之心哉故湯曰予畏上帝不敢不正武王曰予不順天厥罪惟鈞論語微有不滿之意者恐後世亂臣賊子借湯武之名以窺伺神器也易發革命之義者恐後世亂君肆行於上而無所憚也聖人立言其為後世慮深矣東坡乃謂湯武非聖人盖但見一偏而不知聖人或抑或揚皆有微指也問色舉翔集 |
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