中國哲學書電子化計劃 數據維基 |
吳澄[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]ctext:834045
See also: 吳澄 (ctext:7813528)
• 吳澄 (理學家)
• 吳澄江,一名吳澄,唐朝外戚、駙馬
• 吳澄 (1900年),清末民國人物
• 吳澄 (自動控制專家),中國自動控制專家
Wu Cheng was born in 1249 in Fuzhou, Jiangxi, into a poor family with a scholarly heritage. His early training was in the Zhu Xi (1130-1200) lineage, but he was also exposed to the idea of harmonizing the Zhu Xi teachings with those of Lu Xiangshan (1139-1193), and he also had an affinity for southern Daoism. This synthetic tendency was apparent in Wu』s later writings and exerted an influence on the development of xinxue 心學 (the School of the Mind and Heart) in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) eras. He died in 1333.
Failing to pass the jinshi examination just prior to the invasion of Jiangxi by the Mongols, Wu supported the resistance forces of Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283). After the takeover, educators in the capital tried unsuccessfully to recruit him to serve the Yuan and instead disseminated his classical commentaries. He refused local appointments, but in 1309 he served in the Directorate of Education in Dadu (Beijing), leaving in 1312 over differences with those reinstituting the examination system, which had been defunct since the Mongol takeover. Wu had wished to broaden the classical curriculum beyond Zhu Xi』s commentaries on the Four Books and proposed models that challenged the prevailing plan. In the 1320s he also served in the Historical Bureau in the capital.
Among Wu Cheng's contributions there is a famous condemnation of the divination practice as described in the "Great Plan" (Hongfan 洪範) section of the Book of Documents, a classic for which he provided an alternative organization to the orthodox arrangement. According to him, Jizi, a virtuous relative of the last king of the Shang dynasty who was punished for remonstrating with the king, and who was responsible for transmission of the teaching about divination prevailing among the opinions of nobles and ordinary people, was under the sway of Shang dynasty superstitions. The matter is discussed in Bernhard Karlgren's commentaries on the "Great Plan" (Nylan, 1992:169).
Wu wrote original and critical commentaries on almost all of the classics, and the Dao de jing, but his greatest achievements were philosophical, in discussing the limits on human understanding of ideas like taiji (the Great Ultimate), and in emphasizing the need to crystallize moral truths within oneself (ningdao 凝道). His attempt to synthesize the ideas of Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan led him into adopting Lu』s ideas on interiority, thus anticipating the development of the Neo-Confucian School of Mind in the Ming and Qing eras. As a successful and popular teacher, Wu had many students over his long life, and it was as a mentor and inspiration to them that he made his greatest impact as a scholar in the Yuan era.
主題 | 關係 | role | role-status |
---|---|---|---|
三禮考注 | creator | 舊題 | |
儀禮逸經傳 | creator | ||
吳文正集 | creator | ||
孝經定本 | creator | ||
孝經定本 | creator | ||
易纂言 | creator | ||
易纂言外翼 | creator | ||
春秋纂言 | creator | ||
書纂言 | creator | ||
月令七十二候集解 | creator | 舊題 | |
校補禮記纂言 | creator | 原本 | |
禮記纂言 | creator | ||
道德真經注 | creator |
文獻資料 | 引用次數 |
---|---|
清史稿 | 1 |
欽定續文獻通考 | 1 |
御定佩文齋書畫譜 | 2 |
四庫全書輯永樂大典本書目 | 1 |
續資治通鑑 | 1 |
御定淵鑑類函 | 2 |
宋元學案 | 2 |
宋元詩會 | 2 |
江南通志 | 2 |
四庫全書總目提要 | 47 |
楝亭書目 | 7 |
江西通志 | 2 |
四庫全書簡明目錄 | 11 |
喜歡我們的網站?請支持我們的發展。 | 網站的設計與内容(c)版權2006-2024。如果您想引用本網站上的内容,請同時加上至本站的鏈接:https://ctext.org/zh。請注意:嚴禁使用自動下載軟体下載本網站的大量網頁,違者自動封鎖,不另行通知。沪ICP备09015720号-3 | 若有任何意見或建議,請在此提出。 |