| Chinese Text Project | |
| Simplified Chinese version |
| 鄉 U+9109 |  Seal script |  Jinwen |  Jiaguwen | 乡 Simplified character | 郷 Semantic variant | 鄕 Semantic variant |
| Radical: | 邑+ 9 strokes = 12 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.172#20 Kangxi: p.1275#02 GSR: 714.c Hanyu: v6,p3786#04 |
| Composition: | Left: 乡, right: 郎. Component of: 㗽 向 膷 𤩬 向 芗 蠁 响 𧬰 䦳 𬳧 飨 鱜 |
| Mandarin: | xiāng xiǎng xiàng ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ |
| Cantonese: | hoeng1 hoeng3 |
| Guangyun: | 《广韵·下平声·阳·香》乡：郷党。《释名》云：万二千五百家爲郷郷向也，衆所向也，又姓出姓苑。 |
| Fanqie: | 许良 (《广韵·下平声·阳·香》) |
| Unihan definition: | country; rural; village |
Example usage
| 《论语·雍也》: | 以与尔邻里乡党乎！ |
| May you not give them away in the neighborhoods, hamlets, towns, and villages? | |
| 《孟子·告子下》: | 君不乡道，不志于仁，而求富之，是富桀也。 |
| If a sovereign follows not the right way, nor has his mind bent on benevolence, to seek to enrich him is to enrich a Jie. | |
| 《礼记·三年问》: | 今是大鸟兽，则失丧其群匹，越月逾时焉，则必反巡，过其故乡，翔回焉，鸣号焉，蹢躅焉，踟蹰焉，然后乃能去之。 |
| Take the larger birds and beasts - when one of them has lost its mate, after a month or a season, it is sure to return and go about their old haunts. It turns round and round, utters its cries, now moves, now stops, and looks quite embarrassed and uncertain in its movements, before it can leave the place. | |
| 《扬子法言》: | 贼仁近乡原，贼义近乡讪。 |
| The thief of ren is close to the village worthy. The thief of yi is close to the village detractor. | |
| 《庄子·逍遥游》: | 故夫知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君而徵一国者，其自视也亦若此矣。 |
| Thus it is that men, whose wisdom is sufficient for the duties of some one office, or whose conduct will secure harmony in some one district, or whose virtue is befitting a ruler so that they could efficiently govern some one state, are sure to look on themselves in this manner (like the quail). | |
| 《道德经》: | 修之于乡，其德乃长。 |
| The neighbourhood where it prevails In thriving will abound. | |
| 《商君书·农战》: | 虽有诗书，乡一束，家一员，独无益于治也，非所以反之之术也。 |
| Though there may be a bundle of the Odes and History in every hamlet and a copy in every family, yet it is useless for good government, and it is not a method whereby this condition of things may be reversed. | |
| 《孙子兵法·军争》: | 不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军，不能乡导者，不能得地利。 |
