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-> 尚书考异

《尚书考异》[View] [Edit] [History]

Author梅鷟
DynastyMing
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《钦定四库全书》本
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尚书考异》五卷,明代梅鷟著,是《古文尚书》辨伪的重要著作。

梅鷟是明代正德癸酉举人,曾任南京国子监助教。《古文尚书》之伪,从南宋吴棫朱熹,及元代吴澄等人已经有所怀疑,但皆仅是私议,并无具体证据。梅鷟著《尚书考异》是第一部全面性抉发梅赜《古文尚书》之伪的专书,例如梅氏从地理方面考证「孔传」提到的地名是汉武帝以后才出现的名称,如积石山在汉昭帝时才置金城郡,孔传却说积石山在金城西南;瀍水出谷城县,到了晋朝才划入河南,孔传却说其出自河南北山。但《尚书考异》考辨方式仍存在缺陷。程廷祚认为要考辨《古文尚书》之伪,重点应在于《古文尚书》是「来历不明」。梅鷟虽然抉发《古文尚书》有大量蹈袭之迹,但无法认定梅赜就是抄袭得来,也无法证明刘向刘歆班固所称之《古文尚书》就是真的「孔壁《古文尚书》」,要解决真伪问题,就必须知道究竟是谁抄袭谁。陈第曾作《尚书疏衍》驳斥梅鷟之说。阎若璩亦认为梅鷟对《尚书》证伪方式过于武断。梅氏最早指出《古文尚书·大禹谟》中的「人心惟危,道心惟微,惟精惟一,允执厥中」前三句实际上抄自《荀子》,閰氏著《尚书古文疏证》时沿用这个说法,但未引出处,实有抄袭之嫌。

《尚书考异》在明代只有传抄本,并未刻印。国立故宫博物院藏有《尚书考异》旧抄本两册,书后附一册明韩邦奇《洪范图解》。

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[Versions of this work (1)]
URN: ctp:wb801264

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