《帝紀第九 太宗簡文帝 孝武帝 Volume 9: Great Ancestor Emperor Jianwen, Filial Devotion and Martial Emperor Wu》[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]

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《簡文帝 Jianwen Di》
1	簡文皇帝諱昱，字道萬，元帝之少子也。幼而岐嶷，為元帝所愛。郭璞見而謂人曰：「興晉祚者，必此人也。」及長，清虛寡欲，尤善玄言。永昌元年，元帝詔曰：「先公武王、先考恭王君臨瑯邪。繼世相承，國嗣未立，蒸嘗靡主，朕常悼心。子昱仁明有智度，可以虔奉宗廟，以慰罔極之恩。其封昱為瑯邪王，食會稽、宣城如舊。」咸和元年，所生鄭夫人薨。帝時年七歲，號慕泣血，固請服重。成帝哀而許之，故徙封會稽王，拜散騎常侍。九年，遷右將軍，加侍中。咸康六年，進撫軍將軍，領秘書監。建元元年夏五月癸丑，康帝詔曰：「太常職奉天地，兼掌宗廟，其為任也，可謂重矣。是以古今選建，未嘗不妙簡時望，兼之儒雅。會稽王叔履尚清虛，志道無倦，優游上列，諷議朝肆。其領太常本官如故。」永和元年，崇德太后臨朝，進位撫軍大將軍、錄尚書六條事。二年，驃騎何充卒，崇德太后詔帝專總萬機。八年，進位司徒，固讓不拜。穆帝始冠，帝稽首歸政，不許。廢帝即位，以瑯邪王絕嗣，復徙封瑯邪，而封王子昌明為會稽王。帝固讓，故雖封瑯邪而不去會稽之號。太和元年，進位丞相、錄尚書事，入朝不趨，贊拜不名，劍履上殿，給羽葆鼓吹班劍六十人，又固讓。及廢帝廢，皇太后詔曰：「丞相、錄尚書、會稽王體自中宗，明德劭令，英秀玄虛，神棲事外。以具瞻允塞，故阿衡三世。道化宣流，人望攸歸，為日已久。宜從天人之心，以統皇極。主者明依舊典，以時施行。」於是大司馬桓溫率百官進太極前殿，具乘輿法駕，奉迎帝於會稽邸，於朝堂變服，著平巾幘單衣，東向拜受璽綬。 Emperor Jianwen, whose given name was Yu and courtesy name Daowan, was the youngest son of Emperor Yuan. He showed exceptional talent from an early age and was beloved by Emperor Yuan. Guo Pu, upon seeing him, told others, "The one who will revive the Jin dynasty's fortune must be this man." When he grew up, he was clear-minded and had few desires; he was especially skilled in metaphysical discourse. In the first year of Yongchang, Emperor Yuan issued an edict stating, "My late grandfather King Wu and my late father King Gong ruled Langya. The succession has continued through generations, yet no heir to the state has been established; there is no one to preside over ancestral sacrifices, and this has always caused me deep sorrow. Your son Yu is kind, wise, and measured; he can devoutly serve the ancestral temples and thus comfort the boundless grace. Therefore, grant Yu the title of King of Langya, with his fiefdom in Kuaiji and Xuancheng as before." In the first year of Xianhe, his birth mother Lady Zheng passed away. The emperor was seven years old at the time and wept bitterly, shedding blood tears; he firmly requested to wear mourning clothes for a major loss. Emperor Cheng felt sorrowful and granted his request, so he was transferred to the title of King of Kuaiji and appointed as a Sanchi Changshi. In the ninth year, he was transferred to become Right General and concurrently appointed as Shizhong. In the sixth year of Xiankang, he was promoted to General of Civil Pacification and concurrently served as Director of the Secretariat. On the Gouchou day of the fifth month in summer, the first year of Jianyuan, Emperor Kang issued an edict stating: "The Office of Taichang is responsible for offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth, as well as overseeing ancestral temples. The duties it bears can truly be considered weighty. Therefore, throughout ancient and modern times, when selecting someone for this position, they have never failed to choose a person of great reputation at the time who is also learned and refined. The King of Kuaiji, who is your uncle, reveres purity and detachment, and diligently pursues the Dao without tiring. He holds an esteemed rank and offers advice to the court with measured speech. Therefore, let him continue in his current post as Taichang as before." In the first year of Yonghe, Empress Dowager Chongde, who was regent, promoted him to Grand General of Civil Pacification and appointed him as Director-in-Chief of the Six Ministries. In the second year, General-in-Chief He Chong died, and Empress Dowager Chongde issued an edict ordering the emperor to personally oversee all state affairs. In the eighth year, he was promoted to Siku, but firmly declined and did not accept the position. When Emperor Mu reached adulthood and was given his cap in a coming-of-age ceremony, the emperor kowtowed and returned power to him, but he refused. After Emperor Fei ascended the throne, since the line of King Langya had no heir, he was again transferred to be granted the title of King of Langye. His son Changming was then made King of Kuaiji. The emperor repeatedly declined, so although he was granted the title of Langya, he did not relinquish the designation of Kuaiji. In the first year of Taihe, he was promoted to Chancellor and Director-in-Chief of the Secretariat, granted the privilege of entering court without hurrying, being praised by title rather than name, carrying a sword and wearing shoes in the palace, and given an honor guard of sixty men with feathered umbrellas, drums, and bugles. He once again firmly declined these honors. When Emperor Fei was deposed, the empress dowager issued an edict stating: "The Chancellor, Director-in-Chief of the Shangshu, and King of Kuaiji is a descendant of the Son of Heaven. He possesses clear virtue and noble conduct; he is outstanding in talent and detachment from worldly affairs, with his spirit dwelling beyond mundane matters. Because he has fulfilled the expectations of all who look up to him, he has served as the guiding force for three generations. His moral influence has spread widely, and people's respect naturally converges upon him; this has been true for a long time. He should follow the will of Heaven and humanity to assume the supreme authority of the Son of Heaven. The responsible officials must clearly follow established precedents and implement them at the appropriate time." Thus, Grand Marshal Huan Wen led the officials to the Taiji Front Hall, prepared the imperial procession with full ceremonial regalia, and escorted the emperor from his residence in Kuaiji. At the court hall, he changed attire, wearing a plain cap and simple robe, faced eastward, and knelt to receive the jade seal and sash of authority.
2	咸安元年冬十一月己酉，即皇帝位。桓溫出次中堂，令兵屯衛。乙卯，溫奏廢太宰、武陵王晞及子總。詔魏郡太守毛安之帥所領宿衛殿內，改元為咸安。庚戌，使兼太尉周頤告于太廟。辛亥，桓溫遣弟秘逼新蔡王晃詣西堂，自列與太宰、武陵王晞等謀反。帝對之流涕，溫皆收付廷尉。癸丑，殺東海二子及其母。初，帝以沖虛簡貴，歷宰三世，溫素所敬憚。及初即位，溫乃撰辭欲自陳述，帝引見，對之悲泣，溫懼不能言。至是，有司承其旨，奏誅武陵王晞，帝不許。溫固執至于再三，帝手詔報曰：「若晉祚靈長，公便宜奉行前詔。如其大運去矣，請避賢路。」溫覽之，流汗變色，不復敢言。乙卯，廢晞及其三子，徙于新安。丙辰，放新葵王晁于衡陽。戊午，詔曰：「王室多故，穆哀早世，皇胤夙遷，神器無主。東海王以母弟近屬，入纂大統，嗣位經年，昏闇亂常，人倫虧喪，大禍將及，則我祖宗之靈靡知所託。皇太后深懼皇基，時定大計。大司馬因順天人，協同神略，親帥群后，恭承明命。雲霧既除，皇極載清，乃顧朕躬，仰承弘緒。雖伊尹之寧殷朝，博陸之安漢室，無以尚也。朕以寡德，猥居元首，實懼眇然，不克負荷，戰戰兢兢，罔知攸濟。思與兆庶更始，其大赦天下，大酺五日，增文武位二等，孝順忠貞鰥寡孤獨米人五斛。」己未，賜溫軍三萬人，人布一匹，米一斛。庚申，加大司馬桓溫為丞相，不受。辛酉，溫旋自白石，因鎮姑孰。以冠軍將軍毛武生都督荊州之沔中、揚州之義城諸軍事。十二月戊子，詔以京都有經年之儲，權停一年之運。庚寅，廢東海王奕為海西公，食邑四千戶。辛卯，初薦酃淥酒於太廟。 On the Jiyou day of the eleventh month in winter, the first year of Xianan, he ascended the imperial throne. Huan Wen went out to the Zhongtang Hall and ordered troops to be stationed for protection. On the Yimao day, Huan Wen submitted a memorial requesting the removal of Tai'ai (Grand Chancellor), King Wuling Xi and his son Zong. An edict was issued appointing Mao Anzhi, governor of Wei Jun, to lead the troops under his command in guarding the palace. The era name was changed to Xianan. On the Gengxu day, he dispatched Zhou Yi, concurrently serving as Taifei (Grand Commandant), to announce the news at the Grand Ancestral Temple. On the Xinhai day, Huan Wen sent his brother Mi to pressure King Xincuai Huang at the Xitang Hall, accusing him of conspiring with Tai'ai and King Wuling Xi in a plot against the throne. The emperor wept as he responded to this accusation, and Huan Wen had them all arrested and handed over to the Tingwei (Ministry of Justice). On the Guichou day, two sons of the Duke of Donghai and their mother were executed. Initially, the emperor was known for his quiet simplicity and noble restraint, having served as chief minister under three successive emperors. Huan Wen had always held him in deep respect and fear. When the emperor first ascended the throne, Huan Wen prepared a statement to explain himself. When he was summoned for an audience, the emperor received him and wept bitterly; overwhelmed with fear, Huan Wen could not speak. At this time, officials following his intent submitted a memorial requesting the execution of King Wuling Xi, but the emperor refused to approve it. Huan Wen persisted repeatedly with his demand, and the emperor personally issued an edict in response: "If the Jin dynasty's mandate is to endure, you should proceed accordingly as per my previous decree. But if its great destiny has passed, I request that you step aside for a worthy successor." Huan Wen read the edict, broke out in sweat, turned pale, and dared not speak further. On the Yimao day (date unspecified), Xi and his three sons were deposed and exiled to Xin'an. On the Bingchen day, King Chao of Xikui was banished to Hengyang. On the Wuwu day, an edict was issued stating: "The royal house has suffered many misfortunes; Emperors Mu and Ai died young. The imperial descendants passed away at an early age, leaving no one to inherit the mandate of Heaven. Duke Donghai, as the maternal uncle and a close relative, entered to assume the great succession. Yet after ascending the throne for many years, he has been dim-witted and disorderly, violating established norms; human relationships have deteriorated, and great calamity is about to befall us. In this situation, we do not know where to entrust the spirits of our ancestors. The empress dowager deeply feared for the imperial foundation and at that time decided on a major plan. Grand Marshal Huan Wen, in accordance with Heaven's will and the people's desire, coordinated divine strategy, personally led the ministers, and respectfully accepted the clear mandate. With clouds and mists dispelled, the supreme authority is once again pure; thus he turned to me personally, elevating me to continue this great legacy. Even Yi Yin who stabilized the Yin dynasty or Bolu who secured peace for the Han dynasty could not surpass his achievements. I, of humble virtue, now occupy the position of Son of Heaven; I truly fear my insignificance and inability to shoulder this great responsibility. I tremble with anxiety and do not know how to proceed successfully. I wish to begin anew with the people. Therefore, issue a general pardon throughout the realm; hold a grand feast for five days; raise the ranks of civil and military officials by two grades each; and provide five hu of rice per person to those who are filial, loyal, widowed, orphaned, or elderly and childless." On the Jinwei day, three ten thousand men in Huan Wen's army were each granted one bolt of cloth and one hu of rice. On the Gengshen day, Grand Marshal Huan Wen was further promoted to Chancellor, but he declined the position. On the Xinyou day, Huan Wen returned from Baishi and thus stationed at Gushu for defense. The Crown General Mao Wusheng was appointed as the military governor overseeing all military affairs in Mianzhong of Jingzhou and Yicheng of Yangzhou. On the Wuzi day of the twelfth month, an edict was issued: since there were years' worth of reserves in the capital, grain transport would be temporarily suspended for one year. On the Gengyin day, Duke Donghai Yi was deposed and demoted to the title of Gong of Haixi, with a fief of four thousand households. On the Xinmao day, Linglu wine was first offered at the Grand Ancestral Temple for sacrifices.
