| | 僖公二十... : |
二十有七年，春，杞子來朝。 |
| | In the twenty-seventh year, spring, Qi Zi came to pay homage.
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夏，六月，庚寅，齊侯昭卒。 |
| | In summer, on the Gengyin day of the sixth month, Lord Zhao of Qi died.
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秋，八月，乙未，葬齊孝公。乙巳，公子遂帥師入杞。 |
| | In autumn, on the Yiwèi day of the eighth month, Duke Xiao of Qi was buried. On the Yisi day, Gongzi Sui led his troops into Qi.
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冬，楚人、陳侯、蔡侯、鄭伯、許男圍宋。十有二月，甲戌，公會諸侯盟于宋。 |
| | In winter, the people of Chu, Duke Chen, Duke Cai, Bo Zheng, and Nan Xu besieged Song. On the Jiaxu day of the twelfth month, the ruler met with the feudal lords to form an alliance in Song.
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| | 僖公二十... : |
二十七年，春，杞桓公來朝，用夷禮，故曰子。公卑杞，杞不共也。 |
| | In the twenty-seventh year: In spring, King Huan of Qi came to pay homage; he was treated according to Yi rites, hence he is called Zi. The ruler lowered himself before Qi, and therefore Qi did not offer tribute.
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夏，齊孝公卒，有齊怨，不廢喪紀，禮也。 |
| | In summer, Duke Xiao of Qi died. Despite resentment toward Qi, the mourning rites were not abandoned; this was in accordance with ritual propriety.
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秋，入杞，責無禮也。 |
| | In autumn, troops entered Qi to hold them accountable for their disrespectful behavior.
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楚子將圍宋，使子文治兵於睽，終朝而畢，不戮一人。子玉復治兵於蒍，終日而畢，鞭七人，貫三人耳。國老皆賀子文，子文飲之酒。蒍賈尚幼，後至不賀。子文問之，對曰：「不知所賀。子之傳政於子玉，曰：『以靖國也。』靖諸內而敗諸外，所獲幾何子玉之敗，子之舉也，舉以敗國，將何賀焉子玉剛而無禮，不可以治民，過三百乘，其不能以入矣。苟入而賀，何後之有。 |
| | Prince Chu planned to besiege Song and sent Ziwen to prepare troops at Kui. The preparations were completed in a single morning, without killing even one person. Zi Yu again prepared troops at Wei; the preparations took all day to complete, and he whipped seven people and pierced three with spears. The elder statesmen of the country all congratulated Ziwen, who then treated them to wine. Wei Jia was still young and arrived later without offering congratulations. Ziwen asked him why, and he replied: "I do not know what to congratulate you for. "You passed the administration of state affairs to Zi Yu, saying, 'This is to pacify the country.'" "You pacified the interior but failed in external affairs; what have you gained? Zi Yu's failure is due to your recommendation. To recommend someone who brings about the downfall of the state—what is there to congratulate? Zi Yu is rigid and disrespectful, unfit to govern the people. If he leads more than three hundred chariots, I fear he will not be able to enter [the city]." "If he enters and we offer congratulations then, what difference would it make if we were late?"
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冬，楚子及諸侯圍宋，宋公孫固如晉告急。先軫曰：「報施救患，取威定霸，於是乎在矣。」狐偃曰：「楚始得曹，而新昏於衛，若伐曹、衛，楚必救之，則齊、宋免矣。」於是乎蒐于被廬，作三軍，謀元帥，趙衰曰：「郤縠可。臣亟聞其言矣，說禮、樂而敦《詩》、《書》。詩書，義之府也，禮樂，德之則也，德、義，利之本也。《夏書》曰：『賦納以言，明試以功，車服以庸。』君其試之。」乃使郤縠將中軍，郤溱佐之，使狐偃將上軍，讓於狐毛而佐之，命趙衰為卿，讓於欒枝、先軫。使欒枝將下軍，先軫佐之。荀林父御戎，魏犨為右，晉侯始入而教其民，二年，欲用之。子犯曰：「民未知義，未安其居。」於是乎出定襄王，入務利民，民懷生矣。將用之子。犯曰：「民未知信，未宣其用。」於是乎伐原以示之信。民易資者，不求豐焉，明徵其辭，公曰：「可矣乎？」子犯曰：「民未知禮，未生其共。」於是乎大蒐以示之禮，作執秩以正其官。民聽不惑，而後用之。出穀戍，釋宋圍，一戰而霸，文之教也。 |
| | In winter, Prince Chu and the feudal lords besieged Song. Gongsun Gu of Song went to Jin to report an emergency. Xian Zhen said: "To repay kindness, rescue from distress, gain prestige, and establish hegemony—this is the moment to do so." Hu Yan said: "Chu has just captured Cao and recently married into the Wei family. If we attack Cao and Wei, Chu will certainly come to their rescue, thus relieving Qi and Song." Thus they held a military review at Bei Lu, established three armies, and planned to appoint a supreme commander. Zhao Cui said: "Xi Hu is suitable." "I have often heard his words; he speaks of rites and music, and values the 'Shi' and 'Shu.'" "The 'Shi' and the 'Shu' are repositories of righteousness; rites and music are standards of virtue. Virtue and righteousness are the roots of benefit." "The 'Shang Shu' says: 'Accept words as tribute, test ability through accomplishments, and bestow carriages and robes according to merit.'" "Your lordship should give him a trial." Thus they appointed Xi Hu as commander of the central army, with Xi Qin as his deputy. They assigned Hu Yan to command the upper army, yielding the position to Hu Mao and serving as his deputy. Zhao Cui was named a high minister, but he yielded the honor to Luan Zhi and Xian Zhen. They appointed Luan Zhi as commander of the lower army, with Xian Zhen as his deputy. Xun Linfu served as the charioteer, and Wei Chou was on the right side. When Duke Jin first entered [the region], he began to educate his people; after two years, he wished to use them in battle. Zi Fan said: "The people do not yet understand righteousness and are unsettled in their dwellings." Thus they went out to support King Xiang, and upon returning focused on benefiting the people; as a result, the people cherished life. They were about to use them, my lord. Fan said: "The people do not yet trust us and are unaware of how they will be used." Thus they attacked Yuan to demonstrate their credibility. For the people who easily provided resources, they did not demand more; instead, they clearly stated their terms. The ruler asked: "Is it ready now?" Zi Fan said: "The people do not yet know the rites and have not developed a sense of reverence." Thus they held a grand military review to demonstrate the rites, and established the Zhizhi system to regulate their official positions. Only after the people listened without confusion were they put into use. They withdrew from Gu Shu, lifted the siege of Song, and achieved hegemony with a single battle—this was the teaching of Duke Wen.
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