| | 大宗师: |
知天之所为，知人之所为者，至矣。知天之所为者，天而生也；知人之所为者，以其知之所知，以养其知之所不知，终其天年而不中道夭者，是知之盛也。虽然，有患。夫知有所待而后当，其所待者特未定也。庸讵知吾所谓天之非人乎？所谓人之非天乎？且有真人，而后有真知。 |
| The Great and Most...: |
He who knows the part which the Heavenly (in him) plays, and knows (also) that which the Human (in him ought to) play, has reached the perfection (of knowledge). He who knows the part which the Heavenly plays (knows) that it is naturally born with him; he who knows the part which the Human ought to play (proceeds) with the knowledge which he possesses to nourish it in the direction of what he does not (yet) know: to complete one's natural term of years and not come to an untimely end in the middle of his course is the fulness of knowledge. Although it be so, there is an evil (attending this condition). Such knowledge still awaits the confirmation of it as correct; it does so because it is not yet determined. How do we know that what we call the Heavenly (in us) is not the Human? and that what we call the Human is not the Heavenly? There must be the True man, and then there is the True knowledge. |
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何谓真人？古之真人，不逆寡，不雄成，不谟士。若然者，过而弗悔，当而不自得也。若然者，登高不栗，入水不濡，入火不热。是知之能登假于道也若此。 |
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What is meant by 'the True Man?' The True men of old did not reject (the views of) the few; they did not seek to accomplish (their ends) like heroes (before others); they did not lay plans to attain those ends. Being such, though they might make mistakes, they had no occasion for repentance; though they might succeed, they had no self-complacency. Being such, they could ascend the loftiest heights without fear; they could pass through water without being made wet by it; they could go into fire without being burnt; so it was that by their knowledge they ascended to and reached the Dao. |
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古之真人，其寝不梦，其觉无忧，其食不甘，其息深深。真人之息以踵，众人之息以喉。屈服者，其嗌言若哇。其耆欲深者，其天机浅。 |
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The True men of old did not dream when they slept, had no anxiety when they awoke, and did not care that their food should be pleasant. Their breathing came deep and silently. The breathing of the true man comes (even) from his heels, while men generally breathe (only) from their throats. When men are defeated in argument, their words come from their gullets as if they were vomiting. Where lusts and desires are deep, the springs of the Heavenly are shallow. |
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古之真人，不知说生，不知恶死；其出不欣，其入不距；翛然而往，翛然而来而已矣。不忘其所始，不求其所终；受而喜之，忘而复之。是之谓不以心捐道，不以人助天。是之谓真人。若然者，其心志，其容寂，其颡頯，凄然似秋，暖然似春，喜怒通四时，与物有宜，而莫知其极。故圣人之用兵也，亡国而不失人心；利泽施于万物，不为爱人。故乐通物，非圣人也；有亲，非仁也；天时，非贤也；利害不通，非君子也；行名失己，非士也；亡身不真，非役人也。若狐不偕、务光、伯夷、叔齐、箕子胥馀、纪他、申徒狄，是役人之役，适人之适，而不自适其适者也。 |
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The True men of old knew nothing of the love of life or of the hatred of death. Entrance into life occasioned them no joy; the exit from it awakened no resistance. Composedly they went and came. They did not forget what their beginning bad been, and they did not inquire into what their end would be. They accepted (their life) and rejoiced in it; they forgot (all fear of death), and returned (to their state before life). Thus there was in them what is called the want of any mind to resist the Dao, and of all attempts by means of the Human to assist the Heavenly. Such were they who are called the True men. Being such, their minds were free from all thought; their demeanour was still and unmoved; their foreheads beamed simplicity. Whatever coldness came from them was like that of autumn; whatever warmth came from them was like that of spring. Their joy and anger assimilated to what we see in the four seasons. They did in regard to all things what was suitable, and no one could know how far their action would go. Therefore the sagely man might, in his conduct of war, destroy a state without losing the hearts of the people; his benefits and favours might extend to a myriad generations without his being a lover of men. Hence he who tries to share his joys with others is not a sagely man; he who manifests affection is not benevolent; he who observes times and seasons (to regulate his conduct) is not a man of wisdom; he to whom profit and injury are not the same is not a superior man; he who acts for the sake of the name of doing so, and loses his (proper) self is not the (right) scholar; and he who throws away his person in a way which is not the true (way) cannot command the service of others. Such men as Hu Bu-jie, Wu Guang, Bo-yi, Shu-Qi, the count of Ji, Xu-yu, Ji Ta, and Shen-tu Di, all did service for other men, and sought to secure for them what they desired, not seeking their own pleasure. |
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古之真人，其状义而不朋，若不足而不承，与乎其觚而不坚也，张乎其虚而不华也，邴邴乎其似喜乎！崔乎其不得已乎！滀乎进我色也，与乎止我德也，厉乎其似世乎！謷乎其未可制也，连乎其似好闭也，悗乎忘其言也。以刑为体，以礼为翼，以知为时，以德为循。以刑为体者，绰乎其杀也；以礼为翼者，所以行于世也；以知为时者，不得已于事也；以德为循者，言其与有足者至于丘也，而人真以为勤行者也。故其好之也一，其弗好之也一。其一也一，其不一也一。其一，与天为徒；其不一，与人为徒。天与人不相胜也，是之谓真人。 |
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The True men of old presented the aspect of judging others aright, but without being partisans; of feeling their own insufficiency, but being without flattery or cringing. Their peculiarities were natural to them, but they were not obstinately attached to them; their humility was evident, but there was nothing of unreality or display about it. Their placidity and satisfaction had the appearance of joy; their every movement seemed to be a necessity to them. Their accumulated attractiveness drew men's looks to them; their blandness fixed men's attachment to their virtue. They seemed to accommodate themselves to the (manners of their age), but with a certain severity; their haughty indifference was beyond its control. Unceasing seemed their endeavours to keep (their mouths) shut; when they looked down, they had forgotten what they wished to say. They considered punishments to be the substance (of government, and they never incurred it); ceremonies to be its supporting wings (and they always observed them); wisdom (to indicate) the time (for action, and they always selected it); and virtue to be accordance (with others), and they were all-accordant. Considering punishments to be the substance (of government), yet their generosity appeared in the (manner of their) infliction of death. Considering ceremonies to be its supporting wings, they pursued by means of them their course in the world. Considering wisdom to indicate the time (for action), they felt it necessary to employ it in (the direction of) affairs. Considering virtue to be accordance (with others), they sought to ascend its height along with all who had feet (to climb it). (Such were they), and yet men really thought that they did what they did by earnest effort. In this way they were one and the same in all their likings and dislikings. Where they liked, they were the same; where they did not like, they were the same. In the former case where they liked, they were fellow-workers with the Heavenly (in them); in the latter where they disliked, they were co-workers with the Human in them. The one of these elements (in their nature) did not overcome the other. Such were those who are called the True men. |