3	二年春正月辛丑，百濟、林邑王各遣使貢方物。二月，苻堅伐慕容桓於遼東，滅之。三月丁酉，詔曰：「朕居阿衡三世，不能濟彼時雍，乃至海西失德，殆傾皇祚。賴祖宗靈祗之德，皇太后淑體應期，籓輔忠賢，百官戮力，用能蕩氣務於昊蒼，耀晨輝於宇宙。遂以眇身，託于王公之上，思賴群賢，以弼其闕。夫敦本息末，抑絕華競，使清濁異流，能否殊貫，官無秕政，士無謗讟，不有懲勸，則德禮焉施？且彊寇未殄，勞役未息，自非軍國戎祀之耍，其華飾煩費之用皆省之。夫肥遁窮谷之賢，滑泥揚波之士，雖抗志玄霄，潛默幽岫，貪屈高尚之道，以隆協贊之美，孰與自足山水，棲遲丘壑，徇匹夫之潔，而忘兼濟之大邪？古人不借賢於曩代，朕所以虛想於今日。內外百官，各勤所司，使善無不達，惡無不聞，令詩人元素餐之刺，而吾獲虛心之求焉。」癸丑，詔曰：「吾承祖宗洪基，而昧于政道，懼不能允釐天工，克隆先業，夕惕惟憂，若涉泉冰。賴宰輔忠德，道濟伊望，群后竭誠，協契斷金，內外盡匡翼之規，文武致匪躬之節，冀因斯道，終克弘濟。每念干戈未戢，公私疲悴，籓鎮有疆理之務，征戍懷東山之勤，或白首戎陣，忠勞未敘，或行役彌久，擔石靡儲，何嘗不昧旦晨興，夜分忘寢。雖未能撫而巡之，且欲達其此心。可遣大使詣大司馬，并問方伯，逮于邊戍，宣詔大饗，求其所安。又籌量賜給，悉令周普。」乙卯，詔曰：「往事故之後，百度未充，群僚常俸，並皆寡約，蓋隨時之義也。然退食在朝，而祿不代耕，非經通之制。今資儲漸豐，可籌量增俸。」騶虞見豫章。夏四月，徙海西公於吳縣西柴里。追貶庾后曰夫人。六月，遣使拜百濟王餘句為鎮東將軍，領樂浪太守。戊子，前護軍將軍庚希舉兵反，自海陵入京口，晉陵太守卞眈奔于曲阿。秋七月壬辰，桓溫遣東海內史周少孫討希，擒之，斬于建康市。己未，立會稽王昌明為皇太子，皇子道子為瑯邪王，領會稽內史。是日，帝崩于東堂，時年五十三。葬高平陵，廟號太宗。遺詔以桓溫輔政，依諸葛亮、王導故事。 In the first month of spring in the second year, Baekje and Linyi each sent envoys to present tribute. In February, Fu Jian launched a campaign against Murong Huan in Liaodong and annihilated him. On the Dingyou day of March, an edict was issued: "I have served as regent for three generations and failed to bring about peace in my time. As a result, Haixi lost virtue and nearly overturned the imperial mandate. It is only by the virtue of our ancestors' divine protection, the empress dowager's noble character and timely response to destiny, the loyal and virtuous support from the vassals, and the combined efforts of all officials that we have been able to cleanse the atmosphere under Heaven and radiate morning brilliance throughout the universe. Thus, with my humble self, I now rest above the dukes and marquises; I earnestly rely on all virtuous men to assist in correcting my shortcomings. Strengthening the root and curbing superficial pursuits, suppressing extravagant competition, ensuring that the pure and impure flow separately, and distinguishing between capable and incapable individuals so that officials do not enact corrupt policies and scholars do not spread slander—without proper rewards and punishments, how can virtue and propriety be effectively implemented? Moreover, since powerful enemies have not yet been eliminated and laborious duties remain ongoing, all expenditures on luxurious decorations or unnecessary expenses should be reduced unless they are essential for military affairs, state governance, or sacrificial rites. Those virtuous men who retreat into remote valleys and scholars who stir the muddied waters with their waves, though they may hold lofty aspirations in seclusion or remain silent in secluded mountains—should we not rather encourage them to abandon self-satisfaction in nature's beauty, leave behind idle leisure among hills and gorges, and forsake petty personal integrity for the greater good of benefiting all? Ancients did not seek virtue from past generations; this is why I yearn so deeply for virtuous men in our time. All officials, both inside and outside the court, must diligently perform their duties so that no good deed goes unnoticed and no evil act remains hidden. In this way, I shall avoid the censure of poets who lament idleness, and instead fulfill my sincere desire for virtue." On the Guichou day (date unspecified), an edict was issued: "I have inherited the great foundation of our ancestors, yet I am ignorant of governance. I fear that I may not properly manage Heaven's work or successfully continue their legacy. Each evening I feel deep anxiety, as if treading on ice over a spring. I rely on the loyal virtue of my chief ministers, whose wisdom and vision have guided me; I depend on all officials who devote themselves wholeheartedly to their duties. With both internal and external advisors offering guidance, and civil and military officers displaying selfless integrity, I hope that through this path, we may ultimately achieve great success. Whenever I think of the ongoing wars and unrest, both public and private sectors exhausted by hardship; frontier commanders burdened with border duties, soldiers on campaign longing for peace in their homeland—some have spent their lives in battle without recognition for their loyalty and toil, while others have been away from home for so long that they lack even basic provisions. How often have I risen before dawn and remained awake until the night hours, unable to sleep? Although I am not yet able to personally visit and comfort them, I at least wish for them to know my heartfelt concern. Therefore, send a high-ranking envoy to Grand Marshal Huan Wen and inquire of the regional governors down to those stationed at the frontiers. Announce an imperial decree for a grand banquet and seek what will bring them comfort and relief. Also, carefully plan and distribute gifts to ensure that all are fully provided for." On the Yimao day, an edict was issued: "Since the aftermath of past events, many systems remain incomplete. The regular salaries of officials have been meager and insufficient; this is in line with the principle of adapting to circumstances. Yet, even those who serve at court but do not till the land should still receive proper stipends; this is not in accordance with established principles. Now that reserves are gradually increasing, it is appropriate to plan for increased salaries." A zhouyu was sighted in Yuzhang. In the fourth month of summer, Gong Haixi was relocated to Xichai Li west of Wuxian County. Yuhou was posthumously demoted and referred to as "furen." In June, envoys were sent to bestow the title of Zhendong Jiangjun (General of Eastern Pacification) and concurrently appoint Yugu as Taishou of Lelang on behalf of Baekje's king. On the Wuzi day, former Hujun Jiangjun Geng Xi raised an army in rebellion. He marched from Haiting into Jingkou, and Taishou of Jinling Bian Dan fled to Qu'a. In the seventh month of autumn, on the Renchen day, Huan Wen dispatched Zhou Shaosun, Neishi of Donghai, to suppress Geng Xi. He captured and executed him in Jiankang's marketplace. On the Jiuwei day, King Kuaiji Changming was established as Crown Prince. The emperor's son Daozi was made King of Langya and concurrently appointed Neishi of Kuaiji. On this day, the emperor passed away in the Dongtang Hall at the age of fifty-three. He was buried in Gaoping Ling and honored with the temple name Taizong. The emperor's last edict appointed Huan Wen as regent, following the precedents of Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao.
