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《卷一百四十三》
1  | 马祖常，字伯庸，世为雍古部，居净州天山。有锡里吉思者，于祖常为高祖，金季为凤翔兵马判官，以节死赠恆州刺史，子孙因其官，以马为氏。曾祖月合乃，从世祖征宋，留汴，掌馈饷，累官礼部尚书。父润，同知漳州路总管府事，家于光州。祖常七岁知学，得钱即以市书。十岁时，见烛欹烧屋，解衣沃水以灭火，咸嗟异之。既长，益笃于学。蜀儒张摐道仪真，往受业其门，质以疑义数十，摐甚器之。延祐初，科举法行，乡贡、会试皆中第一，廷试为第二人。授应奉翰林文字。拜监察御史。是时仁宗在御已久，犹居东宫，饮酒常过度。祖常上书请「御正衙，立朝仪，御史执简，太史执笔，则虽有怀奸利己乞官求赏者，不敢出诸口。天子承天地祖宗之重，当极调摄，至于酒醴，近侍进御，当思一献百拜之义。」英宗为皇太子，又上书请慎简师傅。于是奸臣铁木迭兒为丞相，威权自恣。祖常知其盗观国史，率同列劾奏其十罪，仁宗震怒，黜罢之。秦州山移，祖常言：「山不动之物，今而动焉，由在野有当用不用之贤，在官有当言不言之佞，故致然尔。」疏闻，大臣皆家居待罪。祖常荐贤拔滞，知无不言。俄改宣政院经历，月餘辞归，起为社稷署令。亡何，奸臣复相，左迁开平县尹，因欲中伤之，遂退居光州。久之，奸臣既死，乃除翰林待制。泰定建储，擢典宝少监、太子左赞善。寻兼翰林直学士，除礼部尚书。丁祖母忧，起为右赞善，复除礼部尚书，寻辞归。 |
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