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子贡南游于楚，反于晋，过汉阴，见一丈人方将为圃畦，凿隧而入井，抱瓮而出灌，搰搰然用力甚多而见功寡。子贡曰：“有械于此，一日浸百畦，用力甚寡而见功多，夫子不欲乎？”为圃者卬而视之曰：“奈何？”曰：“凿木为机，后重前轻，挈水若抽，数如泆汤，其名为槔。”为圃者忿然作色而笑曰：“吾闻之吾师：‘有机械者必有机事，有机事者必有机心。’机心存于胸中，则纯白不备；纯白不备，则神生不定；神生不定者，道之所不载也。吾非不知，羞而不为也。”子贡瞒然慙，俯而不对。 |
| Heaven and Earth: |
Zi-gong had been rambling in the south in Chu, and was returning to Jin. As he passed (a place) on the north of the Han, he saw an old man who was going to work on his vegetable garden. He had dug his channels, gone to the well, and was bringing from it in his arms a jar of water to pour into them. Toiling away, he expended a great deal of strength, but the result which he accomplished was very small. Zi-gong said to him, 'There is a contrivance here, by means of which a hundred plots of ground may be irrigated in one day. With the expenditure of a very little strength, the result accomplished is great. Would you, Master, not like (to try it)?' The gardener looked up at him, and said, 'How does it work?' Zi-gong said, 'It is a lever made of wood, heavy behind, and light in front. It raises the water as quickly as you could do with your hand, or as it bubbles over from a boiler. Its name is a shadoof.' The gardener put on an angry look, laughed, and said, 'I have heard from my teacher that, where there are ingenious contrivances, there are sure to be subtle doings; and that, where there are subtle doings, there is sure to be a scheming mind. But, when there is a scheming mind in the breast, its pure simplicity is impaired. When this pure simplicity is impaired, the spirit becomes unsettled, and the unsettled spirit is not the proper residence of the Dao. It is not that I do not know (the contrivance which you mention), but I should be ashamed to use it.' (At these words) Zi-gong looked blank and ashamed; he hung down his head, and made no reply. |
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有间，为圃者曰：“子奚为者邪？”曰：“孔丘之徒也。”为圃者曰：“子非夫博学以拟圣，于于以盖众，独弦哀歌以卖名声于天下者乎？汝方将忘汝神气，堕汝形骸，而庶几乎！而身之不能治，而何暇治天下乎？子往矣，无乏吾事！ |
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After an interval, the gardener said to him, 'Who are you, Sir?' 'A disciple of Kong Qiu,' was the reply. The other continued, 'Are you not the scholar whose great learning makes you comparable to a sage, who make it your boast that you surpass all others, who sing melancholy ditties all by yourself, thus purchasing a famous reputation throughout the kingdom? If you would (only) forget the energy of your spirit, and neglect the care of your body, you might approximate (to the Dao). But while you cannot regulate yourself, what leisure have you to be regulating the world? Go on your way, Sir, and do not interrupt my work.' |
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子贡卑陬失色，顼顼然不自得，行三十里而后愈。其弟子曰：“向之人何为者邪？夫子何故见之变容失色，终日不自反邪？”曰：“始以为天下一人耳，不知复有夫人也。吾闻之夫子：‘事求可、功求成、用力少、见功多者，圣人之道。’今徒不然。执道者德全，德全者形全，形全者神全。神全者，圣人之道也。托生与民并行，而不知其所之，汒乎淳备哉！功利、机巧，必忘夫人之心。若夫人者，非其志不之，非其心不为。虽以天下誉之，得其所谓，謷然不顾；以天下非之，失其所谓，傥然不受。天下之非誉，无益损焉，是谓全德之人哉！我之谓风波之民。”反于鲁，以告孔子。孔子曰：“彼假修浑沌氏之术者也：识其一，不知其二；治其内，而不治其外。夫明白入素，无为复朴，体性抱神，以游世俗之间者，汝将固惊邪？且浑沌氏之术，予与汝何足以识之哉！” |
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Zi-gong shrunk back abashed, and turned pale. He was perturbed, and lost his self-possession, nor did he recover it, till he had walked a distance of thirty li. His disciples then said, 'Who was that man? Why, Master, when you saw him, did you change your bearing, and become pale, so that you have been all day without returning to yourself?' He replied to them, 'Formerly I thought that there was but one man in the world, and did not know that there was this man. I have heard the Master say that to seek for the means of conducting his undertakings so that his success in carrying them out may be complete, and how by the employment of a little strength great results may be obtained, is the way of the sage. Now (I perceive that) it is not so at all. They who hold fast and cleave to the Dao are complete in the qualities belonging to it. Complete in those qualities, they are complete in their bodies. Complete in their bodies, they are complete in their spirits. To be complete in spirit is the way of the sage. (Such men) live in the world in closest union with the people, going along with them, but they do not know where they are going. Vast and complete is their simplicity! Success, gain, and ingenious contrivances, and artful cleverness, indicate (in their opinion) a forgetfulness of the (proper) mind of man. These men will not go where their mind does not carry them, and will do nothing of which their mind does not approve. Though all the world should praise them, they would (only) get what they think should be loftily disregarded; and though all the world should blame them, they would but lose (what they think) fortuitous and not to be received - the world's blame and praise can do them neither benefit nor injury. Such men may be described as possessing all the attributes (of the Dao), while I can only be called one of those who are like the waves carried about by the wind.' When he returned to Lu, (Zi-gong) reported the interview and conversation to Confucius, who said, 'The man makes a pretence of cultivating the arts of the Embryonic Age. He knows the first thing, but not the sequel to it. He regulates what is internal in himself, but not what is external to himself. If he had intelligence enough to be entirely unsophisticated, and by doing nothing to seek to return to the normal simplicity, embodying (the instincts of) his nature, and keeping his spirit (as it were) in his arms, so enjoying himself in the common ways, you might then indeed be afraid of him! But what should you and I find in the arts of the embryonic time, worth our knowing?' |