4	帝少有風儀，善容止，留心典籍，不以居處為意，凝塵滿席，湛如也。嘗與桓溫及武陵王晞同載遊版橋，溫遽令鳴鼓吹角，車馳卒奔，欲觀其所為。晞大恐，求下車，而帝安然無懼色，溫由此憚服。溫既仗文武之任，屢建大功，加以廢立，威振內外。帝雖處尊位，拱默守道而已，常懼廢黜。先是，熒惑入太微，尋而海西廢。及帝登阼，熒惑又入太微，帝甚惡焉。時中書郎郗超在直，帝乃引入，謂曰：「命之修短，本所不計，故當無復近日事邪！」超曰：「大司馬臣溫方內固社稷，外恢經略，非常之事，臣以百口保之。」及超請急省其父，帝謂之曰：「致意尊公，家國之事，遂至於此！由吾不能以道匡衛，愧歎之深，言何能喻。」因詠庾闡詩云「志士痛朝危，忠臣哀主辱」，遂泣下霑襟。帝雖神識恬暢，而無濟世大略，故謝安稱為惠帝之流，清談差勝耳。沙門支道林嘗言「會嶴有遠體而無遠神」。謝靈運迹其行事，亦以為赧獻之輩云。 The emperor, from a young age, possessed graceful bearing and composure; he paid close attention to classical texts and did not concern himself with his surroundings. Even when dust gathered on the mats, he remained calm and undisturbed. Once, while traveling together with Huan Wen and King Wuling Xi on a carriage ride at Banqiao, Huan Wen suddenly ordered the beating of drums and blowing of horns. The carriage sped forward in haste as he wished to observe how they would react. Xi was greatly frightened and asked to get off the carriage, but the emperor remained calm without any sign of fear; from this, Huan Wen came to respect and admire him. Huan Wen, having held the responsibilities of both civil and military authority, had repeatedly achieved great feats; with his power to depose and appoint emperors, he wielded influence that extended throughout the court and beyond. Although the emperor occupied a position of great honor, he merely maintained silence and adhered to the Way; he often feared being deposed. Previously, Mars had entered Taiwei (the imperial constellation), and soon after, Haixi was deposed. When the emperor ascended the throne, Mars once again entered Taiwei; this greatly alarmed him. At that time, Zhongshu Lang Xi Chao was on duty. The emperor summoned him in and said, "Whether my life is long or short is beyond my control; but surely I will not suffer the same fate as recently happened!" Xu Chao replied, "Grand Marshal Minister Wen is now consolidating the state internally and expanding strategic plans externally. Regarding any extraordinary matters, I guarantee with my entire family's lives that nothing will go wrong." When Xi Chao requested leave to visit his father, the emperor said to him, "Convey my regards to your esteemed father: family and state affairs have now reached this point!" "It is due to my failure in upholding the Way and protecting the realm. My deep sense of shame and regret cannot be adequately expressed through words." He then recited a verse from Yu Chan's poetry: "A man of ambition grieves for the perilous court; a loyal minister mourns the disgrace of his sovereign," and wept so much that tears soaked his robe. Although the emperor possessed a calm and composed mind, he lacked grand strategies to save the world; thus Xie An referred to him as belonging to the same category as Emperor Hui, merely slightly superior in his preference for refined discussions. The monk Zhidoulin once remarked, "Emperor Jianwen has the outward form of a great ruler but lacks the inner spirit." Xie Lingyun, examining his actions and deeds, also regarded him as belonging to the class of King Dan Xian.
《孝武帝 Emperor Xiaowu》
1	孝武皇帝諱曜，字昌明，簡文帝第三子也。興寧三年七月甲申，初封會稽王。咸安二年秋七月己未，立為皇太子。是日，簡文帝崩，太子即皇帝位。詔曰：「朕以不造，奄丁閔凶，號天扣地。靡知所訴。藐然幼沖，眇若綴旒，深惟社稷之重，大懼不克負荷。仰憑祖宗之靈，積德之祀。先帝淳風玄化，遺詠在民。宰輔英賢，勛隆德盛。顧命之託，實賴匡訓。群后率職，百僚勤政。冀孤弱之躬有寄，皇極之基不墜。先恩遺惠，播于四海，思弘餘潤，以康黎庶。其大赦天下，與民更始。」九月甲寅，追尊皇妣會稽王妃曰順皇后。冬十月丁卯，葬簡文皇帝于高平陵。十一月甲午，妖賊盧悚晨人殿庭，游擊將軍毛安之等討擒之。是歲，三吳大旱，人多餓死，詔所在振給。苻堅陷仇池，執秦州刺史楊世。 Emperor Xiaowu, whose personal name was Yao and courtesy name Changming, was the third son of Emperor Jianwen. In the first day of the seventh month of Xingning San Nian, he was initially granted the title of Duke of Kuaiji. In the sixth day of the seventh month in autumn of Xian'an Er Nian, he was established as crown prince. On that day, Emperor Jianwen passed away, and the crown prince ascended to the imperial throne. The edict stated: "Due to my misfortune, I have suddenly encountered this great calamity and mourning; I weep toward the heavens and beat upon the earth in grief." I know not where to turn for solace. Being young and inexperienced, I feel as fragile as a pendant on a thread; deeply aware of the weight of the state's affairs, I greatly fear that I may be unable to shoulder this responsibility. I rely upon the spirits and blessings of our ancestors, whose accumulated virtue supports me. The late emperor's pure conduct and profound moral influence left a legacy cherished by the people. The chancellors and noble talents, with their great achievements and lofty virtue, have rendered distinguished service to the state. Their guidance and instruction in fulfilling my imperial duties are truly relied upon for support and correction. The noble ministers diligently perform their roles, while the officials work tirelessly to administer governance. I hope that my weak and solitary self may find support, and that the foundation of imperial authority will not crumble. The late emperor's grace and benevolence have spread across the four seas; I wish to continue his legacy, bringing peace and prosperity to the common people. Therefore, a general amnesty shall be proclaimed throughout the realm, allowing all people to begin anew." On the jia yin day of the ninth month, he posthumously honored his late mother, the consort of Duke Kuaiji, as Empress Shun. In the fourth day of the tenth month in winter, Emperor Jianwen was buried at Gaoping Mausoleum. On the jia wu day of the eleventh month, a bandit named Lu Song entered the imperial court in the morning; Guojian General Mao Anzhi and others captured him after pursuing and defeating his forces. In this year, a severe drought struck the Three Wu regions, causing many people to starve; an imperial decree was issued ordering local authorities to provide relief and assistance. Fu Jian captured Qiuchi and arrested Yang Shi, the governor of Qinzhou.
2	寧康元年春正月己丑朔，改元。二月，大司馬桓溫來朝。三月癸丑，詔除丹陽竹格等四桁稅。夏五月，旱。秋七月己亥，使持節、侍中、都督中外諸軍事、丞相、錄尚書、大司馬、揚州牧、平北將軍、徐兗二州刺史、南郡公桓溫薨。庚戌，進右將軍桓豁為征西將軍。以江州刺史桓沖為中軍將軍、都督揚豫江三州諸軍事、揚州刺史，鎮姑孰。八月壬子，崇德太后臨朝攝政。九月，苻堅將楊安寇成都。丙申，以尚書僕射王彪之為尚書令，吏部尚書謝安為尚書僕射，吳國內史刁彞為北中郎將、徐兗二州刺史，鎮廣陵。復置光祿勛、大司農、少府官。冬十月，西平公張天錫貢方物。十一月，苻堅將楊安陷梓潼及梁、益二州，刺史周仲孫帥騎五千南遁。 On the first day (jia chou) of the first month in spring of Ningkang Yuan Nian, the era name was changed. In February, Grand Marshal Huan Wen came to court. On the geng chou day of the third month, an imperial decree abolished the taxes on four bamboo sluices in Danyang. In May summer, a drought occurred. On the ji hai day of the seventh month in autumn, Shi Chi Jie, Shizhong, Dudu Zhongwai Zhujunshi, Chengxiang, Lu Shangshu, Dashi Ma, Yangzhou Mu, Pingbei Jiangjun, and Junzhi of Xu and Yan states, Nanqu Gong Huan Wen passed away. On the geng xu day, Youjiangjun Huan Huo was promoted to Zhengxi Jiangjun (General Who Pacifies the West). Jiangzhou Zhushi Huan Chong was appointed Zhongjun Jiangjun (Central Army General), Dudu Yang, Yu, and Jiang states Zhujunshi (commander of military affairs for the three states), and Yangzhou Zhushi, to garrison at Gushu. On the ren zi day of August, Empress Dowager Chongde assumed regency and took charge of court affairs. In September, Fu Jian's general Yang An attacked Chengdu. On the bing shen day, Shangshu Puye Wang Biao zhi was appointed as Shangshu Ling (Minister of the Secretariat), Lishi Shangshu Xie An became Shangshu Puyue, and Wu Guo Neishi Diao Yi was named Beizhonglangjiang (Northern Attendant General) and Junzhi for Xu and Yan states to garrison Guangling. The posts of Guanglu Xun, Dasi Nong, and Shaofu were reestablished. In the tenth month of winter, Duke Xiping Zhang Tianxi presented tribute of local products. In the eleventh month, Fu Jian's general Yang An captured Zitong and the two states of Liang and Yi; Zhushi Zhou Zhongsun led 5,000 cavalry to flee southward.
3	二年春正月癸未朔，大赦。追封謚故會稽世子郁為臨川獻王。己酉，北中郎將、徐兗二州刺史刁彞卒。二月癸丑，以丹陽尹王坦之為北中郎將、徐兗二州刺史。丁巳，有星孛于女虛。三月丙戌，彗星見于氐。夏四月壬戌，皇太后詔曰：「頃玄象忒愆，上天表異，仰觀斯變，震懼于懷。夫因變致休，自古之道，朕敢不剋意復心，以思厥中？又三吳奧壤，股肱望郡，而水旱併臻，百姓失業，夙夜惟憂，不能忘懷，宜時拯恤，救其彫困。三吳義興、晉陵及會稽遭水之縣尤甚者，全除一年租布，其次聽除半年，受振貸者即以賜之。」五月，蜀人張育自號蜀王，帥眾圍成都，遣使稱籓。秋七月，涼州地震，山崩。苻堅將鄧羌攻張育，滅之。八月，以長秋將建，權停婚姻。九月丁丑，有星孛于天市。冬十一月己酉，天門蜑賊攻郡，太守王匪死之，征西將軍桓豁遣師討平之。長城人錢步射、錢弘等作亂，吳興太守朱序討平之。癸酉，鎮遠將軍桓石虔破苻堅將姚萇於墊江。 On the first day (ji wu) of spring's first month in the second year, a general amnesty was proclaimed. The late Kuaiji Shizi Yu was posthumously granted the title and honorific of Linchuan Xianwang (Prince Xian of Linchuan). On the ji you day, Beizhonglangjiang and Junzhi for Xu Yan states Diao Yi passed away. On the geng chou day in February, Danyang Yin Wang Tanzhi was appointed Beizhonglangjiang, and Junzhi for Xu Yen states. On the ding si day, a comet appeared in the constellation of Nv Xu. On the bing xu day of March, a comet was observed in the constellation Di. In the fourth month of summer, on the ren xu day, an edict from the empress dowager stated: "Recently, celestial phenomena have been abnormal; Heaven has shown signs of change. Upon observing these omens, I am deeply shaken and fearful." "Indeed, responding to changes with self-reform has been the way of ancient times. How could I dare not reflect deeply and renew my intentions in order to understand their meaning?" "Moreover, the Three Wu region is a vital and fertile land, an important district to the empire. Yet floods and droughts have come together, causing the people to lose their livelihoods. I am deeply concerned day and night and cannot forget this; it is appropriate at this time to provide relief and rescue those in distress." "For the counties in the Three Wu region—Yixing, Jinling, and Kuaiji—that suffered most severely from flooding, all taxes and cloth levies for this year shall be completely waived. For those less affected, half of their obligations may be forgiven; as for those who have received relief loans, these should now be granted to them as gifts." In May, Zhang Yu of Shu declared himself King of Shu and led his forces in a siege on Chengdu. He sent envoys to submit as a vassal state. In the seventh month of autumn, an earthquake struck Liangzhou and caused mountains to collapse. Fu Jian's general Deng Qiang attacked Zhang Yu and annihilated his forces. In August, due to the impending construction of Changqiu Palace, marriages were temporarily suspended. On the ding chou day in September, a comet appeared near Tian Shi (the celestial market). In the eleventh month of winter on the ji you day, Tiantan bandits attacked the commandery; Taihou Wang Fei died in the attack. General Zhengxi Jiangjun Huan Huo dispatched troops to suppress and pacify them. Changcheng native Qian Busha, Qian Hong, and others rebelled; Wu Xing Taihou Zhu Xu suppressed and pacified them. On the geng you day, Zhenyuan Jiangjun Huan Shiqian defeated Fu Jian's general Yao Chang at Dianjiang.
