| | 天下: |
不侈于后世，不靡于万物，不晖于数度，以绳墨自矫，而备世之急，古之道术有在于是者。墨翟、禽滑厘闻其风而说之。为之大过，己之大循。作为《非乐》，命之曰《节用》，生不歌，死无服。墨子泛爱兼利而非斗，其道不怒；又好学而博，不异，不与先王同，毁古之礼乐。 |
| Tian Xia: |
To leave no example of extravagance to future generations; to show no wastefulness in the use of anything; to make no display in the degree of their (ceremonial) observances; to keep themselves (in their expenditure) under the restraint of strict and exact rule, so as to be prepared for occurring emergencies - such regulations formed part of the system of the Dao in antiquity, and were appreciated by Mo Di, and (his disciple) Qin Hua-li. When they heard of such ways, they were delighted with them; but they enjoined them in excess, and followed them themselves too strictly. (Mo) made the treatise 'Against Music,' and enjoined the subject of another, called 'Economy in Expenditure,' on his followers. He would have no singing in life, and no wearing of mourning on occasions of death. He inculcated Universal Love, and a Common Participation in all advantages, and condemned Fighting. His doctrine did not admit of Anger. He was fond also of Learning, and with it all strove not to appear different from others. Yet he did not agree with the former kings, but attacked the ceremonies and music of the ancients. |
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黄帝有《咸池》，尧有《大章》，舜有《大韶》，禹有《大夏》，汤有《大濩》，文王有辟雍之乐，武王、周公作《武》。古之丧礼，贵贱有仪，上下有等，天子棺椁七重，诸侯五重，大夫三重，士再重。今墨子独生不歌，死不服，桐棺三寸而无椁，以为法式。以此教人，恐不爱人；以此自行，固不爱己。未败墨子道，虽然，歌而非歌，哭而非哭，乐而非乐，是果类乎？其生也勤，其死也薄，其道大觳，使人忧，使人悲，其行难为也，恐其不可以为圣人之道，反天下之心，天下不堪。墨子虽能独任，奈天下何！离于天下，其去王也远矣。 |
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Huang-Di had his Xian-chi; Yao, his Da Zhang; Shun, his Da Shao; Yu, his Da Xia; Tang, his Da Hu; King Wen, his music of the Pi-yong; and king Wu and the duke of Zhou made the Wu. In the mourning rites of the ancients, the noble and mean had their several observances, the high and low their different degrees. The coffin of the Son of Heaven was sevenfold; of a feudal lord, fivefold; of a great officer, threefold; of other officers, twofold. But now Mo-zi alone, would have no singing during life, and no wearing of mourning after death. As the rule for all, he would have a coffin of elaeococca wood, three inches thick, and without any enclosing shell. The teaching of such lessons cannot be regarded as affording a proof of his love for men; his practising them in his own case would certainly show that he did not love himself; but this has not been sufficient to overthrow the views of Mo-zi. Notwithstanding, men will sing, and he condemns singing; men will wail, and he condemns wailing; men will express their joy, and he condemns such expression: is this truly in accordance with man's nature? Through life toil, and at death niggardliness: his way is one of great unkindliness. Causing men sorrow and melancholy, and difficult to be carried into practice, I fear it cannot be regarded as the way of a sage. Contrary to the minds of men everywhere, men will not endure it. Though Mo-zi himself might be able to endure it, how can the aversion of the world to it be overcome? The world averse to it, it must be far from the way of the (ancient) kings. |
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墨子称道曰：“昔者禹之湮洪水，决江河而通四夷九州也，名山三百，支川三千，小者无数。禹亲自操稿耜而九杂天下之川，腓无胈，胫无毛，沐甚雨，栉疾风，置万国。禹，大圣也，而形劳天下也如此。”使后世之墨者多以裘褐为衣，以跂蹻为服，日夜不休，以自苦为极，曰：“不能如此，非禹之道也，不足谓墨。”相里勤之弟子五侯之徒，南方之墨者苦获、已齿、邓陵子之属，俱诵《墨经》，而倍谲不同，相谓别墨，以坚白、同异之辩相訾，以觭偶不仵之辞相应，以巨子为圣人，皆愿为之尸，冀得为其后世，至今不决。 |
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Mo-zi, in praise of his views, said, 'Anciently, when Yu was draining off the waters of the flood, he set free the channels of the Jiang and the He, and opened communications with them from the regions of the four Yi and the nine provinces. The famous hills with which he dealt were 300, the branch streams were 3000, and the smaller ones innumerable. With his own hands he carried the sack and wielded the spade, till he had united all the streams of the country (conducting them to the sea). There was no hair left on his legs from the knee to the ankle. He bathed his hair in the violent wind, and combed it in the pelting rain, thus marking out the myriad states. Yu was a great sage, and thus he toiled in the service of the world.' The effect of this is that in this later time most of the Mohists wear skins and dolychos cloth, with shoes of wood or twisted hemp, not stopping day or night, but considering such toiling on their part as their highest achievement. They say that he who cannot do this is acting contrary to the way of Yu, and not