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《說文解字注》
71  | 注解：平頭□也。考工記。冶氏為戈。廣二寸。內倍之。胡三之。援四之。倨句外博。重三鋝。鄭曰：戈，今句子戟也。或謂之雞鳴。或謂之擁頸。內謂胡以內接柲者也。長四寸。胡六寸。援八寸。戈，句兵也。主於胡也。俗謂之曼胡以此。鄭司農云，援，直刃也。胡其子。按依先鄭戈有直刃，則非平頭也。宋黃氏伯思始疑鄭注。近程氏瑤田攷戈刃如劍橫出而稍倨。所謂援八寸也。援之下近柲為胡。連上為刃。所謂胡六寸也。其橫毌於柲而外出者凡四寸。所謂內倍之也。戈戟之金非冒於柲之首。皆為之內。橫毌外出。且於胡之近柲處為三孔。纏縛於柲以固之。古戈戟時有存者。核之可知也。說詳通藝錄。按許說戈為平頭戟。從弋以一象之。然則戈刃之橫出無疑也。橫出故謂之援。援，引也。凡言援者皆謂橫引之。直上者不曰援也。且戈戟皆句兵。矛刺兵。殳□兵。殳嫥於□者也。矛嫥於刺者也。戟者兼刺與句者也。戈者兼句與□者也。用其橫刃則為句兵。用橫刃之喙以啄人則為□兵。□與句相因為用。故左氏多言戈擊。若晉中行獻子夢厲公以戈擊之。齊正何以戈擊子之。解其左肩。鄭子南逐子晳。擊之以戈。衛齊氏用戈擊公孟。公魯以背蔽之。□肱。以中公孟之肩。魯昭公將以戈擊僚柤。楚盜以戈擊昭王。王孫由余以背受之。中肩。越靈姑浮以戈擊闔廬。傷將指。齊□公執戈將擊陳成子。衛石乞盂黶敵子路。以戈擊之。□纓。皆言擊不言刺。惟盧蒲癸以寢戈自後刺子之言刺。葢癸與王何同用戈。癸逼近子之故言刺。王向去子之稍遠故言擊。且二人一在後一在前。相為掎角也。若長狄僑如，魯富父終甥摏其喉以戈殺之。由長狄長三丈。旣獲之不能殺之。故自下企上以舂其喉也。自下舂其喉。計長狄長不過二丈。容旣獲之後。身橫於地而殺之。摏亦擊也。言曰：戈，楚謂之釨。凡戟而無刃，秦晉之閒謂之釨。或謂之鏔。吳楊之閒謂之戈。東齊秦晉之閒謂其大者曰鏝胡。其曲者謂之鉤釨鏝胡。文言釨鉤鏝字皆轉寫訛俗。古只作句孑曼。云無刃者，謂無直刃也。云句子者，謂其為句兵，取義於無右臂之孑也。云曼胡者，取義於曲處如□領之肥大也。詳繹鄭注本無不同。所引先鄭乃不可從。從弋，謂秘長六尺六寸。一衡之。象形。衡各本作橫。依許全書例正。弋之首一橫之而已矣。先鄭云。援為直刃，胡其孑。非也。古禾切。十七部。凡戈之屬皆從戈。2029 |
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