4	三年春正月辛亥，大赦。夏五月丙午，北中郎將、徐兗二州刺史、藍田侯王坦之卒。甲寅，以中軍將軍、揚州刺史桓沖為鎮北將軍、徐州刺史，鎮丹徒，尚書僕射謝安領揚州刺史。秋八月癸巳，立皇后王氏，大赦，加文武位一等。九月，帝講《孝經》。冬十月癸酉朔，日有蝕之。十二月癸未，神獸門災。甲申，皇太后詔曰：「頃日蝕告變，水旱不適，雖克己思救，未盡其方。其賜百姓窮者米，人五斛。」癸巳，帝釋奠于中堂，祠孔子，以顏回配。 In the first month of spring on the xin hai day, a general amnesty was declared. In May of summer on the bing wu day, Beizhong Langjiang and Junzhi for Xuyan states, Lantian Hou Wang Tanzhi passed away. On the ji yin day, Zhongjun Jiangjun and Yangzhou Zhushi Huan Chong became Zhenbei Jiangjun (General Who Stabilizes the North) and Xu Zhou Zhushi to garrison Dantu; Shangshu Puye Xie An concurrently held the position of Yangzhou Zhushi. In August on the geng si day, Empress Wang was installed; a general amnesty was issued and all civil and military officials received a one-rank promotion. In September, the emperor lectured on The Classic of Filial Piety. On the first day (geng you) of October in winter, a solar eclipse occurred. On the geng wei day of December, a fire broke out at Shen Shou Men (Divine Beast Gate). On the ji shen day, an edict was issued by the empress dowager: "Recently, a solar eclipse has signaled change; floods and droughts have occurred at inopportune times. Although I have strived to reform myself and seek relief, my efforts remain insufficient." "Therefore, grain shall be granted to the impoverished people; five hu per person." On the geng si day, the emperor performed a sacrificial ceremony in Zhongtang Hall to honor Confucius, with Yan Hui as his accompanying offering.
5	太元元年春正月壬寅朔，帝加元服，見于太廟。皇太后歸政。甲辰，大赦，改元。丙午，帝始臨朝。以征西將軍桓豁為征西大將軍，領軍將軍郗愔為鎮軍大將軍，中軍將軍桓沖為車騎將軍，加尚書僕射謝安中書監、錄尚書事。甲子，謁建平等四陵。夏五月癸丑，地震。甲寅，詔曰：「頃者上天垂監，譴告屢彰，朕有懼焉，震惕于心。思所以議獄緩死，赦過宥罪，庶因大變，與之更始。」於是大赦，增文武位各一等。六月，封河間王欽子範之為章武王。秋七月，苻堅將茍萇陷涼州，虜刺史張天錫，盡有其地。乙巳，除度田收租之制，公王以下口稅米三斛，蠲在役之身。冬十月，移準北流人於淮南。十一月己巳朔，日有蝕之。詔太官撤膳。十二月，苻堅使其將苻洛攻代，執代王涉翼犍。 On the first day (ren yin) of spring's first month, the emperor underwent the capping ceremony and paid homage at the Taitemple. The empress dowager returned power to the throne. On the ji chen day, a general amnesty was declared and the era name changed. On the bing wu day, the emperor first presided over court affairs in person. Zhengxi Jiangjun Huan Huo became Zhengxi Dajiangjun (Grand General Who Pacifies the West), Lingjun Jiangjun Xi Yin was appointed Zhenjun Dajiangjun, Zhongjun Jiangjun Huan Chong as Cheqi Jiangjun (General of the Chariot and Horse), and Shangshu Puye Xue An received the additional title of Zhongshu Jian and Lu Shangshushi. On the geng zi day, he paid homage to Jianshi Mausoleum and three other tombs. In May of summer on the jia chou day, an earthquake occurred. On the ji yin day, an imperial edict stated: "Recently, Heaven has displayed its judgment and frequent warnings; I am deeply fearful and troubled in my heart." "I contemplate how to deliberate on cases, delay executions, pardon past offenses, and forgive crimes; perhaps through this great change, I may allow all people a fresh start." As a result, a general amnesty was issued, and the ranks of civil and military officials were each elevated by one grade. In June, Hejian Wang Qin's son Fan zhi was granted the title of Zhangwu Wang (Prince of Zhangwu). In July of autumn, Fu Jian's general Gou Chang captured Liangzhou, took prisoner its Zhushi Zhang Tianxi, and occupied all the territory. On the yi si day, the system of levying taxes on measured farmland was abolished; for commoners and princes down to the lowest ranks, a tax of three hu of rice per person was imposed, but those currently serving in military or labor duties were exempt. In October of winter, people displaced by the Yellow River's northward shift were relocated to Huainan. On the first day (yi si) of November in winter, a solar eclipse took place. An imperial decree ordered the imperial kitchen to reduce its food offerings. In December, Fu Jian sent his general Fu Luo to attack Dai; he captured Dai Wang She Yijian.
6	二年春正月，繼絕世，紹功臣。三月，以兗州刺史朱序為南中郎將、梁州刺史、監沔中諸軍，鎮襄陽。閏月壬午，地震。甲申，暴風，折木發屋。夏四月己酉，雨雹。五月丁丑，地震。六月己巳，暴風，揚沙石。林邑貢方物。秋七月乙卯，老人星見。八月壬辰，四騎將軍桓沖來朝。丁未，以尚書僕射謝安為司徒。丙辰，使持節、都督荊梁寧益交廣六州諸軍事、荊州刺史、征西大將軍桓豁卒。冬十月辛丑，以車騎將軍桓沖都督荊江梁益寧交廣七州諸軍事、領護南蠻校尉、荊州刺史，尚書王蘊為徐州刺史、督江南晉陵諸軍，征西司馬謝玄為兗州刺史、廣陵相、監江北諸軍。壬寅。散騎常侍、左光祿大夫、尚書令王彪之卒。十二月庚寅，以尚書王劭為尚書僕射。 In the first month of spring, descendants of extinct lineages were restored and meritorious ministers were honored. In March, Yan Zhou Zhushi Zhu Xu was appointed Nanzhonglangjiang (Southern Attendant General), Liang Zhou Zhushi, and Jianshian Zhong Zhujunshi to garrison Xiangyang. On the ren wu day of the intercalary month, an earthquake occurred. On the ji shen day, a violent wind blew up, breaking trees and tearing off roofs. In the fourth month of summer, on the ji you day, hail fell. On the ding chou day of May, an earthquake occurred. On the ji si day of June, a violent wind arose, raising sand and stones into the air. Linyi presented tribute of rare goods. lø In the seventh month of autumn, on the yi mao day, the old man star appeared. In August, on the ren chen day, Siji Jiangjun Huan Chong came to court. On the ding wei day, Shangshu Puye Xie An was appointed Sikou (Minister of Rites). On the bing chen day, Shizhi Jie, Dudu Jing Liang Ning Yi Jiao Guang Liu Zhou Zhujunshi, Jingzhou Zhushi, Zhengxi Dajiangjun Huan Huo died. In October of winter, on the xin chou day, Cheqi Jiangjun Huan Chong was appointed Dudu Jing Jiang Liang Yi Ning Jiao Guang Qi Zhou Zhujunshi and concurrently Linghu Nanman Xiao Wei, Jingzhou Zhushi; Shangshu Wang Yun became Muzhou Zhushi and Dujian Jiangnan Jinling Zhujun; Zhengxi Sima Xie Xuan was appointed Yan Zhou Zhushi, Guangling Xiang, and Jianjiangbei Zhujun. On the ren yin day. Sanqi Changshi, Zuoguanglu Dafu, Shangshuliu Wang Biao zhi died. In December, on the geng yin day, Shangshu Wang Shao was appointed Shangshu Puye.
7	三年春二月乙巳，作新宮，帝移居會稽王邸。三月乙丑，雷雨，暴風，發屋折木。夏五月庚午，陳留王曹恢薨。六月，大水。秋七月辛巳，帝入新宮。乙酉，老人星見南方。 In the second month of spring, a new palace was constructed; the emperor moved to reside in the residence of Prince Huiji. On the yi chou day of March, thunder and rain occurred along with a violent wind that tore off roofs and broke trees. In May of summer, on the geng wu day, Chenliu Wang Cao Hui died. In June, there was a great flood. In the seventh month of autumn on the xin si day, the emperor entered the new palace. On the yi you day, the old man star was seen in the southern sky.
