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卷一百三十六

58
魏無鄕黨之法,唯立宗主督護;民多隱冒,三五十家始為一戶。內秘書令李沖上言:祕書省在禁中,故謂之內祕書令,亦謂之中祕。上,時掌翻。「宜準古法:五家立鄰長,五鄰立里長,五里立黨長,取鄕人彊謹者為之。鄰長復一夫,里長二夫,黨長三夫,長,知兩翻。復,方目翻。三載無過,則升一等。其民調,一夫一婦,帛一匹,粟二石。大率十匹為公調,二匹為調外費,三匹為百官俸。此外復有雜調。調,徒弔翻。俸,扶用翻。復,扶又翻。民年八十已上,聽一子不從役。孤獨、癃老、篤疾、貧窮不能自存者,三長內迭養食之。」食,讀曰飤。書奏,詔百官通議。中書令鄭羲等皆以為不可。太尉丕曰:「臣謂此法若行,於公私有益。但方有事之月,校比戶口,民必勞怨。請過今秋,至冬乃遣使者,於事為宜。」沖曰:「『民可使由之,不可使知之。』《論語》孔子之言。若不因調時,調時,所謂調課之月。民徒知立長校戶之勤,未見均傜省賦之益,心必生怨。宜及調課之月,令知賦稅之均,旣識其事,又得其利,行之差易。」易,以豉翻。羣臣多言:「九品差調,為日已久,九品,上中下各分為三品,事見一百三十二卷宋明帝泰始五年。一旦改法,恐成擾亂。」文明太后曰:「立三長則課調有常準,苞蔭之戶可出,僥倖之人可止,何為不可!」僥,堅堯翻。甲戌,初立黨、里、鄰三長,定民戶籍。民始皆愁苦,豪彊者尤不願。旣而課調省費十餘倍,上下安之。

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