| | 盗跖: |
子张1问于满苟得曰：“盍不为行？无行则不信，不信则不任，不任则不利。故观之名，计之利，而义真是也。若弃名利，反之于心，则夫士之为行，不可一日不为乎？”满苟得曰：“无耻者富，多信者显。夫名利之大者，几在无耻而信。故观之名，计之利，而信真是也。若弃名利，反之于心，则夫士之为行，抱其天乎！” |
| The Robber Zhi: |
Zi-zhang asked Man Gou-de, saying, 'Why do you not pursue a (righteous) course? Without such a course you will not be believed in; unless you are believed in, you will not be employed in office; and if not employed in office, you will not acquire gain. Thus, if you look at the matter from the point of reputation, or estimate it from the point of gain, a righteous course is truly the right thing. If you discard the thought of reputation and gain, yet when you think over the thing in your own mind, you will see that the scholar should not be a single day without pursuing a (righteous) course.' Man Gou-de said, 'He who has no shame becomes rich, and he in whom many believe becomes illustrious. Thus the greatest fame and gain would seem to spring from being without shame and being believed in. Therefore if you look at the matter from the point of reputation, or estimate it from the point of gain, to be believed in is the right thing. If you discard the thought of fame and gain, and think over the thing in your own mind, you will see that the scholar in the course which he pursues is (simply) holding fast his Heavenly (nature, and gaining nothing).' |
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子张曰：“昔者桀、纣贵为天子，富有天下，今谓臧聚曰‘汝行如桀、纣’，则有怍色，有不服之心者，小人所贱也。仲尼、墨翟，穷为匹夫，今谓宰相曰‘子行如仲尼、墨翟’，则变容易色称不足者，士诚贵也。故势为天子，未必贵也；穷为匹夫，未必贱也。贵贱之分，在行之美恶。”满苟得曰：“小盗者拘，大盗者为诸侯，诸侯之门，义士存焉。昔者桓公小白杀兄入嫂而管仲为臣，田成子常杀君窃国而孔子受币。论则贱之，行则下之，则是言行之情悖战于胸中也，不亦拂乎！故《》曰：‘孰恶孰美？成者为首，不成者为尾。’” |
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Zi-zhang said, 'Formerly Jie and Zhou each enjoyed the honour of being the sovereign, and all the wealth of the kingdom was his; but if you now say to a (mere) money-grabber, "Your conduct is like that of Jie or Zhou," he will look ashamed, and resent the imputation: (these two sovereigns) are despised by the smallest men. Zhongni and Mo Di (on the other hand) were poor, and common men; but if you say to a Prime Minister that his conduct is like that of Zhongni or Mo Di, then he will be put out and change countenance, and protest that he is not worthy (to be so spoken of): (these two philosophers) are held to be truly noble by (all) scholars. Thus it is that the position of sovereign does not necessarily connect with being thought noble, nor the condition of being poor and of common rank with being thought mean. The difference of being thought noble or mean arises from the conduct being good or bad.' Man Gou-de replied, 'Small robbers are put in prison; a great robber becomes a feudal lord; and in the gate of the feudal lord your righteous scholars will be found. For instance, Xi-bo, the duke Huan, killed his elder brother, and took his sister-in-law to himself, and yet Guan Zhong became his minister; and Tian Cheng, styled Cheng-zi, killed his ruler, and usurped the state, and yet Confucius received a present of silks from him. In their discussions they would condemn the men, but in their conduct they abased themselves before them. In this way their words and actions must have been at war together in their breasts - was it not a contradiction and perversity? As it is said in a book, "Who is bad? and who is good? The successful is regarded as the Head, and the unsuccessful as the Tail."' |
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子张曰：“子不为行，即将疏戚无伦，贵贱无义，长幼无序，五纪六位将何以为别乎？”满苟得曰：“尧杀长子，舜流母弟，疏戚有伦乎？汤放桀，武王伐纣，贵贱有义乎？王季为适，周公杀兄，长幼有序乎？儒者伪辞，墨者兼爱，五纪六位将有别乎？且子正为名，我正为利。名利之实，不顺于理，不监于道。吾日与子讼于无约，曰：‘小人殉财，君子殉名。其所以变其情，易其性，则异矣；乃至于弃其所为而殉其所不为，则一也。’故曰：无为小人，反殉而天；无为君子，从天之理。若枉若直，相而天极，面观四方，与时消息。若是若非，执而圆机，独成而意，与道徘徊。无转而行，无成而义，将失而所为。无赴而富，无殉而成，将弃而天。比干剖心，子胥抉眼，忠之祸也；直躬证父，尾生溺死，信之患也；鲍子立乾，申子不自理，廉之害也；孔子不见母，匡子不见父，义之失也。此上世之所传，下世之所语，以为士者正其言，必其行，故服其殃，离其患也。” |
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Zi-zhang said, 'If you do not follow the usual course of what is held to be right, but observe no distinction between the near and remote degrees of kin, no difference between the noble and the mean, no order between the old and the young, then how shall a separation be made of the fivefold arrangement (of the virtues), and the six parties (in the social organisation)?' Man Gou-de replied, 'Yao killed his eldest son, and Shun banished his half-brother': did they observe the rules about the different degrees of kin? Tang deposed Jie; king Wu overthrew Zhou: did they observe the righteousness that should obtain between the noble and the mean? King Ji took the place of his elder brother, and the duke of Zhou killed his: did they observe the order that should obtain between the elder and the younger? The Literati make hypocritical speeches; the followers of Mo hold that all should be loved equally: do we find in them the separation of the fivefold arrangement (of the virtues), and the six parties (in the social organisation)? And further, you, Sir, are all for reputation, and I am all for gain; but where the actual search for reputation and gain may not be in accordance with principle and will not bear to be examined in the light of the right way, let me and you refer the matter to-morrow to the decision of Wu-yue.' (This Wu-yue) said, 'The small man pursues after wealth; the superior man pursues after reputation. The way in which they change their feelings and alter their nature is different; but if they were to cast away what they do, and replace it with doing nothing, they would be the same. Hence it is said, "Do not be a small man - return and pursue after the Heavenly in you. Do not be a superior man - follow the rule of the Heavenly in you. Be it crooked, be it straight, view the thing in the light of Heaven as revealed in you. Look all round on every side of it, and as the time indicates, cease your endeavours. Be it right, be it wrong, hold fast the ring in yourself in which all conditions converge. Alone by yourself, carry out your idea; ponder over the right way. Do not turn your course; do not try to complete your righteousness. You will fail in what you do. Do not haste to be rich; do not follow after your perfection. If you do, you will lose the heavenly in you." Bi-gan had his heart cut out; Zi-xu had his eyes gouged out: such were the evil consequences of their loyalty. The upright person bore witness against his father; Wei Sheng was drowned: such were the misfortunes of good faith. Bao-zi stood till he was dried up; Shan-zi would not defend himself: such were the injuries brought on by disinterestedness. Confucius did not see his mother; Kuang-zi did not see his father: such were the failures of the righteous. These are instances handed down from former ages, and talked about in these later times. They show us how superior men, in their determination to be correct in their words and resolute in their conduct, paid the penalty of these misfortunes, and were involved in these distresses.' 1. 子张 : 这里只是借用他的名字，并不是真的写子张其人其事。
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