8	四年春正月辛酉，大赦，郡縣遭水旱者減租稅。丙子，謁建平等七陵。二月戊午，苻堅使其子丕攻陷襄陽，執南中郎將朱序。又陷順陽。三月，大疫。壬戌，詔曰：「狡寇縱逸，籓守傾沒，疆埸之虞，事兼平日。其內外眾官，各悉心戮力，以康庶事。又年穀不登，百姓多匱。其詔御所供，事從儉約，九親供給，眾官廩俸，權可減半。凡諸役費，自非軍國事要，皆宜停省，以周時務。」癸未，使右將軍毛武生帥師伐蜀。夏四月，苻堅將韋鐘陷魏興，太守吉挹死之。五月，苻堅將句難、彭超陷盱眙、高密內史毛璪之為賊所執。六月，大旱。戊子，征虜將軍謝玄及超、難戰于君川，大破之。秋八月丁亥，以左將軍王蘊為尚書僕射。乙未，暴風，揚沙石。九月，盜殺建安太守傅湛。冬十二月己酉朔，日有蝕之。 In the first month of spring on the xin you day, a general pardon was issued; counties and districts affected by floods or droughts had their rents and taxes reduced. On the bing zi day, he paid homage to the seven mausoleums including Jianping. In February on the wu wu day, Fu Jian sent his son Pi to capture Xiangyang and seize Nanzhonglangjiang Zhu Xu. Shunyang was also captured. In March, a great epidemic occurred. On the ren xu day, an imperial decree stated: "The cunning bandits have run rampant; our frontier defenses have collapsed. The danger to our borders is now more pressing than ever." "All officials, both within and outside the court, must devote their utmost care and effort to ensure the well-being of all affairs." In addition, this year's harvest has failed, leaving many commoners in poverty. Therefore, the imperial decree ordered that all supplies provided by the palace be reduced to a more frugal standard; provisions for the nine relatives and salaries of officials may temporarily be halved. "All expenditures on labor services should, unless they pertain to essential military or state affairs, be suspended or reduced in order to address the pressing needs of the time." On the geng wei day, You Jiangjun Mao Wusheng was ordered to lead troops against Shu. In April of summer, Fu Jian's general Wei Zhong captured Weixing; its Taishou Ji Yi died in the defense. In May, Fu Jian's generals Gou Nan and Peng Chao captured Xuyi; Neishi of Gaomi Mao Zao zhi was captured by the rebels. In June, there was a severe drought. On the wu zi day, Zhenglu Jiangjun Xie Xuan fought against Peng Chao and Gou Nan at Junchuan and decisively defeated them. In August of autumn, on the ding hai day, Zuo Jiangjun Wang Yun was appointed Shangshu puye. On the yi wei day, a violent wind arose and raised sand and stones into the air. In September, bandits killed Jian'an Taishou Fu Zhan. On the first day of December in winter, a solar eclipse occurred.
9	五年春正月乙巳，謁崇平陵。夏四月，大旱。癸酉，大赦五歲刑以下。五月，大水。以司徒謝安為衛將軍、儀同三司。六月甲寅，震含章殿四柱，并殺內侍二人。甲子，以比歲荒儉，大赦，自太元三年以前逋租宿債皆蠲除之，其鰥寡窮獨孤老不能自存者，人賜米五斛。丁卯，以驃騎將軍、瑯邪王道子為司徒。秋九月癸未，皇后王氏崩。冬十月，九真太守李遜據交州反。十一月乙酉，葬定皇后于隆平陵。 In the first month of spring, on the yi si day, he paid homage at Chongping Ling. In April of summer, there was a severe drought. On the geng you day, those sentenced to punishments for crimes committed within five years were granted general amnesty. In May, there was a great flood. Shikou Xie An was appointed Wei Jiangjun and Yitong Sansi (with the same authority as the Three Dukes). On the jia yin day of June, lightning struck four pillars in Hanzhang Dian and killed two palace attendants. On the jia zi day, due to several years of famine and hardship, a general pardon was declared; all overdue rents and old debts prior to Taiyuan San Nian were forgiven. For those who were widowed, poor, orphaned, or elderly and unable to support themselves, five hu of rice was granted per person. On the ding mao day, Biaoqi Jiangjun and Langya Wang Daozi was appointed Sikou. In September of autumn, on the gui wei day, Empress Wang Shi passed away. In October of winter, Jizhen Taishou Li Xun occupied Jiaozhou and rebelled. In November on the yi you day, Empress Ding was buried in Longping Ling.
10	六年春正月，帝初奉佛法，立精舍於殿內，引諸沙門以居之。丁酉，以尚書謝石為尚書僕射。初置督運御史官。夏六月庚子朔，日有蝕之。揚、荊、江三州大水。己巳，改制度，減煩費，損吏士員七百人。秋七月丙子，赦五歲刑已下。甲午，交址太守杜瑗斬李遜，交州平。大饑。冬十一月己亥，以鎮軍大將軍郗愔為司空。會稽人檀元之反，自號安東將軍，鎮軍參軍謝藹之討平之。十二月甲辰，苻堅遣其襄陽太守閻震寇竟陵，襄陽太守桓石虔討擒之。 In the first month of spring in AD 381 (February 25), for the first time, the emperor embraced Buddhism and established a meditation hall within the palace to house various monks. On the ding you day, Shangshu Xie Shi was appointed as Shangshu Puye (Minister of the Secretariat). The office of Duyun Yushi was first established. On the first day (geng zi) of June in summer, a solar eclipse occurred. The three states of Yang, Jing, and Jiang experienced great floods. On the ji si day, regulations were revised to reduce unnecessary expenditures; 700 officials and soldiers were dismissed from their posts. In July of autumn on the bing zi day, those sentenced to crimes within five years were pardoned. On the jia wu day, Jiao Zhi Taishou Du Yuan beheaded Li Xun; peace was restored in Jiaozhou. There was a great famine. In November of winter on the ji hai day, Zhenjun Dajiangjun Xi Yin was appointed Sikong (Minister of Works). Tan Yuan zhi, a native of Kuaiji, rebelled and proclaimed himself Andong Jiangjun; Zhenjun Canjun Xie Ai zhi suppressed the rebellion. In December on the jia chen day, Fu Jian dispatched his Xiangyang Taishou Yan Zhen to raid Jingling; Xiangyang Taishou Huan Shiqian went out and captured him.
11	七年春三月，林邑范熊遣使獻方物。秋八月癸卯，大赦。九月，東夷五國遣使來貢方物。苻堅將都貴焚燒沔北田穀，略襄陽百姓而去。冬十月丙子，雷。 In March of spring in AD 382 (April 15), Fan Xiong of Linyi sent envoys to present rare goods as tribute. In August of autumn on the gui mao day, a general pardon was issued. In September, five states from the eastern barbarian regions sent envoys to offer tribute of rare goods. Fu Jian's general Du Gui burned the farmland and grain in the north of Mian River, looted the commoners of Xiangyang, and then withdrew. In October of winter on the bing zi day, thunder was heard.
12	八年春二月癸未，黃霧四塞。三月，始興、南康、廬陵大水，平地五丈。丁巳，大赦。夏五月，輔國將軍楊亮伐蜀，拔五城，擒苻堅將魏光。秋七月，鷹揚將軍郭洽及苻堅將張崇戰于武當，大敗之。八月，苻堅帥眾渡淮，遣征討都督謝石、冠軍將軍謝玄、輔國將軍謝琰、西中郎將桓伊等距之。九月，詔司徒、瑯邪王道子錄尚書六條事。冬十月，苻堅弟融陷壽春。乙亥，諸將及苻堅戰于肥水，大破之，俘斬數萬計，獲堅輿輦及雲母車。十一月庚申，詔衛將軍謝安勞旋師於金城。壬子，立陳留王世子靈誕為陳留王。十二月庚午，以寇難初平，大赦。以中軍將軍謝石為尚書令。開酒禁。始增百姓稅米，口五石。前句町王翟遼背苻堅，舉兵於河南，慕容垂自鄴與遼合，遂攻堅子暉於洛陽。仇池公楊世奔還隴右，遣使稱籓。 In February of spring on the gui wei day, a yellow haze filled all directions. In March, great floods struck Shixing, Nankang, and Luling; water levels reached five zhang on flat land. On the ding si day, a general pardon was proclaimed. In May of summer, Fuguo Jiangjun Yang Liang attacked Shu, captured five cities, and seized Fu Jian's general Wei Guang. In July of autumn, Yingyang Jiangjun Guo Qia fought against Fu Jian's general Zhang Chong at Wudang and decisively defeated him. In August, Fu Jian led his troops across the Huai River and dispatched Zhengtao Dudu Xie Shi, Guanjun Jiangjun Xie Xuan, Fuguo Jiangjun Xie Yan, Xizhonglangjiang Huan Yi, and others to resist him. In September, an imperial decree ordered Sikou, Langya Wang Daozi, to oversee the Six Departments of the Shangshu. In October of winter, Fu Jian's brother Fu Rong captured Shouchun. On the yi hai day, the generals fought against Fu Jian at Feishui and decisively defeated him; tens of thousands were captured or killed. They seized Fu Jian's palanquins and yunmu carriage. In November on the geng shen day, an imperial decree ordered Wei Jiangjun Xie An to personally visit Jincheng to honor and reward the returning troops. On the ren zi day, Chenliu Wang's heir apparent Ling Dan was enfeoffed as Chenliu Wang. In December on the geng wu day, with the initial pacification of bandit troubles, a general pardon was announced. Zhongjun Jiangjun Xie Shi was appointed Shangshuliu (Minister of State). The prohibition on alcohol production and sale was lifted. For the first time, an additional rice tax of five dan per person for commoners was imposed. Qian Gouting Wang Diao Liao defected from Fu Jian, raised troops in Henan, and Murong Chui joined him from Ye; together they attacked Fu Jian's son Fu Hui at Luoyang. Qiuchi Gong Yang Shi fled back to Longyou and sent envoys offering allegiance.