fit to be a Mohist. The disciples of Qin of Xiang-li, the followers of the various feudal lords; and Mohists of the south, such as Ku Huo, Ji Chi, and Zheng Ling-zi, all repeated the texts of Mo, but they differed in the objections which they offered to them, and in their deceitful glosses they called one another Mohists of different schools. They had their disputations, turning on 'what was hard,' and 'what was white,' what constituted 'sameness' and what 'difference,' and their expressions about the difference between 'the odd' and 'the even,' with which they answered one another. They regarded their most distinguished member as a sage, and wished to make him their chief, hoping that he would be handed down as such to future ages. To the present day these controversies are not determined. |
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墨翟、禽滑厘之意则是，其行则非也。将使后世之墨者必自苦以腓无胈、胫无毛，相进而已矣。乱之上也，治之下也。虽然，墨子真天下之好也，将求之不得也，虽枯槁不舍也，才士也！ |
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The idea of Mo Di and Qin Hua-li was good, but their practice was wrong. They would have made the Mohists of future ages feel it necessary to toil themselves, till there was not a hair on their legs, and still be urging one another on; (thus producing a condition) superior indeed to disorder, but inferior to the result of good government. Nevertheless, Mo-zi was indeed one of the best men in the world, which you may search without finding his equal. Decayed and worn (his person) might be, but he is not to be rejected - a scholar of ability indeed! |
| | 天下: |
夫不累于俗，不饰于物，不苟于人，不忮于众，愿天下之安宁以活民命，人我之养毕足而止，以此白心，古之道术有在于是者。宋鈃、尹文闻其风而悦之。作为华山之冠以自表，接万物以别宥为始。语心之容，命之曰心之行，以聏合驩，以调海内，请欲置之以为主。见侮不辱，救民之斗；禁攻寝兵，救世之战。以此周行天下，上说下教，虽天下不取，强聒而不舍者也。故曰：“上下见厌而强见也。”虽然，其为人太多，其自为太少，曰：“请欲固置五升之饭足矣，先生恐不得饱，弟子虽饥，不忘天下。”日夜不休，曰：“我必得活哉！”图傲乎救世之士哉！曰：“君子不为苛察，不以身假物。”以为无益于天下者，明之不如已也。以禁攻寝兵为外，以情欲寡浅为内，其小大精粗，其行适至是而止。 |
| Tian Xia: |
To keep from being entangled by prevailing customs; to shun all ornamental attractions in one's self; not to be reckless in his conduct to others; not to set himself stubbornly against a multitude; to desire the peace and repose of the world in order to preserve the lives of the people; and to cease his action when enough had been obtained for the nourishment of others and himself, showing that this was the aim of his mind - such a scheme belonged to the system of the Dao in antiquity, and it was appreciated by Song Xing and Yin Wen. When they heard of such ways, they were delighted with them. They made the Hua-shan cap, and wore it as their distinguishing badge. In their intercourse with others, whatever their differences might be, they began by being indulgent to them. Their name for 'the Forbearance of the Mind' was 'the Action of the Mind.' By the warmth of affection they sought the harmony of joy, and to blend together all within the four seas; and their wish was to plant this everywhere as the chief thing to be pursued. They endured insult without feeling it a disgrace; they sought to save the people from fighting; they forbade aggression and sought to hush the weapons of strife, to save their age from war. In this way they went everywhere, counselling the high and instructing the low. Though the world might not receive them, they only insisted on their object the more strongly, and would not abandon it. Hence it is said, 'The high and the low might be weary of them, but they were strong to show themselves.' Notwithstanding all this, they acted too much out of regard to others, and too little for themselves. It was as if they said, 'What we request and wish is simply that there may be set down for us five pints of rice - that will be enough.' But I fear the Master would not get his fill from this; and the disciples, though famishing, would still have to be mindful of the world, and, never stopping day or night, have to say, 'Is it necessary I should preserve my life? Shall I scheme how to exalt myself above the master, the saviour of the age?' It was moreover as if they said, 'The superior man does not censoriously scrutinize (the faults of others); he does not borrow from others to supersede his own endeavours; when any think that he is of no use to the world, he knows that their intelligence is inferior to his own; he considers the prohibition of aggression and causing the disuse of arms to be an external achievement, and the making his own desires to be few and slight to be the internal triumph.' Such was their discrimination between the great and the small, the subtle and the coarse; and with the attainment of this they stopped. |