| We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country - its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps. We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides. | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 武王始入殷，表商容之闾，释箕子之囚，哭比干之墓，天下乡善矣。 |
| 《说苑·修文》: | 行步中矩，折旋中规，立则磬折，拱则抱鼓，其以入君朝，尊以严，其以入宗庙，敬以忠，其以入乡曲，和以顺，其以入州里族党之中，和以亲。 |
| 《春秋繁露·度制》: | 故贵贱有等，衣服有制，朝廷有位，乡党有序，则民有所让而不敢争，所以一之也。 |
| 《韩诗外传·卷一》: | 虽居乡里，若坐涂炭。 |
| 《大戴礼记·礼察》: | 乡饮酒之礼废，则长幼之序失，而争斗之狱繁矣。 |
| 《白虎通德论·礼乐》: | 族长乡里之中，长幼同听之，则莫不和顺。 |
| 《新书·大政上》: | 君乡善于此，则佚佚然协民皆乡善于彼矣，犹景之象形也。 |
| 《新序·善谋》: | 吾闻穷乡多怪，曲学多辩。 |
| 《中论·法象》: | 是以不愠怒而德行行于闺门，不谏谕而风声化乎乡党。 |
| 《孔子家语·儒行解》: | 丘闻之：君子之学也博，其服以乡。 |
| 《潜夫论·潜叹》: | 故尧参乡党以得舜，文王参己以得吕尚，岂若殷辛、秦政，既得贤人，反决滞于雠，诛杀正直，而进任奸臣之党哉？ |
| 《论衡·累害》: | 偶俗全身，则乡原也。 |
| 《太玄经·夷》: | 测曰，“夷耇”之“贞”、悬车乡也。 |
| 《风俗通义·六国》: | 当农桑之时，重为所烦劳，不舍乡亭，止于棠树之下，听讼决狱，百姓各得其所。 |
| 《孔丛子·公孙龙》: | 尹文曰：‘今有人于此，事君则忠，事亲则孝，交友则信，处乡则顺。’ |
| 《新语·道基》: | 故虐行则怨积，德布则功兴，百姓以德附，骨肉以仁亲，夫妇以义合，朋友以义信，君臣以义序，百官以义承，曾、闵以仁成大孝，伯姬以义建至贞，守国者以仁坚固，佐君者以义不倾，君以仁治，臣以义平，乡党以仁恂恂，朝廷以义便便，美女以贞显其行，烈士以义彰其名，阳气以仁生，阴节以义降，《鹿鸣》以仁求其群，《关雎》以义鸣其雄，《春秋》以仁义贬绝，《诗》以仁义存亡，《乾》、《坤》以仁和合，《八卦》以义相承，《书》以仁叙九族，君臣以义制忠，《礼》以仁尽节，乐以礼升降。 |
| 《独断·卷下》: | 汉兴以皇子封为王者得茅土，其地功臣及乡亭他姓公侯，各以其户数租入为限，不受茅土，亦不立社也。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·独断》: | 其乡射行礼，公卿冠委貌，衣玄端，执事者皮弁服，宫门仆射冠却非，大乐郊社祝舞者冠建华，其状如妇人缕簏，迎气五郊舞者所冠，亦为冕，车驾出后有巧士冠，似高山冠而小。 |
| 《墨子·大取》: | 诸以居运命者，若乡里齐荆者，皆是。 |
| 《列子·天瑞》: | 有人去乡土，离六亲，废家业，游于四方而不归者，何人哉？ |
| 《鶡冠子·道端》: | 天不开门户，使下相害也，进贤受上赏，则下不相蔽，不待事人贤士显不蔽之功，则任事之人莫不尽忠，乡曲慕义，化坐自端，此其道之所致德之所成也。 |
| 《文子·精诚》: | 政失于冬，辰星不效其乡，四时失政，镇星摇荡，日月见谪，五星悖乱，彗星出。 |
| 《列仙传·仇生》: | 常食松脂，在尸乡北山上，自作石室。 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 修之于乡，其德乃长，修道于乡，尊敬长老，爱养幼少，教诲愚鄙。 |
| 《韩非子·有度》: | 故民不越乡而交，无百里之戚。 |
| 《管子·轻重戊》: | 今吾沐涂树之枝，日中无尺寸之阴，出入者长时，行者疾走，父老归而治生，刃壮者归而薄业，彼臣归其三不归，此以乡不资也。 |
| 《公孙龙子·迹府》: | 尹文曰：‘今有人于此，事君则忠，事亲则孝，交友则信，处乡则顺，有此四行，可谓士乎？’ |
| 《吴子·治兵》: | 乡里相比，什伍相保。 |
| 《六韬·六守》: | 农一其乡，则谷足。 |
| 《尉缭子·战威》: | 必也因民所生而制之，因民所营而显之，田禄之实，饮食之亲，乡里相劝，死丧相救，兵役相从，此民之所励也。 |
| 《九章算术·衰分》: | 答曰：北乡遣一百三十五人、一万二千一百七十五分人之一万一千六百三十七。 |
| 《淮南子·齐俗训》: | 是以人不兼官，官不兼事，士农工商，乡别州异，是故农与农言力，士与士言行，工与工言巧，商与商言数。 |
| 《吕氏春秋·不苟》: | 今缪公乡之矣，其霸西戎，岂不宜哉？ |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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