13	九年春正月庚子，封武陵王孫寶為臨川王。戊午，立新寧王晞子遵為新寧王。辛亥，謁建平等四陵。龍驤將軍劉牢之克譙城。車騎將軍桓沖部將郭寶伐新城、魏興、上庸三郡，降之。二月辛巳，使持節、都督荊江梁寧益交廣七州諸軍事、車騎將軍、荊州刺史桓沖卒。慕容垂自洛陽與翟遼攻苻堅子丕於鄴。三月，以衛將軍謝安為太保。苻堅北地長史慕容泓、平陽太守慕容沖並起兵背堅。夏四月己卯，增置太學生百人。封張天錫為西平公。使竟陵太守趙統伐襄陽，克之。苻堅將姚萇背堅，起兵於北地，自立為王，國號秦。六月癸丑朔，崇德皇太后褚氏崩。慕容泓為其叔父沖所殺，沖自稱皇太弟。秋七月戊戌，遣兼司空、高密王純之修謁洛陽五陵。己酉，葬康獻皇后于崇平陵。百濟遣使來貢方物。苻堅及慕容沖戰于鄭西，堅師敗績。八月戊寅，司空郗愔薨。九月辛卯，前鋒都督謝玄攻苻堅將兗州刺史張崇於鄄城，克之。甲午，加太保謝安大都督揚、江、荊、司、豫、徐、兗、青、冀、幽、并、梁、益、雍、涼十五州諸軍事。冬十月辛亥朔，日有蝕之。丁巳，河間王曇之薨。乙丑，以玄象乖度，大赦。庚午，立前新蔡王晃弟崇為新蔡王。苻堅青州刺史苻朗帥眾來降。十二月，苻堅將呂光稱制于河右，自號酒泉公。慕容沖僭即皇帝位于阿房。 In the first month of spring on February 2 on the geng zi day, Wu Ling Wang's grandson Bao was enfeoffed as Linchuan Wang. On the wu wu day (February 20), Xinning Wang Xi's son Zun was enfeoffed as Xinning Wang. On the xin hai day, he paid homage at four mausoleums including Jian Ping. Longxiang Jiangjun Liu Laoshi captured Qiao Cheng. Cheqi Jiangjun Huan Chong's subordinate general Guo Bao attacked the three commanderies of Xincheng, Weixing, and Shangyong; they surrendered. In February on the xin si day Shizhi Jie Dudu Jing Jiang Liang Ning Yi Jiao Guang Qi Zhou Zhushishi Cheqi Jiangjun Jingzhou Zhushi Huan Chong died. Murong Chui, from Luoyang, joined Diao Liao to attack Fu Jian's son Pi at Ye. In March, Wei Jiangjun Xie An was appointed as Taibao. Fu Jian's Beidi Changshi Murong Hong and Pingyang Taishou Murong Chong both raised troops to rebel against Fu Jian. In the fourth month of summer on the ji mao day, an additional hundred Taixuesheng were added. Zhang Tianxi was enfeoffed as the Xiping Gong. Jingling Taishou Zhao Tong was sent to attack Xiangyang, and captured it. Fu Jian's general Yao Chang rebelled against Fu Jian, raised troops at Beidi, declared himself Wang, and established the state with the title Qin. On the first day of the sixth month on the geng chou day, Empress Dowager Chongde Chu Shi passed away. Murong Hong was killed by his uncle Chong, who declared himself Huang Taidi. In the seventh month of autumn on the wu xu day, Jian Sikong and Gaomi Wang Chun Zhi were sent to repair and pay homage at five mausoleums in Luoyang. On the ji you day (September 13), Empress Kangxian was buried at Chongping Ling. Baekje sent envoys to present tribute of local products. Fu Jian and Murong Chong fought a battle at Zhengxi, where Fu Jian's forces suffered a defeat. In August on the wu yin day, Sikong Xi Yin died. In September on the xin mao day (October 24), Qianfeng Dudu Xie Xuan attacked Fu Jian's general Yanzhou Zhushi Zhang Chong at Juancheng and captured it. On the jia wu day (November 6), Taibao Xie An was granted the title of Daudu Du Yang, Jiang, Jing, Si, Yu, Xu, Yan, Qing, Ji, You, Bing, Liang, Yi, Yong, and Liang fifteen zhou zhushishi. On the first day of winter's tenth month on the xin hai day, there was a solar eclipse. On the ding si day, Hejian Wang Tan Zhi died. On the yi chou day, a general amnesty was declared due to the abnormal celestial phenomena. On the geng wu day (March 21), Xinchai Wang Huang's younger brother Chong was enfeoffed as New Cai Wang. Fu Jian's Qingzhou Zhushi Fu Lang led his troops to surrender. In December, Fu Jian's general Lv Guang declared himself as the supreme authority in Heyou and styled himself Gong of Jiuquan. Murong Chong usurped the throne at Afang.
14	十年春正月甲午，謁諸陵。二月，立國學。蜀郡太守任權斬苻堅益州刺史李平，益州平。三月，滎陽人鄭燮以郡來降。苻堅國亂，使使奉表請迎。龍驤將軍劉牢之及慕容垂戰于黎陽，王師敗績。夏四月丙辰，劉牢之與沛郡太守周次及垂戰于五橋澤，王師又敗績。壬戌，太保謝安帥眾救苻堅。五月，大水。苻堅留太子宏守長安，奔於五將山。六月，宏來降，慕容沖入長安。秋七月，苻丕自枋頭西走，龍驤將軍檀玄追之，為丕所敗。旱，饑。丁巳，老人星見。八月甲午，大赦。丁酉，使持節、侍中、中書監、大都督十五州諸軍事、衛將軍、太保謝安薨。庚子，以瑯邪王道子為都督中外諸軍事。是月，姚萇殺苻堅而僭即皇帝位。九月，呂光據姑臧，自稱涼州刺史。苻丕僭即皇帝位于晉陽。冬十月丁亥，論淮肥之功，追封謝安廬陵郡公，封謝石南康公，謝玄康樂公，謝琰望蔡公，桓伊永修公，自餘封拜各有差。是歲，乞伏國仁自稱大單于、秦河二州牧。 In spring on the first month's jia wu day, he paid homage to various mausoleums. In February, a national school was established. Shu Jun Taishou Ren Quan beheaded Fu Jian's Yizhou Zhushi Li Ping, and Yizhou was pacified. In March, Yingyang native Zheng Xie surrendered with the commandery. With Fu Jian's state in chaos, envoys were sent carrying a memorial to request assistance. Longxiang Jiangjun Liu Laozhi fought Murong Chui at Liyang, where the imperial forces suffered a defeat. In summer on the fourth month's bing chen day, Liu Laozhi and Pei Jun Taishou Zhou Ci fought Murong Chui at Wqiao Ze, where imperial forces were defeated again. On the ren xu day (May 24), Taibao Xie An led troops to rescue Fu Jian. In May, there was a great flood. Fu Jian left Crown Prince Hong to defend Chang'an and fled to Wjiang Shan. In June, Hong surrendered, and Murong Chong entered Chang'an. In the seventh month of autumn, Fu Pi fled west from Fangtou; Longxiang Jiangjun Tan Xuan pursued him but was defeated by Fu Pi. Drought and famine occurred. On the ding si day, the old man star was observed. In August on the jia wu day, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On the ding you day, Shizhi Jie Shizhong Zhongshu Jian Daudu Du Wushizhou Zhushishi Wei Jiangjun Taibao Xie An died. On the geng zi day (October 17), Langya Wang Daozi was appointed as Dudu Zhongwai Zhushishi. In this month, Yao Chang killed Fu Jian and usurped the imperial throne. In September, Lv Guang occupied Guzang and styled himself as Liangzhou Zhushi. Fu Pi usurped the imperial throne at Jinyang. In winter on the tenth month's ding hai day, rewards were conferred for the merits of the Huai Fei campaign: Xie An was posthumously enfeoffed as Luling Jun Gong; Xie Shi as Nankang Gong; Xie Xuan as Kangle Gong; Xie Yan as Wangcai Gong; Huan Yi as Yongxiu Gong. Others were also enfeoffed or appointed with varying ranks. In this year, Qifu Guoren styled himself Da Danyu and Zhong of Qinhe Er Zhou.
15	十一年春正月辛未，慕容垂僭即皇帝位于中山。壬午，翟遼襲黎陽，執太守滕恬之。乙酉。謁諸陵。慕容沖將許木末殺慕容沖於長安。三月，大赦。太山太守張願以郡叛，降於翟遼。夏四月，以百濟王世子餘暉為使持節、都督、鎮東將軍、百濟王。代王拓拔珪始改稱魏。癸巳，以尚書僕射陸納為尚書左僕射，譙王恬為尚書右僕射。六月己卯，地震。庚寅，以前輔國將軍楊亮為西戎校尉、雍州刺史，鎮衛山陵。秋八月庚午，封孔靖之為奉聖亭侯，奉宣尼祀。丁亥，安平王邃之薨。翟遼寇譙，龍驤將軍朱序擊走之。冬十月，慕容垂破苻丕於河東，丕走東垣，揚威將軍馮該擊斬之，傳首京都。甲申，海西公奕薨。十一月，苻丕將苻登僭即皇帝位於隴東。 In spring on the first month's xin wei day Murong Chui usurped the imperial throne in Zhongshan. On the ren wu day (March 10), Diao Liao attacked Liyang and captured Taishou Teng Tian Zhi. On the yi you day. He paid homage to various mausoleum. Murong Chong's general Xu Mumei killed Murong Chong in Chang'an. In March, a general amnesty was announced. Taishan Taishou Zhang Yuan rebelled with the commandery and surrendered to Diao Liao. In summer on April, Baekje Wang's crown prince Yu Hui was appointed as Shizhi Jie, Dudu, Zhendong Jiangjun, and Baekje Wang. Dai Wang Tuoba Gui began to change his title to Wei. On the geng si day, Shangshu Puye Lu Na was appointed as Shangshu Zuopuye, and Qiao Wang Tian as Shangshu Youpuye. In June on the ji mao day, an earthquake occurred. On the geng yin day (July 19), Qian Fuguo Jiangjun Yang Liang was appointed as Xirong Jiao Wei, Yongzhou Zhushi, to guard and manage the imperial mausoleums. In autumn on August's geng wu day (September 18), Kong Jing Zhi was enfeoffed as Fengshengting Hou, to offer sacrifices in honor of Confucius. On the ding hai day (October 7), Anping Wang Sui Zhi died. Diao Liao raided Qiao, and Longxiang Jiangjun Zhu Xu drove them away. In winter on October, Murong Chui defeated Fu Pi in Hedong; Fu Pi fled to Dongyuan, where Yangwei Jiangjun Feng Gai attacked and beheaded him, sending his head to the capital. On the jia shen day (November 25), Haixi Gong Yi died. In November, Fu Pi's general Fu Deng usurped the imperial throne at Longdong.
16	十二年春正月乙巳，以豫州刺史朱序為青、兗二州刺史，鎮淮陰。丁未，大赦。壬子，暴風，發屋折木。戊午，慕容垂寇河東，濟北太守溫詳奔彭城。翟遼遣子釗寇陳、潁，朱序擊走之。夏四月戊辰，尊夫人李氏為皇太妃。己丑，雨雹。高平人翟暢執太守徐含遠，以郡降于翟遼。六月癸卯，束帛聘處士戴逵、襲玄之。秋八月辛巳，立皇子德宗為皇太子，大赦，增文武位二等，大酺五日，賜百官布帛各有差。九月戊午，復新寧王遵為武陵王，立梁王㻱子和為梁王。冬十一月，松滋太守王遐之討翟遼于洛口，敗之。 In spring on the first month's yi si day Yuzhou Zhushi Zhu Xu was appointed as Zhushi of Qing and Yan Er Zhou to garrison Huaiyin. On the ding wei day (February 3), a general amnesty was proclaimed. On the ren zi day, there was a violent storm that blew off roofs and broke trees. On the wu wu day, Murong Chui raided Hedong, and Jibei Taishou Wen Xiang fled to Pengcheng. Diao Liao sent his son Zhao to raid Chen and Ying, but Zhu Xu drove them away after an attack. In summer on the fourth month's wu chen day (May 7), Lady Li was honored as Huang Taifei. On the ji chou day, hail fell with rain. Gaoping native Diao Chang captured Taishou Xu Hanyuan and surrendered the commandery to Diao Liao. In June on the geng mao day (July 7), gifts of silk were sent to invite reclusive scholars Dai Kui and Xi Xuan Zhi. In autumn on the eighth month's xin si day (September 6), Crown Prince Dezong was established as Heir Apparent to the Throne; a general amnesty was declared, ranks of civil and military officials were elevated by two grades, a five-day public feast was held, and silks and cloth were granted to all government officials in varying amounts. In September on the wu wu day (October 4), Xinning Wang Zun was restored as Wuling Wang, and Liang Wang's son He was enfeoffed as new Liang Wang. In winter on November, Songzi Taishou Wang Xia Zhi attacked Diao Liao at Luokou and defeated him.
17	十三年夏四月戊午，以青兗二州刺史朱序為持節、都督雍梁沔中九郡諸軍事、雍州刺史，譙王恬之為鎮北將軍、青兗二州刺史。夏六月，旱。乞伏國仁死，弟乾歸嗣偽位，僭號河南王。秋七月，翟遼將翟發寇洛陽，河南太守郭給距破之。冬十二月戊子，濤水入石頭，毀大桁，殺人。乙未，大風，晝晦，延賢堂災。丙申，螽斯則百堂、客館、驃騎庫皆災。己亥，加尚書令謝石衛將軍、開府儀同三司。庚子，尚書令、衛將軍、開府儀同三司謝石薨。 In summer on the fourth month's wu wu day Qing Yan Er Zhou Zhushi Zhu Xu was appointed Shizhi Jie and Dudu Yong Liang Mian Zhong Jiun Zhushishi and Yongzhou Zhushi; Qiao Wang Tian Zhi was appointed Zhenbei Jiangjun and Qing Yan Er Zhou Zhushi. In June of summer, there was a drought. Qifu Guoren died; his younger brother Qian Gui succeeded the false title and usurped the name of Henan Wang. In autumn on July, Diao Liao's general Diao Fa raided Luoyang; Henan Taishou Guo Ji repelled and defeated them. In winter on the twelfth month's wu zi day, a tidal surge flooded Shitou, destroyed Dage Hang, and killed people. On the yi wei day (January 20) there was a strong wind that darkened the daylight; Yanxian Tang burned down. On the bing shen day, Zhongsi Ze Bai Tang, Keguan, and Biaoqi Ku all caught fire. On the ji hai day (January 23), Shangshu Ling Xie Shi was granted the titles of Wei Jiangjun and Kaifu Yitong Sansi. On the geng zi day, Shangshu Ling, Wei Jiangjun, and Kaifu Yitong San Si Xie Shi died.
18	十四年春正月癸亥，詔淮南所獲俘虜付諸作部者一皆散遣，男女自相配匹，賜百日廩，其沿線為軍賞者悉贖出之，以襄陽、淮南饒沃地各立一縣以居之。彭城妖賊劉黎僭稱皇帝於皇丘，龍驤將軍劉宰之討平之。二月，扶南獻方物。呂光僭號三河王。夏四月甲辰，彭城王弘之薨。翟遼寇滎陽，執太守張卓。六月壬寅，使持節、都督荊益寧三州諸軍事、荊州刺史桓石虔卒。秋七月甲寅，宣陽門四柱災。八月，姚萇襲破苻登，獲其偽后毛氏。丁亥，汝南王羲薨。九月庚午，以尚書左僕射陸納為尚書令。冬十二月乙巳，雨，木冰。 In spring on the first month's geng hai day, an edict was issued: all captives obtained in Huainan and assigned to work departments were to be released; men and women would pair up freely. They were granted a hundred days of grain rations. Those along the line who had been taken as military rewards were to be redeemed and released, with one county each established in Xiangyang and Huainan's fertile lands for their settlement. Pengcheng rebel Diao Ze Liu Li usurped the title of emperor at Huangqiu, and Longxiang Jianggun Liu Zai Zhi suppressed and pacified him. In February, Funan presented local products as tribute. Lv Guang usurped the title Sanhe Wang. In summer on the fourth month geng chen day, Pengcheng Wang Hong Zhi died. Diao Liao raided Yingyang and captured Taishou Zhang Zhuo. On the june ren yin day, Shici Jieshi, Dudu Jing Yi Ning San Zhou Zhujunshi, Jingzhou Cishi Huan Shi Qian died. In autumn on the jiu yue ji bin day, a fire destroyed four pillars at Xuanyang Gate. In August, Yao Chang launched an attack and captured Fu Deng, seizing his false empress Mao Shi. On the ding hai day, Ru'nan Wang Xi died. On the September geng wu day, Shangshu Zu Puye Lu Na was appointed as Shangshu Ling. In winter on the twelfth month yi si day, it rained and there was ice on trees.
19	十五年春正月乙亥，鎮北將軍、譙王恬之薨。龍驤將軍劉牢之及翟遼、張願戰于太山，王師敗績。征虜將軍朱序破慕容永於太行。二月辛己，以中書令王恭為都督青兗幽并冀五州諸軍事、前將軍、青兗二州刺史。三月己酉朔，地震。戊辰，大赦。秋七月丁巳，有星孛于北河。八月，永嘉人李耽舉兵反，太守劉懷之討平之。己丑，京師地震。有星孛于北斗，犯紫微。沔中諸郡及兗州大水。龍驤將軍朱序攻翟遼于滑臺，大敗之，張願來降。九月丁未，以吳郡太守王珣為尚書僕射。冬十二月己未，地震。 In spring on the first month yi hai day Zhenbei Jiangjun and Qiao Wang Tian Zhi died. Longxiang Jiangjun Liu Laoshi, along with Diao Liao and Zhang Yuan, fought at Taishan, where the imperial army suffered a defeat. Zhenglu Jiangjun Zhu Xu defeated Murong Yong at Taihang Mountain. In February on the xin ji day, Zhongshu Ling Wang Gong was appointed Dudu Qing Yan You Bing Ji Wu Zhou Zhujunshi and Qian Jiangjun as well as Cishi of Qing and Yan states. On the first day of March, a geng you day, there was an earthquake. On the wu chen day, a general pardon was issued. In autumn on the qiu yue ding si day, an unusual star appeared in the northern river constellation. In August, Yongjia native Li Dan raised troops and rebelled; Taishou Liu Huai Zhi suppressed and quelled the rebellion. On the ji chou day, the capital experienced an earthquake. An unusual star appeared in Beidou constellation and invaded Ziwēi. Heavy floods occurred in various commanderies of Mianzhong as well as in Yan Zhou. Longxiang Jiangjun Zhu Xu attacked Diao Liao at Hua Tai and defeated him greatly; Zhang Yuan surrendered. In September on the jiu yue ding wei day, Wu Jun Taishou Wang Xun was appointed as Shangshu Puye. In winter on the twelve month ji wei day there was an earthquake.
20	十六年春正月庚申，改築太廟。夏六月，慕容永寇河南，太守楊佺期擊破之。己未，章武王範之薨。秋九月癸未，以尚書右僕射王珣為尚書左僕射，以太子詹事謝琰為尚書右僕射。新廟成。冬十一月，姚萇敗苻登于安定。 In spring on the first month geng shen day, the Taitemple was renovated and rebuilt. In summer on June, Murong Yong raided Henan; Taishou Yang Quanqi defeated him. On the ji wei day, Zhangwu Wang Fan Zhi died. In autumn on the September kui wei day, Shangshu You Puye Wang Xun was appointed as the new Shangshu Zuo Puye; Tai Zi Zhanshi Xie Yan became the new Shangshu You Puyue. The new temple was completed. In winter on November, Yao Chang defeated Fu Deng at Anding.
21	十七年春正月己巳朔，大赦，除逋租宿債。夏四月，齊國內史蔣喆殺樂安太守辟閭濬，據青州反，北平原太守辟閭渾討平之。五月丁卯朔，日有蝕之。六月癸卯，京師地震。甲寅，濤水入石頭，毀大桁。永嘉郡潮水湧起，近海四縣人多死者。乙卯，大風，折木。戊午，梁王薨。慕容垂襲翟釗于黎陽，敗之，釗奔于慕容永。秋七月丁丑，太白晝見。八月，新作東宮。冬十月丁酉，太白晝見。辛亥，都督荊益寧三州諸軍事、荊州刺史王忱卒。十一月癸酉，以黃門郎殷仲堪為都督荊益梁三州諸軍事、荊州刺史。庚寅，徙封瑯邪王道子為會稽王，封皇子德文為瑯邪王。十二月己未，地震。是歲，自秋不雨，至于冬。 On the first day of spring on the first month ji si day, a general pardon was declared and overdue taxes and old debts were forgiven. In summer on April, Qi Guo Neishi Jiang Zhe killed Le'an Taishou Pilu Jun and occupied Qing Zhou in rebellion; Bei Pingyuan Taishou Pilu Hun suppressed and quelled the revolt. On the first day of May, a ding mao day, there was a solar eclipse. In June on the geng yin day the capital experienced an earthquake. On the jia yin day, a surge of water flooded into Shitou and destroyed Dahan Bridge. Tides surged in Yongjia Jun, causing many deaths among the people in four counties near the sea. On the yi mao day, a strong wind blew and broke trees. On the wu wu day, Liang Wang died. Murong Chui attacked Diao Zhao at Liyang and defeated him; Zhao fled to Murong Yong. In autumn on the qiu yi yue ding chou day, Venus was visible in daylight. In August, a new Donggong palace was constructed. In winter on the tenth month ding you day, Venus appeared in daylight. On the xin hai day, Dudu Jing Yi Ning Sanzhou Zhujunshi and Jing Zhou Cishi Wang Chen died. In the eleventh month on the geng you day, Huangmen Lang Yin Zhongkan was appointed as Dudu Jing Yi Liang San Zhou Zhujunshi and Cishi of Jingzhou. On the geng yin day, Langya Wang Daozi was transferred and enfeoffed as Kuaiji Wang; Crown Prince Dewen was enfeoffed as Langya Wang. On the twelve month ji wei day there was an earthquake. In this year, from autumn it did not rain until winter.
22	十八年春正月癸亥朔，地震。二月乙未，地又震。三月，翟釗寇河南。夏六月己亥，始興、南康、廬陵大水，深五丈。秋七月，旱。閏月，妖賊司馬徽聚黨於馬頭山，劉牢之遣部將討平之。九月丙戌，龍驤將軍楊佺期擊氐帥楊佛嵩于潼谷，敗之。冬十月，姚萇死，子興嗣偽位。 On the first day of spring in the first month, a geng hai day, there was an earthquake. In February on the yi wei day, the ground shook again. In March, Diao Zhao raided Henan. In summer on the sixth month ji hai day there were severe floods in Shixing, Nankang and Luling with water depth reaching five zhang. In autumn on July, there was a drought. In the intercalary month, Diao Ze Sima Hui gathered his followers at Mathoushan; Liu Laoshi sent subordinates to suppress and quell them. In September on the qiu yue bing xu day, Longxiang Jiangjun Yang Quanqi attacked Di Shuai Yang Fosong at Tonggu and defeated him. In winter on October, Yao Chang died; his son Xing succeeded to the false throne.
23	十九年夏六月壬子，追尊會稽王太妃鄭氏為簡文宣太后。秋七月，荊、徐二州大水，傷秋稼，遣使振恤之。八月己巳，尊皇太妃李氏為皇太后，宮曰崇訓。慕容垂擊慕容永於長子，斬之。冬十月，慕容垂遣其子惡奴寇廩丘，東平太守韋簡及垂將尹國戰于平陸，簡死之。是歲，苻登為姚興所殺，登太子崇奔于湟中，僭稱皇帝。 In summer on the sixth month ren zi day, Kuaiji Wang Taifei Zheng Shi was posthumously honored as Jianwen Xuantouhou. In autumn on July, severe floods occurred in Jing and Xu states, damaging the autumn harvest; envoys were sent to provide relief. In August on the ji si day Huang Taifei Li Shi was honored as Huang Taihou; her palace was named Chongxun. Murong Chui attacked Murong Yong at Changzi and beheaded him. In winter on October, Murong Chui sent his son Enu to raid Linqiu; Dongping Taishou Wei Jian and Chui Jiang Yin Guo fought at Pinglu, where Jian died. In this year, Fu Deng was killed by Yao Xing; Deng's Taizi Chong fled to Huangzhong and usurped the title of Emperor.
24	二十年春二月，作宣太后廟。甲寅，散騎常侍、光祿大夫、開府儀同三司、尚書令陸納卒。三月庚辰朔，日有蝕之。夏六月，荊、徐二州大水。十一月，魏王拓拔珪擊慕容垂子寶于黍谷，敗之。 In spring on February, a temple for Xuantaihou was built. On the jia yin day, Sanqi Changshi, Guanglu Dafu, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, and Shangshu Ling Lu Na died. On the first day of March on a geng chen day there was a solar eclipse. In summer on June, severe floods occurred in Jingzhou and Xuzhou. In November, Wei Wang Tuoba Gui attacked Murong Chui's son Bao at Shugu and defeated him.
25	二十一年春正月，造清暑殿。三月，慕容垂攻平城，拔之。夏四月，新作永安宮。丁亥，雨雹。慕容垂死，子寶嗣偽位。五月甲子，以望蔡公謝琰為尚書左僕射。大水。六月，呂光僭即天王位。秋九月庚申，帝崩于清暑殿，時年三十五。葬隆平陵。 In spring on the first day of January Qingshu Hall was constructed. In March, Murong Chui attacked Pingcheng and captured it. In summer on April a new Yong'an Palace was constructed. On the ding hai day, there was hail rain. Murong Chui died; his son Bao succeeded to the false throne. On the wu yue jia zi day, Wangcai Gong Xie Yan was appointed as Shangshu Zuo puye. There were severe floods. In June, Lv Guang usurped the position of Tianwang. In autumn on September geng shen day, the emperor passed away at Qingshu Hall, at the age of thirty-five. He was buried in Longping Ling.
26	帝幼稱聰悟。簡文之崩也，時年十歲，至晡不臨，左右進諫，答曰：「哀至則哭，何常之有？」謝安嘗嘆以為精理不減先帝。既威權己出，雅有人主之量。既而溺於酒色，殆為長夜之飲。末年長星見，帝心甚惡之，於華林園舉酒祝之曰：「長星，勸汝一杯酒，自古何有萬歲天子邪！」太白連年晝見，地震水旱為變者相屬。醒日既少，而傍無正人，竟不能改焉。時張貴人有寵，年幾三十，帝戲之曰：「汝以年當廢矣。」貴人潛怒，向夕，帝醉，遂暴崩。時道子昏惑，元顯專權，竟不推其罪人。初，簡文帝見讖云：「晉祚盡昌明。」及帝之在孕也，李太后夢神人謂之曰：「汝生男，以『昌明』為字。」及產，東方始明，因以為名焉。簡文帝後悟，乃流涕。及為清暑殿，有識者以為「清暑」反為「楚」聲，哀楚之徵也。俄而帝崩，晉祚自此傾矣。 The emperor was known from a young age for his intelligence and wisdom. When Jianwen died, the emperor was ten years old. He did not mourn until dusk; when his attendants advised him, he replied: "I will weep when grief comes naturally—why should there be a fixed time?" Xie An once sighed and remarked that his refined understanding was no less than the previous emperor's. Having already established authority, he naturally possessed the bearing of a sovereign. Soon after, he became addicted to wine and beauty, indulging in drinking all night long. In his later years, a long star appeared; the emperor was deeply unsettled and at Huayuan Linyuan raised wine to make an offering, saying: "Long Star, I offer you this cup of wine—since ancient times, how could there ever be a ten-thousand-year emperor?" Venus appeared in daylight for several consecutive years; earthquakes and floods or droughts occurred frequently as omens of change. With few days spent sober, and no upright people at his side, he ultimately failed to reform himself. At that time, Zhang Guiren was favored; she was nearly thirty years old, and the emperor joked with her: "You should be discarded because of your age." The concubine secretly harbored anger. One evening when the emperor was drunk, she caused his sudden death. At that time Daozi was confused and ignorant, while Yuanxian monopolized power; they ultimately did not pursue the person responsible for his crime. Initially, Jianwen Di saw a prophecy stating: "The Jin dynasty's mandate will end with Changming." When the emperor was still in his mother's womb, Empress Dowager Li dreamed of a divine person who told her: "If you give birth to a son, name him 'Changming'." When he was born, the east began to brighten; thus his name was given accordingly. Jianwen Di later realized this and wept bitterly. When the Qingshu Hall was built, those with insight believed that "Qingshu" sounded like "Chu" when reversed, a sign of sorrow and grief. Soon after the emperor died; from then on, the mandate of Jin dynasty began to decline.
《論 Soon after the emperor died; from then on, the mandate of Jin dynasty began to decline.》
1	史臣曰：前史稱「不有廢也，吾何以興」，若乃天挺惟神，光膺嗣位，邁油雲而驤首，濟沈川而能躍。少康一旅之眾，所以闡帝圖；成湯七十之基，所以興王業；靜河海於既泄，補穹圓於已紊；事異於斯，則弗由也。簡皇以虛白之姿，在屯如之會，政由桓氏，祭則寡人。太宗晏駕，寧康纂業，天誘其衷，姦臣自隕。于時西踰劍岫而跨靈山，北振長河而臨清洛；荊吳戰旅，嘯叱成雲；名賢間出，舊德斯在：謝安可以鎮雅俗，彪之足以正紀綱，桓沖之夙夜王家，謝玄之善斷軍事。於時上天乃眷，彊氐自泯。五盡童子，振袂臨江，思所以挂旆天山，封泥函谷；而條綱弗垂，威思罕樹，道子荒乎朝政，國寶匯以小人，拜授之榮，初非天旨，鬻刑之貨，自走權門，毒賦年滋，愁民歲廣。是以聞人、許榮馳書詣闕，烈宗知其抗直，而惡聞逆耳，肆一醉於崇朝，飛千觴於長夜。雖復「昌明」表夢，安聽神言？而金行頹弛，抑亦人事，語曰「大國之政未陵夷，小邦之亂已傾覆」也。屬苻堅百六之秋，棄肥水之眾，帝號為「武」，不亦優哉！ The historian said: Previous histories say, "Without being discarded, how can I rise?" If indeed Heaven has endowed one with divine power and he is worthy of succeeding to the throne, then he will raise his head above the oil clouds and leap across the deep rivers. Shao Kang, with only a small band of followers, was able to restore the imperial plan; King Tang, with the foundation of seventy cities, was thus able to establish his royal cause. They calmed rivers and seas after they had overflowed, mended the heavens when already in disarray. If circumstances differ from these, then success cannot be achieved through such means. Emperor Jian, with a frail and weak constitution, found himself in times of hardship; government was controlled by the Huans, while he alone performed sacrificial rites. Taizong passed away peacefully; Ningkang inherited the throne. Heaven guided his heart, and treacherous ministers perished on their own. At that time, the western forces crossed the Jian Mountains and occupied Lingshan; to the north they stirred up the great river and approached Qingle. The armies of Jing and Wu roared like clouds in battle. Distinguished sages emerged one after another, and virtuous men of old were still present: Xie An could pacify vulgar customs, Biao Zhi was sufficient to correct discipline and regulations; Huanchong devoted himself day and night to the royal family, while Xie Xuan excelled at making military decisions. At that time Heaven turned its favor, and the powerful Di people perished by themselves. Five-year-old children, with sleeves flung out over the river, longed to raise banners on the Tianshan Mountains and seal the gate of Hangu Pass. Yet the main principles were not upheld, and authority rarely established; Daozi neglected court affairs while Guobao gathered around him a group of petty men. Honors granted at first had nothing to do with Heaven's will; bribes for criminal justice naturally flowed into powerful doors. Toxic taxes increased yearly, and the people's suffering spread each year. Therefore, Wenren and Xu Rong rushed to the palace with letters of remonstration. The Martial Emperor knew they were upright and bold, but disliked hearing unpleasant truths; thus he indulged in one drunken revelry from early morning, drinking a thousand cups through the long night. Although "Changming" was once revealed in dreams, how could he now heed divine words? Yet the decline of the Metal element was also due to human affairs. As it is said: "The governance of a great state has not yet crumbled, but the chaos in small states has already led to their downfall." It was during Fu Jian's hundred and sixth autumn, when he abandoned his army at Feishui. The emperor bore the title "Wu"—was this not a great honor!
2	贊曰：君若綴旒，道非交泰。簡皇凝寂，不貽伊害。孝武登朝，奸雄自消。燕之擊路，鄭叔分鑣。倡臨帝席，酒勸天妖。金風不競，人事先凋。 Eulogy: A ruler like a hanging ornament, his way was not harmonious. Emperor Jian remained quiet and still, causing no harm to the people. Xiaowu ascended the throne; treacherous strongmen naturally perished. Yan's attack on the road, Zheng Shu split the forces. Chang Lin attended the imperial banquet, urging wine to a heavenly demon. The Metal winds did not contend; human affairs withered first.